Formula-(化学式)教学讲解课件

Formula(化學式)DifferentkindsofformulaeFormula(化學式)ChemicalShorthandDifferentkindsofformulaEmpiricalformula(實驗式)Ionicformula(離子式)Molecularformula(分子式)Structuralformula(結構式)SodiumchlorideNa+416Cl-416?SodiumchlorideEmpiricalformula–showingthesimplestwholenumberratioofatomspresent.i.e.NaClIonicformula–showingthesimplestwholenumberratioofionspresent.i.e.Na+Cl-WaterWaterEmpiricalformula–H2OIonicformula–notapplicableMolecularformula–showingtheactualnumberofdifferentatomsinamolecule.i.e.H2OStructuralformula–showingtheconnectionoftheatomsinamolecule.EthaneHydrogenatomCarbonatomEthaneEmpiricalformula–CH3Ionicformula–notapplicableMolecularformula–C2H6Structuralformula–

Whatdodifferentkindsofformulashow?Empiricalformula–

Ionicformula–

Molecularformula–Structuralformula–

Whatdodifferentkindsofformulashow?Empiricalformula–showingthesimplestwholeno.ratioofatomspresent.

Ionicformula–showingthesimplestwholeno.rationofionspresent.

Molecularformula–showingtheactualno.ofdifferentatomsinamolecule.Structuralformula–showingtheconnectionofatomsinamolecule.SummarySodiumchlorideWaterEthaneEmpiricalformulaIonicformulaMolecularformulaStructuralformulaSummarySodiumchlorideWaterEthaneEmpiricalformulaNaClH2OCH3IonicformulaNa+Cl-N.A.N.A.MolecularformulaN.A.H2OC2H6StructuralformulaN.A.PredicationofformulaofsubstancesStep1–Classifytheatomspresent:metalornon-metal.Step2–Decidewhetheritisanionic,covalent(simplemolecularorgiantcovalent)substance.Step3–UsetheconceptofjigsawforionicsubstancesandtheconceptofhandsforcovalentsubstancesExamplesConstituentParticles(組成粒子)Formula(化學式)NatureofbondSilveratom,OxygenatomLead(II)ion,nitrateionCarbonatom,FluorineatomSodiumion,HydrogensulphateionCalciumion,HydroxideionExamplesConstituentParticles(組成粒子)Formula(化學式)NatureofbondSilveratom,OxygenatomAg2OIonicLead(II)ion,nitrateionPb(NO3)2Ionic,CovalentCarbonatom,FluorineatomCF4CovalentSodiumion,HydrogensulphateionNaHSO4Ionic,CovalentCalciumion,HydroxideionCa(OH)2Ionic,CovalentFormulaunit(化學式單位)Formulacanbeusedtorepresentasubstanceoramountofcertainsubstance.e.g.NaClmayrepresentthesubstancesodiumchlorideORapairofNa+andCl-ions,

knownasaformulaunitofNaCl.+-MicroscopicInterpretation(微觀詮釋)SymbolicRepresentation(符號的表示)Sodiumchloride(氯化鈉)MacroscopicObservation(宏觀觀察)NaClORGlossary(詞彙)Bonding(鍵)–attractionbetweentheparticles.Ion(離子)–electricallychargedatomormolecule.Ionicbond(離子鍵)–electrostaticattractionbetweenoppositelychargedions.Molecule(分子)–Smallparticlethatcanexitonitsown.Covalentbond(共價鍵)–electrostaticattractionformedbysharingofelectronsbetween2non-metalatoms.Intermolecularforces(分子間力)–aweakattractionbetweenmoleculesdiscoveredbyvanderWaals.Relation