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千里之行,始于足下。第2页/共2页精品文档推荐高考阅读明白训练及答案高考阅读明白训练
第一组
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ProtestsattheuseofanimalsinresearchhavetakenanewandfearfulcharacterinBritainwiththeattemptedmurderoftwoBritishscientistsbytheterroristtechniqueofthepre-plantedcar-bomb.
Theresearchcommunitywillrightlybealarmedatthesedevelopments,whichhavetwoobjectives:toarousepublicattentionandtofrightenpeopleworkinginresearchwithanimals.Thefirstneedisthateverythingshouldbedonetoidentifythoseresponsibleforthecrimesandtoputthemontrail.TheDefenceResearchSocietyhastakenthepracticalstepofofferingarewardof10,000poundsforinformationleadingtothoseresponsible,butpastexperienceisnotencouraging.Peopleareunlikelytobetemptedbysuchoffers.Theprofessionalpolicewillsimilarlybeconfrontedbytheusualproblemoffindinganeedleinahaystack.
Thatiswhytheintellectual(知识分子)communityinBritainandelsewheremustactmorevigorouslyinitsowndefence.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetaken,ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizationsthatexistwiththedeclaredobjectivesofsafeguardingtheinterestsofanimalsthattheyshoulddeclareclearlywheretheystandonviolencetowardspeople.Anditwillnotbeenoughforthechairmenandchairwomenoftheseorganizationstoutterplacatory(安抚的)statementsonbehalfofalltheirmembers.Thesepeopleshouldalsoundertakethatitwillbeatestofcontinuingmembershipintheirorganizationsthatmembersandwouldbemembersshoulddeclarethattheywilltakenopartinactsofviolenceagainsthumanbeings.Evensuchundertakingswouldnotbefullyeffective:people,afterall,canlie.Butatleasttheywoulddistinguishtheorganizationsentitledtoacontinuingvoiceinthedialoguewiththeresearchcommunityabouttherightsofanimalsinresearchfromtheorganizationsthatdeservenosay.
21.Thewords“thesedevelopments”(Para.2,Line1)mostprobablyreferto________.
A)theactsofviolenceagainstscientists
B)theuseofanimalsinresearch
C)thetechniquesofplantingbombsincars
D)theestablishmentofnewanimalprotectionorganization
22.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A)Thepoliceabandonedtheireffortstofindthecriminals.
B)Theterroristsescapedwiththehelpoftheirorganizations.
C)TheattemptedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.
D)PeoplesympathizedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.
23.Theauthor’spurposeinwritinghisarticleistodemandthatanimal-protectingorganizations________.
A)declaretheirobjectivesclearly
B)giveuptheuseofviolence
C)continuethedialoguewiththescientificcommunity
D)helptofindthoseresponsiblefortheattemptedmurder
24.Intheauthor’sopinion________.
A)sincepeoplecanlie,theproblemabouttheirrightsofscientistscan’tbesolved
B)animal-protectingorganizationsaboutbeheldresponsibleforactsofviolenceagainst
scientists
C)animalprotectionorganizationsshouldbedeclaredillegal
D)thescientistsshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselves
25.Whatdoestheword“they”(Para.3,Line3)referto?
A)Theanimal-protectingorganizations.
B)Theorganizationsthatwilltalkwiththeresearchcommunity.
C)Thosewhosupporttheuseofanimalsinresearch.
D)Thosewhosupporttheanimal-protectionorganizations.
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Theearliertypeofsuburb,whichwasmostdependentontherailroad,hadaspecialadvantagethatcouldbefullyappreciatedonlyafterithaddisappeared.Thesesuburbs,spreadoutalongarailroadline,werediscontinuousandproperlyspaced;andwithouttheaidoflegislation(法规)theywerelimitedinpopulationaswellasarea;forthebiggestrarelyheldasmanyastenthousandpeople,andunderfivethousandwasmoreusual.In1950,forexample,Bronxville,NewYork,atypicalupper-classsuburb,had6,778people,whileRiverside,Illinois,foundedasearlyas1869,hadonly9.153.
Thesizeandscaleofthesuburb,thatofneighborhoodunit,wasnotentirelytheresultofitsopenplanning,whichfavoredlowdensities.Beingservedbyarailroadline,withstationstopsfromthreetofivemilesapart,therewasanaturallimittothespreadofanyparticularcommunity.Househadtobesited“withineasywalkingdistanceoftherailroadstation,”assomeoldresidentswouldpointout;andonlythosewealthyenoughtoaffordahorseandacarriagedaredtopenetratefartherintotheopencountry.
Throughitsspacedstationstops,therailroadsuburbwasatfirstkeptfromspreadingorexcessivelyincreasinginnumbers,foranaturalgreenbelt,oftenstillundercultivationaspark,gardens,remainedbetweenthesuburbsandincreasedtheavailablerecreationarea.Occasionally,inafewhappyareaslikeWestchester,between1915and1935aparkway,liketheBronxRiverparkway,accompaniedbycontinuousstripofparkforpedestrian(散步的人)use,notyetoverrunbyaconstantstreamofurbantraffic,addedtotheperfectionofthewholesuburbanpattern.WhateveronemightsayofthesocialdisadvantagesthiswasinmanywaysaperfectphysicalenviroXXXent.Butitlastedlessthanageneration.
26.Whatwasthespecialadvantageoftheoldtypeofsuburb?
A)Itsnearnesstotherailroad.
B)Thevastnessofitsopenspace.
C)Itssmallsizeinareaandpopulation.
D)Thehighsocialstatusofitsresidents.
27.Thesizeoftheoldsuburbwaslimitedbecause________.
A)peoplewantedtoliveneararailroadstation
B)itwasoriginallyplannedbyrailroadcompanies
C)therewasalawgoverningthesizeofthesuburb
D)localinhabitantsdidn’tliketooutinthecountry
28.“Happyareas”(Para.3,Line3)wereareaswhere________.
A)lifewasenjoyedbyeveryone
B)moreroadswerebuilttobypasstheheavytraffic
C)agreenbeltwasavailablesolelyforrecreation
D)peoplecouldhavelotsoffun
29.Itisevidentthatthewriter________.
A)findsurbanlifeuncomfortable
B)preferslifeinthecountryside
C)feelsdisappointedinthechangesofsuburbs
D)advocatestheideaofreturningtonature
30.Thetopicdiscussedinthepassageis“________”.
A)thesizeandscaleofsuburbanneighborhoodunits
B)theadvantageofold-typesuburbs
C)thelocationofrailroadstations
D)theconceptofthesuburbanpattern
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.
Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.
Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.
Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessor:oneisthetimeneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.
Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.
31.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?
A)Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.
B)Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.
C)Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.
D)Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.
32.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause________.
A)researchimprovesthequalityofteaching
B)studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors
C)itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively
D)professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough
33.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?
A)Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.
B)Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.
C)Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.
D)Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.
34.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do________.
A)teaching
B)fieldwork
C)scientificresearch
D)investigation
35.Thephrase“theproblem”(Para.5,Line3)refersto________.
A)raisingthestatusofteaching
B)thecombinationofteachingwithresearch
C)theseparationsofteachingfromresearch
D)improvingthestatusofresearch
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappenedtobethatputuponmemberofsociety-acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreI’mconvincedthatthingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeanewmotto(座右铭)fortheso-called‘service’organization-StaffBeforeService.Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherearen’tenoughstaffondutyatalltheservicecounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletoincreasecounterstaff.Yetsupermarkets,hintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatbringingalltheircashregistersintooperationatanytimewouldincreaseexpenses.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicecounterstobeoccupied‘attimeswhendemandislow’.
It’sthesamewithhotels.Becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceisdiminished.Asforusguests(andhowthemeaningofthatwordhasbeencutawaylittlebylittle),wejusthavetoputupwithit.There’salsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeengraduallywithdrawnfromserviceintheinterestsof‘efficiency’(fits)andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichsupply
everythingfrombeertomedicine,nottomentionthecreepingthreatofthetea-makingsetinyourroom:akettlewithteabags,milkbagssugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idon’t,especiallywhenIampayingfor‘service’.
Ouronlyhopeistohammerourirritationwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,restorethatother,oldersaying-TakeOurCustom(买卖)Elsewhere.
36.Theauthorfeelsthatnowadayscustomersare________.
A)notworthyofspecialtreatment
B)notprovidedwithproperservice
C)consideredtobeinferiormembersofsociety
D)regardedasprivileged
37.Intheauthor’sopinion,thequalityofserviceischangingbecause________.
A)thestaffarelessconsideratethanemployers
B)customersarebecomingmoredemanding
C)customersunwillingtopayextramoney
D)moreconsiderationisgiventothestaffthancustomers
38.Accordingtotheauthor,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby________.
A)thediminishingsupplyofgoodstaff
B)lackofcooperationamongstaff
C)inefficientstaff
D)deliberateunderstaffing
39.Thedisappearanceofold-stylehotelporterscanbeattributedtothefactthat________.
A)self-serviceprovidesacheaperalternative
B)thepersonaltouchislessappreciatednowadays
C)machinesaremorereliablethanhumanbeings
D)fewpeoplearewillingtodothistypeofwork
40.Theauthor’sfinalsolutiontotheproblemdiscussedinthepassageis________.
A)toputupwithwhateverserviceisprovided
B)tomakestrongcomplaintswherevernecessary
C)tofullyutilizeallkindsofcoin-eatingmachines
D)togowheregoodserviceisavailable
第二组
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents,“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesterUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.
Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahigh
divorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.
Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy(别受干扰的日子).Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated(约会),soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’house.”
Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.
21.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.________.
A)foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependently
B)formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents
C)formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence
D)foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents
22.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?
A)Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.
B)Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.
C)Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.
D)Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.
23.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat________.
A)therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife
B)mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeep
C)theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparents
D)publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents
24.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans________.
A)agreements
B)worries
C)disadvantages
D)quarrels
25.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?
A)Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.
B)Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.
C)Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.
D)Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thewordconservationhasathrifty(节俭)meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“limitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.
Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.
Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable(水位)inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds(上游源头森林地带集水区)needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.
26.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis________.
A)positive
B)neutral
C)suspicious
D)critical
27.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat________.
A)theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry
B)theyhadlittleornosenseofenviroXXXentalprotection
C)theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy
D)theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials
28.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn’trealize________.
A)theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings
B)theimportanceoftheproperuseofland
C)theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods
D)thevalueofthebeautyofnature
29.Toavoidcorrectingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat________.
A)weplantmoretrees
B)naturalsciencebetaughttoeverybody
C)enviroXXXentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone
D)wereturntonature
30.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“livingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth”(Lines7-8,Para.3)?
A)Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.
B)Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.
C)Weneedtotakesomemeasuretoprotectspace.
D)Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic(流行病)ofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.
Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit(睡眠别脚)crisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,eightorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”
Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssayisthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogramme.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’regottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”
Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”
31.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad________.
A)nodriveandambition
B)noelectriclighting
C)thebestsleephabits
D)nothingtodointheevening
32.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans________.
A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife
B)oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit
C)donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly
D)cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep
33.ManyAmericansbelievethat________.
A)sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy
B)theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife
C)tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday
D)enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition
34.Theword“subjects”(Line1,Para.4)refersto________.
A)theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit
B)specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied
C)peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied
D)thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit
35.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto________.
A)improveone’smemorydramatically
B)beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople
C)maintainone’sdailyschedule
D)feelenergeticandperformadequately
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.
Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenviroXXXental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpres
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