动名词九大典型用法【基础梳理+考点探究】高考英语语法专项突破 （ 含答案解析 ）

高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练讲义动名词九大典型用法（解析版）讲义目录考点清单一、动名词作主语典型用法考点清单二：只接doing作宾语的动词归纳考点清单三：接todo/doing作宾语意义不同的动词归纳考点清单四：常考含介词to的动词短语归纳考点清单六：部分动名词主动形式表示被动意义考点清单七：动名词复合结构典型用法考点清单八：动名词作表语和定语典型用法考点清单九：动名词的复杂形式归纳分层训练（一）高考真题分层训练（二）模拟试题分层训练（三）单句改错分层训练（四）句式升级（书面表达）分层训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）分层训练（六）好题快递（最新模拟）考点清单一、动名词作主语典型用法要点精讲：1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于Itisnouse/goodcomplaining。抱怨无济于事。3.Thereisnodoing…是固定句型，如：Thereisnodenyingthatcoffeeisnotforeveryone.不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.__________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2.It’snogood_________(regret)yourpastmistakes.3.________________(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.【答案与解析】1.Walking。动名词短语直接作主语，泛指一种行为。故答案是Walking。2.regretting。Itisnouse/gooddoingsth。是固定句型，动名词是真正主语。故答案是regretting。3.Beingexposed。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；beexposedtosth是固定词组。故答案是Beingexposed。考点清单二：只接doing作宾语的动词归纳谐音妙记：mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的:mind/miss,enjoy/escape,consider,avoid/appreciate/advocate/allow,risk,finish/forbid/fancy,imagine,practise/postpone,suggest,delay。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______(lose)thegoodopportunity.5.Sometimesstudentspostpone___________(do)theirhomeworkuntilthelastminute.【答案与解析】4.losing。riskdoing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。5.doing。postponedoing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。考点清单三：接todo/doing作宾语意义不同的动词归纳【妙记】frogshmt青蛙聪明：forget,remember/regret,goon,stop,can’thelp,mean,try。forgettodo忘记要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘记已经做过某事（已做）remembertodo记得将要做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得已经做过某事（已做）regrettodo遗憾去做某事（未做）regretdoing后悔做过某事（已做）goontodo继续做另一件事（对象变了）goondoing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）stoptodo停下来去做另一件事（对象变了）stopdoing停止做某事（对象不变）can’thelptodo不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事meantodo打算做某事（未做）meandoing意味着做某事（解释作用）trytodo努力做某事（不一定成功）trydoing尝试做某事（强调尝试和行动）【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.(2020全国I)“Notthatway,”mymomtried_________(stop)mebutfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn’tturnoutasIhadwished.7.Iremembered_________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.8.Becauseofmyillness,Ican’thelp_________(do)housework.Seeingmymothertakinggoodcareofme,Ican’thelp________(cry).9.(2015陕西)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton_________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.【答案与解析】6.tostop。trytodo努力做某事；trydoing尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是tostop。7.tolock。remembertodo表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是tolock。故答案是tolock。8.(to)do;crying。can’thelp(to)do表示“不能帮助做某事”；can’thelpdoing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是(to)do;crying。9.tothank。继续做另一件事（对象变了）；goondoing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）。根据语境，AnneBenedict先接受奖项，接着感谢那些帮助过自己的人们，应用goontodo。故答案是tothank。考点清单四：常考含介词to的动词短语归纳lookforwardto盼望某事getdownto着手beused/accustomedto习惯于stickto坚持payattentionto注意devote/commit/applyoneselfto致力于objectto反对beopposedto反对Whenitcomesto谈到……【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。10.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto___________(mark)thepapers?11.Thechildrenarelookingforwardto___________________(offer)Christmasgifts.12.Shehasdevotedallherlifeto__________(teach)thedisabledboy.【答案与解析】10.marking。getdowntodoing表示“着手做某事”，to是介词。故答案是marking。11.beingoffered。lookforwardto盼望某事，to是介词；结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是beingoffered。12.teaching。devoteoneselfto致力于，to是介词。故答案是teaching。考点清单五：常考省略介词类动词短语spend…(in)doing花费时间做某事；waste…(in)doing浪费时间做某事；bebusy/occupied(in)doing忙于做某事；prevent/stop…(from)doing阻止某人做某事；haveahardtime(in)doing做某事有困难；havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难；Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doing做……没有用；Thereisnoharm(in)doing不妨做某事；havefun(in)doing做……开心。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________(pass)theexam.14.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek______(watch)TV.15.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubleshehad__________(raise)thefourchildren.【答案与解析】13.passing。haveahardtime(in)doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。14.watching。spend…(in)doing花费时间做某事，介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。15.raising。havetrouble(in)doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。考点清单六：部分动名词主动形式表示被动意义want/need/requiredoing=tobedone需要做某事；beworthdoing=beworthyofbeingdone值得做；deservedoing=deservetobedone值得做。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16.Aftertheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed___________/_______________(repair).17.Thenewfilmyoureferredtothismorningdeserves__________(see)again.【答案与解析】16.repairing/toberepaired。want/need/requiredoing=tobedone需要做某事。故答案是repairing/toberepaired。17.seeing/tobeseen。deservedoing=deservetobedone值得做，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是seeing。考点清单七：动名词复合结构典型用法要点精讲：1.标准用法:①名词所有格+doing(如Jane’sdoing);如IinsistonMary'sgoingthere.我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。②形容词物主代词+doing(如herdoing);作主语、表语或宾语。如Hicominghomelateworrieshisother.他来晚让妈妈很担忧。Ihadnotheardofyourbeingill.我没听说你病了。2.省略用法:名词普通格+doing(Janedoing);宾格+doing作表语或宾语(medoing)。如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.代夫并不反对我偶尔吃一点肉。Iinsistonbothofthemcomingintime.我坚持要他们两人准时来。DoyourememberMaryandhermothercomingtoseeuslastyear?你还记得玛丽和她妈妈去年来看我们吗？【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。18.DoyoumindJane_______________(leave)aloneathome?19.Sheneverdreamedofthere________(be)achanceforhertogoabroadforfurtherstudies.20._______________(汤姆拒绝)toaccepttheinvitationupsetme.【答案与解析】18.beingleft。leavesbalone把某人单独留下；doyouminddoing…?是固定句型。故答案是beingleft。19.being。dreamofdoing梦想做某事；therebeing…这里作介词宾语。故答案是being。20.Tom’srefusing。根据语境这里需要一个动名词作主语，Tom’srefusing…构成动名词复合结构作主语。故答案是Tom’srefusing。考点清单八：动名词作表语和定语典型用法要点精讲：动名词作表语时主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.=BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.awalkingstick＝astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalkingawashingmachine=amachineforwashing考点清单九：动名词的复杂形式归纳动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式（以动词find为例）内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式findingbeingfoundnotfinding完成式havingfoundhavingbeenfoundnothavingfound（一般式）Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?你介意我打开窗户吗？（完成式）Iapologizeforhavingbrokenmypromise.我没有遵守诺言，我道歉。（被动式）Icouldnolongerstandbeingtreatedlikethat.我再也不能忍受被那样对待。（完成被动式）ShewasproudofhavingbeentrainedintheU.K.在英国受过训，她感到自豪。（否定式）Jack'snotgettingthestationontimemadeusworried.杰克没有准时到达车站使我们很担忧。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。21.Theyinsistedon_____________(give)anotherchancetotry.22.__________________(injure)inthelegmadeitimpossibleformetowalkasfastasusual.23.---Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?---Yes.Theyareaccustomedto______________(talk)atmeals.24.Idon'tappreciate_________________(treat)asasecond-classcitizen.25.WhatIhatemostis________________(laughat)byothers.【答案与解析】21.beinggiven。insistondoing表示“坚持做某事”，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是beinggiven。22.Beinginjured。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；beinjuredin…是固定词组。故答案是Beinginjured。23.nottaking。beused/accustomedto习惯于；结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是nottaking。24.beingtreated。appreciatedoing…表示“感激做某事”，根据语境这里还是被动意义。故答案是。25.beinglaughed。结合语境空白处需要动名词作表语，又是被动含义。故答案是。beinglaughed。分层训练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。1.(2022全国甲)Iwasunwillingtotalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnot___________(stay)outwithmyfriendstoolate.2.(2021全国甲)After____________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!3.(2021全国乙)Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:Minimizetheimpactof____________(visit)theplace.4.(2020新高考)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor____________(walk)througharainforest.5.(2019全国I)Scientistshaverespondedby________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.6.(2019全国II)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for____________(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.7.(2018天津改编)Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp__________(try)it.8.(2018全国I)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlongtoseethebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof____________(die)earlybyrunning.9.(2018全国II)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.10.(2018浙江)Istillremember_________(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.【答案】1.staying2.spending3.visiting4.walking5.noting6.being7.toeat;trying8.dying9.looking10.visiting分层训练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---________(lose)hernewbicycle.12.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_____________(catch).13.Don’tforget_______________(post)theletterformewhenyoupassbythepostoffice.14.Attentionmustbepaidto_______________(develop)theeducationinthewest.15.Ifeellike__________(take)alongwalk.Wouldyoulike_________(go)withme?16.I’mconsidering_______(buy)aniPad,whichisconsidered___________(be)ausefultool.17.Hethinksthefilmisworth____________againbutIthinkitisn’tworthy________________(see).18.Sheusedto____________(be)shybutnowsheisusedto___________(speak)bravelyinpublic.19.Idon’tallow___________(smoke)hereandIdon’tallowmyfamily____________(smoke)atall.20.ChinahastakenstepstopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom______________(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.【答案】11.Losing12.beingcaught13.topost14.developing15.taking;togo16.buying;tobuy17.seeing;tobeseen18.be;speaking19.smoking;tosmoke20.beingattacked分层训练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21.(2021全国甲)Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.22.(2018全国I)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.23.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedrestonabigrock.24.I’llneverforgetbeleftinalonelyhousewhenIwassmall.25.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term

rest.26.Thepresidentattendingthemeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.27.IstillremembertakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.28.Jimcominglateagainthismorningmadehisheadteacherveryangry.29.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutrecognized.30.Understandyourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.【答案】21.talk改为talking22.sell改为selling23.rest前加to24.be改为being25.rest改为resting26.president改为president’s27.taken前加being28.Jim改为Jim’s29.without后加being30.Understand改为Understanding分层训练（四）句式升级书面表达升级：根据提示用动名词翻译下列各句。31.他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。(bear)32.这问题远远没有解决。(far)33.不经允许不要进来。(without)34.在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。(operate)35.错过这趟火车意味着再等两小时。(mean)36.长时间看电视有损视力。(harm)37.

勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(infect)38.我们必须阻止他犯同样的错误。(prevent)39.我已经习惯在手机上看新闻了。(accustom)40.我很遗憾地说我所有的努力都白费了。(regret)【答案】31.Hecouldnotbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.32.Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.33.Don’tcomeinwithoutbeingpermitted/permission.34.Youcan'teatanythingbeforebeingoperatedon.35.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanothertwohours.36.WatchingTVforalongtimedoesharmtoone’seyes.37.Washinghandsregularlyisoneoftheeffectivewaystoavoidbeinginfectedbydiseases.38.Wemuststophimfrommakingthesamemistake.39.Ihavegotaccustomedtoreadingthenewsfrommycellphone.40.Iregrettosaythatallmyeffortswereinvain.分层训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）热点话题：刘畊宏健身背后故事体裁：说明文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。EversincejoiningChina’sfitnesscraze,singerandcomposerLiuGenghong41(do)wellforhimselfintermsofhissocialmediafollowing.Inrecentnews,Liu’sworkoutlivestreamonDouyinhastakentheinternet42storm.DatashowsthathisDouyinaccounthasgainedmorethan10millionfollowersinthepastmonth.BestknownasthefatherofPuff(hisdaughter’snickname),43participatedinthevarietyshowWhereAreWeGoing,Dad?,thebuffcelebritymakeshisenthusiasmforfitnessknownby44(public)showinghismuscles.HeeventrainshiscelebrityfriendsJayChou.Inhislivestreams,Liuandhiswifeappear___45___(energy),friendly,happyandsuperfit.Theyexerciseanddancetoup-beatsongswhileexplainingandshowingtheirmoves,oftenencouragingthosetoparticipatefromtheirownlivingrooms.AlthoughLiu’sdancemoveslooksimple,theyareoftentoointenseforhisaudience46(follow).ThemainreasonforthisisLiu’scarefully47(choose)playlist:JayChousongsoftenserveashisbackgroundmusic.Oneofhismost-watchedfitnessroutinesissetto‘HerbalistManual’(《本草纲目》)fromJayChou’salbum.Onenetizenjoked.“Iwanttoslap(拍)mylegwheneverIhear48songnow.”Somenetizensadmitted49switchingtheirfitnessidolPamelaReiftoLiu,withsomeevencalling50(they)‘LiuGenghongboysorgirls.’【答案】41.hasdone42.by43.who44.publicly45.energetic46.tofollow47.chosen48.the49.switching50.themselves【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了最近网络上LiuGenghong非常火爆，很多人在屏幕前跟着他一起健身的新闻故事。41.hasdone。考查时态。句意：自从带起中国的健身热潮以来，歌手兼作曲家LiuGenghong在社交媒体上俘获大量粉丝。根据时间状语Eversince可知，此处应用现在完成时态；主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填hasdone。42.by。考查介词。句意：在最近的新闻中，LiuGenghong在抖音上的健身直播火爆了全网。take...bystorm“使火爆，掀起一股……热潮”为固定搭配。故填by。43.who。考查定语从句。句意：LiuGenghong最出名的身份是——Puff(他女儿的昵称)的父亲，他参加了综艺节目《爸爸去哪儿》，这位健美艺人通过公开展示肌肉来表达他对健身的热情。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Puff，关系代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语，指代人。故填who。44.publicly。考查副词。句意：LiuGenghong最出名的身份是——Puff(他女儿的昵称)的父亲，他参加了综艺节目《爸爸去哪儿》，这位健美艺人通过公开展示肌肉来表达他对健身的热情。修饰非谓语动词showing用副词。故填publicly。45.energetic。考查形容词。句意：在直播中，Liu和他的妻子显得活力四射，友好快乐，超级健康。根据前文系动词appear可知，此处用其形容词作表语。故填energetic。46.考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管他的跳跃动作看起来很简单，但常常因强度大，导致网友跟不上。分析可知，此处为“主语+be+形容词+todo”结构，其中不定式的主动形式表被动意义，其逻辑宾语为句子的主语。故填tofollow。47.tofollow。考查非谓语动词。句意：主要原因是LiuGenghong精心选择的播放列表：周杰伦的歌曲经常作为他的背景音乐。此处为非谓语，动词choose和后文名词playlist之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语。故填chosen。48.the。考查冠词。句意：现在我一听到这首歌就想拍拍腿。根据句意可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the限定名词song，特指上文所说的歌曲《本草纲目》。故填the。49.switching。考查动名词用法。admitdoing表示“承认做某事”。故答案是switching。50.themselves。考查反身代词。句意：一些网友承认他们的健身偶像从PamelaReif转向了Liu，有些人甚至称自己为“LiuGenghong男孩或LiuGenghong女孩”。根据句意可知，动词calling的动作对象是其逻辑主语some自身，故用其反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。分层训练（六）好题快递一、阅读理解C【2023届四川省内江市高三上学期零模英语试题】Famousforitstolerance(宽容)aswellasitsnarrowhousesandbroadcanals(运河),Amsterdamisundergoingachangeofattitudewhenitcomestothemillionsoftouriststhatcometoseeiteachyear.TolerancehasreacheditslimitsinthecapitalofDutch,whichisnowactivelyurgingvisitorstoheadelsewhere.EllenvanLoon,apartneratDutcharchitecturalfirmOMAsays,“Wedon’twanttoturnintoaVenice.WhiletourismearnstheDutcheconomyaround82billionEurosayear,theproblemwearecurrentlyfacingisthatAmsterdamissolovedbytourists,wejusthavesomanycomingtothecity.”Netherlandstouristofficialsrecentlytookthedecisiontostopadvertisingthecountryasatouristdestination.Their“Perspective2030”report,publishedearlierthisyear,statedthatthefocuswillnowbeon“destinationmanagement”ratherthan“destinationpromoting”.Thedocumentalsodescribesthecountry’sfuturestrategy,acknowledgingthatAmsterdam’slivabilitywillbeseverelyinfluencedby“visitoroverload”ifactionisn’ttaken.Solutions(解决办法)listedincludeworkingtodiscouragegroupsofvisitorsbyeitherlimitingorcompletelyshuttingdownaccommodationandentertainmentproductsaimedatthem,aswellasspreadingvisitorstootherpartsoftheNetherlands.Someofthesemeasureshavealreadycomeintoplay.Lastyear,thefamous“IAmsterdam”signwasremovedfromoutsidetheRijksmuseum,thecity’smainartgallery.Thetwo-meterhighlettershavebeenmovedtovarious“lesser-knownneighborhoods”inordertoenticetravelerstoleavethecenterofthecity.Butwillthemeasuresbeingputinplacebeenoughtosaveitfrombeingdamagedbyitsownsuccess?Likemanyotherlocals,VanLoonfearsAmsterdamhaslostitsuniquenessforever.“Thereasontouristscomehereisthatthere’ssomethinginthecharacterofAmsterdamtheylove,”sheexplains.“Butatacertainpoint,whenthenumberoftouristsisincreasingandincreasing,theyactuallykillwhattheylovedinthefirstplace.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2indicate?A.Amsterdamdoesn’tnecessarilycopyVenice.B.VenicedoesmorepoorlythanAmsterdam.C.AmsterdamismorepopularthanVenice.D.Veniceissufferingfromover-tourism.29.WhydidAmsterdamadvisevisitorstoheadelsewhere?A.Toavoidmuchspendingoncitymanagement.B.Toturnthefocusondestinationpromoting.C.Topromotethedevelopmentofotherareas.D.Toreduceitspressureofmassvisitors.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordenticeinparagraph4mean?A.Promise. B.Persuade. C.Inform. D.Allow.31.What’sVanLoon’sattitudetothemeasure?A.Skeptical. B.Intolerant. C.Ambiguous. D.Positive.【答案】28.D29.D30.B31.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述因为游客过多让阿姆斯特丹面临了很大的压力，因此当局采取了相应的措施。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“WhiletourismearnstheDutcheconomyaround82billionEurosayear,theproblemwearecurrentlyfacingisthatAmsterdamissolovedbytourists,wejusthavesomanycomingtothecity.(虽然旅游业每年为荷兰经济带来约820亿欧元的收入，但我们目前面临的问题是，阿姆斯特丹深受游客的喜爱，来这里的游客实在太多了)”，可知，虽然荷兰每年从旅游业上给经济带来了很大受益，但是却又承受了因为游客多而带来的问题。所以“Wedon’twanttoturnintoaVenice.(我们不想变成威尼斯)”，言外之意是威尼斯正遭受旅游过度之苦。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“WhiletourismearnstheDutcheconomyaround82billionEurosayear,theproblemwearecurrentlyfacingisthatAmsterdamissolovedbytourists,wejusthavesomanycomingtothecity.(虽然旅游业每年为荷兰经济带来约820亿欧元收入，但我们目前面临的问题是，阿姆斯特丹深受游客的喜爱，来这里的游客实在太多了)”和第三段“Their“Perspective2030”report,publishedearlierthisyear,statedthatthefocuswillnowbeon“destinationmanagement”ratherthan“destinationpromoting”.Thedocumentalsodescribesthecountry'sfuturestrategy,acknowledgingthatAmsterdam'slivabilitywillbeseverelyinfluencedby“visitoroverload”ifactionisn'ttaken.(他们今年早些时候发布的“2030年展望”报告指出，现在的重点将是“目的地管理”，而不是“目的地推广”。该文件还描述了该国未来的战略，承认如果不采取行动，阿姆斯特丹的宜居性将受到“游客超载”的严重影响)”，可知，因为游客过多导致阿姆斯特丹面临了很多的压力。因此当局建议游客去别的地方以减少大量游客的压力。故选D。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Lastyear,thefamous“IAmsterdam”signwasremovedfromoutsidetheRijksmuseum,thecity'smainartgallery.Thetwo-meterhighlettershavebeenmovedtovarious“lesser-knownneighborhoods”inordertoenticetravelerstoleavethecenterofthecity.(去年，著名的“IAmsterdam”标志被从该市主要美术馆Rijksmuseum外拆除。这两米高的字母已被转移到各种“鲜为人知的社区”，以便entice游客离开市中心)”，结合本段主要讲述阿姆斯特丹为了减轻过度旅游带来的压力的措施，可知这样做的目的是为了说服游客离开市中心。因此可以推断entice表示“说服”之意。Persuade“说服”符合题意。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butwillthemeasuresbeingputinplacebeenoughtosaveitfrombeingdamagedbyitsownsuccess?Likemanyotherlocals,VanLoonfearsAmsterdamhaslostitsuniquenessforever.“Thereasontouristscomehereisthatthere'ssomethinginthecharacterofAmsterdamtheylove,”sheexplains.(但是，正在实施的措施是否足以使其免受自身成功的损害？和许多其他当地人一样，VanLoon担心阿姆斯特丹永远失去了它的独特性。她解释说：“游客来这里的原因是，他们喜欢阿姆斯特丹的特色。”)”，可知，VanLoon对此事表示担心。因此对于这些措施他表示怀疑的态度。Skeptical“怀疑的”符合题意。故选A。D【2022届湖南师范大学附属中学高考适应性考试英语试卷】Gettingstitched(缝合)upbyDr.Robotmayonedaybereality.Scientistshavecreatedaroboticsystemwhichdidjustthatinlivinganimalswithoutarealdoctorpullingthestrings.Muchlikeengineersaredesigningself-drivingcars,themedicalresearchispartofamovetowardautonomoussurgicalrobots,removingthesurgeon’shandsfromcertaintasksthatamachinemightperformallbyitself.Doctorswouldn’tleavethebedsidethey’resupposedtowatch.Plusthey’dhandletherestofthesurgery.Insmalltestsusingpigs,theroboticarmperformedatleastaswell,andinsomecasesabitbetter,assomecompetingsurgeonsinstitchingtogetherintestinal(肠的)tissue.“Thepurposewasn’ttoreplacesurgeons,”saidDr.Kimwholedtheproject.“Ifyouhaveallintelligenttoolthatworkswithasurgeon,canitimprovetheoutcome?That’swhatwehavedone.”Ifyou’veheardaboutmachineslikethepopularDaVincisystem,youmightthinkrobotsalreadyareoperating.Notreally.Todaymanyhospitalsofferrobot-assistedsurgerywheresurgeonsusethemachineryastoolsthattheycontrolbyhandtooperatethroughtinyopeningsinthebody.Butrobot-assistedsurgeryhasbeencontroversial,assomestudieshaveshownitcanbringhighercostswithoutbetteroutcomes.Kim’steamatChildren’sSheikhZayedInstituteinventedthenewSTARsystem—itstandsforSmartTissueAutonomousRobot—workssortoflikeaprogrammablesewingmachine.Theyaddedsensorstohelpguideeachstitchandtellhowtightlytopull.Buttheapproachwasn’tperfect.Inthelivinganimals,therobottookmuchlongerandmadeafewstitchingmistakeswhilethesurgeonsewingbyhandmadenone.Kimsaidtherobotcanbespedup.Hehopestobeginhumanstudiesintwoorthreeyears.32.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewRoboticSystem B.ANew-styleWayofStitchingC.TheNewly-designedDriverlessVehicles D.RobotSurgeonsOneStepClosertoReality33.WhatwillsurgeonsdowhenDr.Robotisusedinsurgery?A.Theycanhelppullthestrings. B.Theyrestatthebedside.C.Theyjoininwhennecessary. D.Theyperformothersurgery.34.Whyaresomepeopleagainstusingrobotsinsurgery?A.Theycanbeoutofcontrol. B.Theytakelongertime.C.Theymaybeexpensivetouse. D.Theycausegreatpain.35.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Robotswilltaketheplaceofsurgeons. B.Robotswillbeimprovedbyscientists.C.Robotshaveperformedsurgeryonhumans. D.Robotsaredoingasgoodajobassurgeons.【答案】32.D33.C34.C35.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是机器人外科医生离现实更近一步。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Gettingstitched(缝合)upbyDr.Robotmayonedaybereality.Scientistshavecreatedaroboticsystemwhichdidjustthatinlivinganimalswithoutarealdoctorpullingthestrings.(也许有一天，机器人医生会帮你缝合伤口。科学家们已经发明了一种机器人系统，它可以在活体动物身上做到这一点，而无需真正的医生操纵)”以及全文内容可知，本文讲述的是机器人外科医生离现实更近一步。故D选项“机器人医生离现实又近了一步”最符合文章标题。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段开头“Doctorswouldn’tleavethebedsidethey’resupposedtowatch.Plusthey’dhandletherestofthesurgery.(医生不愿离开他们应该看护的病床。而且他们会处理剩下的手术)”和第三段中“Todaymanyhospitalsofferrobot-assistedsurgerywheresurgeonsusethemachineryastoolsthattheycontrolbyhandtooperatethroughtinyopeningsinthebody.(如今，许多医院都提供机器人辅助手术，外科医生使用机器作为工具，通过身体上的微小开口进行手工控制)”可知，医生在手术中会在必要时参与机器人的手术过程。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Butrobot-assistedsurgeryhasbeencontroversial,assomestudieshaveshownitcanbringhighercostswithoutbetteroutcomes.(但机器人辅助手术一直是有争议的，因为一些研究表明，如果没有更好的结果，它可以带来更高的成本)”可知，有些人反对在手术中使用机器人可能是因为使用机器人可能很昂贵，而结果并没有更好。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Inthelivinganimals,therobottookmuchlongerandmadeafewstitchingmistakeswhilethesurgeonsewingbyhandmadenone.Kimsaidtherobotcanbespedup.Hehopestobeginhumanstudiesintwoorthreeyears.(在活体动物身上，机器人花费的时间要长得多，而且还会出现几处缝合错误，而外科医生的手工缝合却没有任何错误。金说，机器人使用可以被加速。他希望在两到三年内开始人体研究)”可知，机器人医生已经在动物身上实验过了，存在一些问题，接下来会在人类身上实验，推测科学家未来会改进机器人。故选B。二、七选五【2023届四川省内江市高三上学期零模英语试题】Sometimesit’shardtofindtimetoexercise.Butinfact,whetheryou’reontheroad,atwork,orathome,youcanalwaysfindafewmorewaystoworkout.___36___Justtrainyourselftofindwaystofitinalittlefitness,andyou’llsoongaintherewards.___37___Whenyougotothestore,parkfarawayfromthedoorsoyoucanenjoyanicewalkonyourwaytotheshop.Whileyou’reshopping,lookforwaystoturnitintoaquickworkout.Ifyou’reshoppingonyourown,avoiddependingonyourcart,andtrytokeepyourpaceup.Anytimeyoufindyourselfwithsomethingheavyinyourhands,liftit.Thisworkswithcannedfood,grocerybags,backpacks,andanythingtheleastbitheavy.___38___Ifyouprefer,raiseyourarmoveryourheadandloweryourhandbehindyourheadrepeatedly.Playingwithkidsandpetsisalsoagreatwaytogetaworkout.Thesamegoesfordancing,skating,andgamesliketennis,pingpong,basketball,andsoftball.___39___Jointhem!You’llgetasurprisingworkoutandhavealotoffunatthesametime.___40___Youcandosuchmovingacrosstheroom.Ifyou’renearawall,tryawallsitwithyourbackpressedagainstthewallandyourlegsbent.Stayinthatpositionaslongasyoucan.Dothiseverydayandyou’lldeveloprealstrength.A.Whenyou’reseatedduringlongjourney,whynotstandup?B.Thebiggestchangeyouhavetomakeisinyourattitude．C.Ifyourkidsliketoplaygames,don’tjustsitandwatch．D.Whenyouhaveasparemoment,whynotdoleglifts?E.Asyougoaboutyourday,lookforchancestowalk.F.Themainproblemisthatyouhavenofreetime．G.Ifitiseasy,thendosomemore．【答案】36.B37.E38.G39.C40.D【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了挤出时间参加锻炼的几种方法。【36题详解】上文“Sometimesit’shardtofindtimetoexercise.Butinfact,whetheryou’reontheroad,atwork,orathome,youcanalwaysfindafewmorewaystoworkout.”是两个对比的观点：有时候难以找到锻炼时间，而实际上不管在干什么，总是能找到锻炼的方法。可见关键在于态度的转变。因此推断B项“你必须做出最大改变的是你的态度。”符合语境，故选B项。【37题详解】下文“Whenyougotothestore,parkfarawayfromthedoorsoyoucanenjoyanicewalkonyourwaytotheshop.Whileyou’reshopping,lookforwaystoturnitintoaquickworkout.Ifyou’reshoppingonyourown,avoiddependingonyourcart,andtrytokeepyourpaceup.(当你去商店的时候，把车停在离门很远的地方，这样你就可以在去商店的路上好好散步了。当你购物的时候，寻找把它变成快速锻炼的方法。如果你自己购物，避免依赖你的手推车，并努力保持你的步伐。)”介绍了如何寻找机会步行锻炼，E项“当你每天四处走动时，找机会散步”中的walk“步行”在该段中多次出现。故选E项。【38题详解】上文“Anytimeyoufindyourselfwithsomethingheavyinyourhands,liftit.Thisworkswithcannedfood,grocerybags,backpacks,andanythingtheleastbitheavy.(当你发现手里有什么东西很重的时候，把它举起来。这适用于罐装食品、购物袋、背包和任何稍微重一点的东西。)”说明可以利用手中较重的东西来锻炼，G项中的it指代此处说的“利用手中的重物锻炼”，下文“Ifyouprefer,raiseyourarmoveryourheadandloweryourhandbehindyourheadrepeatedly.(如果你愿意，举起你的手臂在你的头上，把你的手放在你的头后面。)”是在把重物举起来后的进一步的锻炼，G项“如果很容易，那就多做一些”中的“dosomemore”引出下文。故选G项。【39题详解】下文“Jointhem!You’llgetasurprisingworkoutandhavealotoffunatthesametime.（加入他们！你会得到一个令人惊讶的锻炼，同时有很多乐趣。）”中谈到要“要参与他们”,这与C项“如果你的孩子喜欢玩游戏，不要只是坐着看。”表达一致，且上文“Playingwithkidsandpets”提到的就是与孩子们玩耍。故选C项。【40题详解】根据下文“Youcandosuchmovingacrosstheroom.Ifyou’renearawall,tryawallsitwithyourbackpressedagainstthewallandyourlegsbent.(你可以这样穿过房间。如果你靠近一堵墙，试着用你的背压在墙上，你的