河北职业技术学院英语试卷及答案

第第#页，共6页河北职业技术学院成人教育考试试题学院： 专业： 行政班：姓名： 学号： 座位号： 密封线 题目第一题第二题第三题第四题第五题总分阅卷人得分PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids(小行星)now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteoroids(流星)thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddon’tthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandsofasteroidswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.Buy$50millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow.Thenspend$10millionayearforthenext25yearstolocatemostofthespacerocks.Bythetimewespotafatalone,thescientistssay,we’llhaveawaytochangeitscourse.Somescientistsfavorpushingasteroidsoffcoursewithnuclearweapons.Butthecostwouldn’tbecheap.Isitworthit?Twothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskre:1)Howlikelytheeventis;and2)Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs.ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstrikeEarthonceevery500,000years.Soundsprettyrare—butifonedidfall,itwouldbetheendoftheworld.“Ifwedon’ttakecareofthesebigasteroids,they’lltakecareofus,”saysonescientist.“It’sthatsimple.”Thecure,though,mightbeworsethanthedisease.DowereallywantfleetsofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth?“Theworldhaslesstofearfromdoomsday(毁灭性的)rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem,”saidaNewYorkTimesarticle.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutasteroidsandmeteoroids?Theyareheavenlybodiesdifferentincomposition.Theyareheavenlybodiessimilarinnature.Therearemoreasteroidsthanmeteoroids.Asteroidsaremoremysteriousthanmeteoroids.WhatdoscientistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth?Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.It’sstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.Whatdopeoplethinkofthesuggestionofusingnuclearweaponstoalterthecoursesofasteroids?Itsoundspracticalbutitmaynotsolvetheproblem.Itmaycreatemoreproblemsthanitmightsolve.ItisawasteofmoneybecauseacollisionofasteroidswithEarthisveryunlikely.Furtherresearchshouldbedonebeforeitisprovedapplicable.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat .whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworldasteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfuturetheworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetimeworkablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarthWhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthispassage?Optimistic.Critical.Objective.Arbitrary.PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Believeitornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons(人字形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest—curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.Thepassagemainlydiscusses .anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolanewpatternforpaintinghighwaysanewapproachtotrainingdriversanewtypeofopticalillusionOnroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat .theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardstheyaredrivinginthewronglanetheyshouldslowdowntheirspeedtheyareapproachingthespeedlimitTheadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer.cankeepdriversawakecancutroadaccidentsinhalfwillhavealongereffectondriverswilllookmoreattractiveTheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplanstotryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareaschangetheroadsignsacrossthecountryreplacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevronsrepeattheJapaneseroadpatternsWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads.Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.PassageThreeQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridership(客运量)alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.]Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2)।travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterested।inthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendeveloped|acampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,|relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressed|experiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures. .Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbe।enjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheiromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtarget।audiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwas|focusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicago|toSeattleroute. |What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?ToshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespectItospeedandconvenience.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardoficonvenience.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes. |ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridership|wasduetothefactthat. |trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation।B)trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformofItransportationtrainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobetrainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryand।convenienceToencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized,thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrainsthepracticalaspectsoftraintraveltheadventurousaspectsoftraintripsthesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintripsThetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause .theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencestheycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramstheirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percentmosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongthe

audiencesAccordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause .theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertiseditprovidedanexcitingtravelexperienceitspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoorsitwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattlePartIIClozeDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Inatelephonesurveyofmorethan2,000adults,21%saidtheybelievedthesunrevolved(旋转)aroundtheearth.An167%didnotknowwhichrevolvedaround17Ihavenodoubtthat18allofthesepeoplewere19inschoolthattheearthrevolvesaroundthesun;20mayevenhavewrittenit21atest.Buttheynever22theirincorrectmentalmodelsofplanetary(行星的) 23becausetheireverydayobservationsdidn'tsupport24theirteacherstoldthem:Peopleseethesun“moving”25theskyasmorningturnstonight,andtheearthseemsstationary(静止的) 26thatishappening.Studentscanlearntherightanswers27heartinclass,andyetnevercombinedthem28theirworkingmodelsoftheworld.Theobjectivelycorrectanswertheprofessoracceptsandthe29personalunderstandingoftheworldcan30sidebyside,eachunaffectedbytheother.Outsideofclass,thestudentcontinuestosuethe31modelbecauseithasalwaysworkedwell32thatcircumstance.Unlessprofessorsaddress33