专四语法7讲-倒装句及情态动词资料课件

倒装句分类：全部倒装、部分倒装全部倒装：指将谓语动词全部提到主语前面。部分倒装：指仅把助动词、情态动词或谓语动词的一部分置于主语之前。具体情况1.修饰谓语动词或句子的含否定意义的词或词组须置于句首，句子用部分倒装。no,not,never,seldom,little,nor,neither,nowhere,notuntil,hardly/scarcely/rarely,hardly/scarcely…when..,nosooner…than…,invain,atnotime,bynomeans,onnoaccount,under/innocircumstances,innoway,innocase,notonly..but(also)…eg:Notasingleworddidhesayforawholehour.Nosoonerhadhesaidtthanhewishedhehadnotdoneso.话一出口他就后悔不该说这样的话。NOlongeraretheystayingwithus.他们将不再和我们在一起。InnowayamIresponsibleforwhathashappened.我绝不应该对所发生的事负责任。NowherehasthegreatprincipleofequalitybeensothoroughlyputintopracticeasinChina.没有哪个地方比中国把平等这个伟大的原则更彻底地贯彻到实践中去。Notonlycantheyacquaintthemselveswitheachother,buttheycanbroadentheiroutlookbyattendingthemeeting.比较：NoteveryoneofthemIlike.Scarcelyadropofrainfelllastmonth.上个月降水极少。（以上两句中的否定词修饰宾语和主语，故无须倒装。）2.only,so或such置于句首，强调句中的某一部分时，句子用部分倒装。Onlybyactivelyinvolvingyourselfinsocialpracticecanyouaccumulateenoughworkingexperience.只有积极投身于社会实践，方能积累丰富的工作经验。Sochallengingwasthetaskthatittookusmuchtimetofinishit.这项任务有相当难度，我们费了很多时间才完成。Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.爆炸力如此之大，窗户玻璃都震碎了。3.含有such表示程度的介词短语置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Tosuchadegreedidthoseplayerssufferfromthebadweatherthattheycouldnotevenrunfaster.Tosuchlengthsdidthefilmgoonthatpeoplebegantoquit.4.often置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Oftendoeshecometoofferhistimelyhelp.Oftendidsheremindmenottobelateforclass.5.让步状语从句中的用as(必须倒装),though（可以倒装可以不倒装）引导从句的倒装Beautifulassheis,sheisstupid.MuchasIlikeyou,Icannotdoitforyou.

6．虚拟语气中省掉if,whether,though等引导词，从句要倒装HadInotreadhisdiary,Iwouldn’thaveknownhissecret.WereItogo,Iwouldbelate.Beherichorpoor,heshallbetreatedequally.7.so…that..结构中so置于句首的倒装Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryonecouldhearhim.倒装语序用于平衡句子1.介词短语作状语表示地点或方向置于句首时，句子主谓部分全部倒装。Infrontofmelaythewholevalleylikeanuntouchedparadiseonearth.整个峡谷展现在我的面前，犹如人间仙境。Afterthewarcametheeconomicrecession.战后经济萧条接踵而至。Awayintothedistancestretchedridgeafterridgeofsnowcappedpeaks.冰雪覆盖的群峰绵延不断，伸向远方。2.there,here置于句首，而且主语是名词时，句子全部倒装。Thereoncelivedafamouswriterinthathouse.Herecomesthemanagerwearewaitingfor.倒装句和强调句的区别倒装句和强调句都可以用来加强语气，但两者采取的方式不同。倒装句是把要加强的部分放在句首，形成主谓倒装，以示醒目。而强调句则是用下列方式来实现：1.用“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分”来表达“正是。。。。。。”的强势语气，主谓语不倒装。这一强调结构中的that可被who,whom替代来指人。Itisphysicaleducationprogramthatisofgreatvalueespeciallytoastudentstudyingmostoftheday.体育课对于整天学习的学生来说尤为重要。（强调主语）Itispeoplethatmankindcanrelyonasasourceformuchmorethanispossibletoimagine.人民才是人类可依靠的无比强大的力量。（强调宾语）Itiswhenhumanfriendsdesertusthatgoodbooksarealwaysreadytogiveusfriendship.正是当生活中我们被朋友抛弃时，好多书总是随时给我们友情。（强调状语）ItwasthenandtherethatIgotinsightintohiswords.此时此刻我才领会到他的意思。（强调状语）该强调句型不能用来强调谓语动词和部分状语从句，如让步状语从句和表示对比的从句。Thoughheispoor,heisveryhonest.Wearesciencestudentswhereastheyarestudentsofliberalarts.2.用do,does或did来强调谓语动词。Wedidhaveagoodtimethatsummer.那年夏天我们的确过得很愉快。Dobecareful!一定要细心！当so/nor/neither表示与前面的情况一致，可以使用倒装，Idonotlikethatstyleofmusic.NeitherdoI.2）情态动词情态动词不能单独做谓语,后接动词原形。oughtto,haveto除外。没有人称,数的变化,can,will等有一般时和过去时。情态动词有意义。

表示能力,指有能力做某事,译为“能够”。----Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.----Inthepast,peoplecouldnotcountaswedonow.(could表示过去的能力)与beableto的区别:①时态can只有现在时和过去时,而beableto有更多形式。与beableto的区别:②成功地完成某一具体动作,用was/wereableto=managedtodo/succeededindoing表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。----Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.can/could2.表示请求或允许,译为“可否”。----Can/Couldyouturndowntheradio?(Could较客气)----Youcanleaveittome.----Heaskedmeifhecouldusemymobilephone.回答:Yes,youcan.(肯定)No,youcan’t.(否定)3.Cannot…too…译为“无论怎样…也不为过;越…越好”。----Youcannotbetoocarefulwhiledrivingacaronsuchadarknight.

表示许可。=beallowedtodo----Youmaygonow.----May/MightIdancewithyou?回答:Yes,youmay/can.No,youmustn’t.2.表示推测,只用于肯定句。----Shemay/mightcomeheretomorrow.(may比might可能性大一些)----Theymaybestillwaitingforus.3.用于祈使句,表示祝愿。----Mayyousucceed!4.

may/mightaswell用于提出建议,译为“最好”。----Youmay/mightaswellstayathometonight.may/might1.表示义务,译为“必须”、“一定要”。----Youmusthandinyourhomework.----MustIbooktheticketsinadvance?回答:Yes,youmust.(肯定)No,youneedn’t./don’thaveto.(否定)与haveto的区别:①时态must没有时态变化,而haveto有各种时态。②must强调说话人的主观看法,haveto强调外在的客观需要,译为“不得不”。----Wemustobeythetrafficrules.----Sinceitisraining,shehastostayindoors.

③否定意义不同mustn’t表示禁止,译为“不准”、“不允许”。don’thaveto译为“不必”。----Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.----Youdon’thavetocallbacktonight.must2.表示推测,只用于肯定句,译为“肯定”。否定为can’t,译为“不可能”。现在:mustdo/mustbedoing过去:musthavedone----Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetirednow.----Theyareplayingbasketball.Theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.----Thedoorislocked.Shecan’tbeathome.(当前推测)----Isawhimjustnowsohecan’t/couldn’thavegoneabroad.(过去的推测)must表示“应该”。=oughtto----Youshould/oughttoworkhard.2.should表惊讶,惋惜,译为“竟然”。----Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetoyou.----Ididn’texpectthatheshouldhavefinishedthejobaheadoftime.should类似情态动词的短语usedto+do（过去经常干某事）；beusedto+doing（习惯于干某事）may/might(just)aswell：“还不如……”，表示推荐更佳方案。(≈hadbetter)Youmayaswelltellthetruth.cannotbut+do表示不得不同意e.g.Hecannotbutgohomeonfoot.他不得不步行回家。情态动词句型(1)may/might(just)aswell“不妨，最好”，与hadbetter相近。如：

Sincetheflightwascancelled,youmightaswellgobytrain.(2)cannot/can’t…too…“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如：

Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.(3)usedn’t或didn’tuseto为usedto(do)的否定式。情态动词考点一：各动词基本用法1.掌握不同情态动词的情态意义表示可能性时，Can往往指逻辑上的可能性，May表示可能则指事实上的可能性。1)Accordingtotheweatherforecast,itmayraintomorrow.2)Anymanwithalittlesensecanseethatheiswrong.should有竟然之意Iamsurprised__thiscityisadullplacetolivein.Athatyoushouldthink BbywhatyouarethinkingCthatyouwouldthink Dwithwhatyouwerethinking2.表示推测时可能性大小：Might---may---could---can---should---oughtto---would---will---mustAmusthavedone“准是…”Hedidn’tcometoworkyesterday.Hemusthavebeenill.Whereismyumbrella?Imusthaveleftitonthebus.情态动词考点二：情态动词完成时意义2.

can’t/couldn’thavedone“不可能做过…”Billyisanhonestman.Hecan’t/couldn’thavestolenthemoney.IwenttoQingdaolastmonth.Youcan’t/couldn’thaveseenmeLastFriday.情态动词考点二：情态动词完成时意义3.may/mighthavedone“可能做过…”Thereisatrafficaccident.Someonemay/mighthavebeeninjured.Hisfaceturnsred.Hemay/mighthavedrunktoomuch.情态动词考点二：情态动词完成时意义4.couldhavedone“本可以做到…”(事实上没做到)

Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthedidn’tgooverhislessons.5.should/oughttohavedone“本应该做过…”(事实上没去做)

Youshouldhavestarted

earlier,butyoudidn’t.Ioughttohavehelpedhimout,butIwasbusy.情态动词考点二：情态动词完成时意义6.needn’thavedone“本不必要做…”

(事实上做了)

Youneedn’thavewoken

meupsoearly,fortodayisSunday.7.didn’tneedtodo“本不必要做…”(事实上也没去做)

Ididn’tneedto

dothewashing-up.Mymomdidit.情态动词考点二：情态动词完成时意义一般过去时或现在完成时,由时间状语决定。Hemusthaveattendedtheconcert,__________?Hemusthaveattendedtheconcertyesterday,__________?hasn’the

didn’the注意：反意疑问句Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI_____thejourneyinexactlytwodays.(2005-57)A.mustmakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake_____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(2005-63)A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.should,haveD.Incase,hadLoudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone_____anopportunitytohearthespeech.(2006-56)A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhaveIamsurprised_____thiscityisadullplacetolivein.(2006-57)A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhichyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking“You_____borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend.(2007-53)A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.canCCDADShe_____fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.(2007-53)A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeenHadJudbeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_____muchbetterresultsnow.A.wouldbegetting