高考英语一轮复习完形填空和阅读理解训练7(含解析)

高考英语完形和阅理一轮练习7完形填空Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbethemostfortunate.Atruefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.1teachesthatisright:Agoodfriendshipisnoteasily2.Itispossiblethatwesimplydonotstayinoneplacelongenoughfora3friendshiptodevelop.However,therecanbe4disagreementontheneedforeachofustothinkcarefullyaboutthekindsoffriendshipwe5.Tomostofus,6isconsideredveryimportant,butweneedtobeclearinour7aboutthekindsoffriendshipwewant.Aretheytobecloseor8atarm’slength?Dowewantto9ourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfaceare10enough—andthat’sallright.Butatsomepoint,weneedto11thatourexpectationsarethesameasourfriends’expectations.Thesharingofpersonalexperience12ourtearsaswellasourdarkdreamsisthesurestwaytodeepenfriendships.Butit13beundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyifthereare14ofinterestandactionsinreturn.Whataresomeofthe15offriendship?Thegreatestistheattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationships16time.Another“majordifficulty”istheselfishnesstothinkone“possesses”theother,includinghistimeandattention.Similarly,friendships17actionsinreturn.In18words,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareofthefriendship.Unlessyouspend19timetogether,talkingonthephone,andwritingletters,friendshipswilldie20.【文章粗心】人人都盼望友情。那么怎样才能培育和发展真实的友情呢?现实生活中,人与人之间的友情又经常面对哪些困难呢?该怎样战胜这些困难,让你和朋友们的友情不至于渐渐消逝呢?读完本文,你就会找到这些问题的答案。1.A.KnowledgeB.TeacherC.ExperienceD.Parent【分析】选C。逻辑推理题。由语境可知。“Atruefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”是由生活经验总结出来的。所以选Experience。B.formed1C.realizedD.produced【分析】选B。背景知识题。友情(friendship)是form(培育)出来的,而不是understand(理解),realize(实现)或produce(生产)的。B.commonC.deepD.actual【分析】选A。逻辑推理题。由上文的“Agoodfriendship”可知,此处应是atruefriendship“真实的友情”。B.someC.anyD.none【分析】选A。逻辑推理题。Thereisnodisagreementon...“在方面是没有分歧的”。B.getC.wantD.receive【分析】选C。逻辑推理题。由前文的need可判定这里应当选want,thekindsoffriendshipwewant“我们所想要的那种友情”;且下段有提示。B.friendshipC.wantD.receive【分析】选B。词汇复现题。全文向来在谈友情,下文也有示意。B.thoughtsC.actionsD.minds【分析】选B。词语辨析题。下边几句列举的都是想法,所以用thought“思想,想法”,指一般观点。mind指“思想,理智,注意力”。B.leftC.stayedD.kept【分析】选D。词语辨析题。这里表示的是“使友情保持必定距离(atarm’slength)”这一状态,只好用及物动词keep。B.oweC.shareD.spare【分析】选C。词汇复现题。依据下文的Thesharingofpersonalexperience可知。shareourselves“我们之间互相分享”。B.veryC.notD.quite【分析】选D。逻辑推理题。由下文的“andthat’sallright”可知,这里要表达的是必定的意思,quiteenough“足够”。B.rememberC.expectD.checkout【分析】选A。逻辑推理题。由上下文可知,保证(makesure)我们的希望值和朋友的期望值同样是获取友情的基础。B.orC.includingD.2besides【分析】选C。逻辑推理题。including表示包含。B.needC.willD.must【分析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意:(只管他人分享自己的经历能加深友情,)但这一活动一定(must)在对方表现出兴趣或有回报的活动等近似的迹象时才能慢慢进行。B.sightsC.scenesD.signs【分析】选D。词语辨析题。sign“征兆,迹象”。B.differencesC.advantagesD.things【分析】选A。词汇复现题。该部分叙述了发展友情的两大困难:theattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon和theselfishness,也能够从下边的Another“majordifficulty”获取启迪。B.spendC.askD.take【分析】选D。词语辨析题。上文提到发展友情最大的困难就是希望赶快获取太多的东西,也就是说像友情这样的深层关系需要时间,take“需要,花销”。spend也能够指花销时间,但主语应是表示人的词语。B.requestC.dependD.suggest【分析】选A。逻辑推理题。上文提到友情的第二大困难:自私,想据有对方的时间和注意力。所以要发展友情需要(require)有回报的行动。B.manyC.otherD.different【分析】选C。固定搭配题。“youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake”是对上句“friendshipsrequireactionsinreturn”的解说说明,所以用inotherwords,意思是“换句话说”。B.comfortableC.lessD.alot【分析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意:除非你们有足够的时间在一同、打电话、写信,你们的友情才不会停止。下文所列举的“talkingonthephone,andwritingletters”需要足够的时间去做,才能使友情持久不衰。B.awayC.outD.from【分析】选B。词语辨析题。dieaway事物渐渐消逝;慢慢变弱。diefor为而死;dieout灭绝;diefrom死于,均不切合句意。3阅读以下四篇短文，从每题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Nexttimeacustomercomestoyouroffice,offerhimacupofcoffee.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonline,makesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea.Thephysicalsensation(感觉)ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmth,whileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions—thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception(感知)ofanother’s“warmth”isapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.Judgingsomeonetobeeither“warm”or“cold”isaprimaryconsideration,eventrumpingevidencethata“cold”personmaybemorecapable.Muchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiences,Barghargues,whenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensations,particularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlow,publishedin1958,showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoacloth“mother”ratherthanonemadeofwire,evenwhenthewire“mother”carriedafoodbottle.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsof“warmth”and“coldness”insocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.Althoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendone,Barghsaysthatdescribingpeopleas“warm”or“cold”iscommontomanycultures,andstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.Totesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmth,Barghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses(假定),handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffee,oracolddrink,toholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform.Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.Afterthat,thestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityof“PersonA”basedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.“Wearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractly,”saysBargh.41.AccordingtoParagraph1,aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby.A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline2.TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat.A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontactC.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships3.InBargh’sexperiment,thestudentswereaskedto.A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Evaluation.C.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabits.D.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions.【参照答案】1—5、CBACD2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·新课标全国II】BYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces–andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayellow5orredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeuslesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclock–ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastat30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turningonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplantscaneasilymakesusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄取)jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout____.theirhomecomfortstheirbodyshapehousebuyinghealthydietsAhomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople____.digestfoodbetterreducefoodintakeburnmorecaloriesregaintheirappetitesWhatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?Eatquickly.PlayfastmusicUsesmallerspoonsTurndownthelights28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?WaysofServingDinnerEffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessIsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?【答案】25.B6B27.C28.AB推理判断题。依据全文第一段Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.可知，要让你的家的设计成为你减肥计划的一部分。所以这篇文章对那些在意自己的体型的人更有帮助。应选B。26.B细节理解题。依据第三段第二句话Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的食品相对在黄色或许红色房间少33%。暖色让人胃口大开，冷色让人感觉到不饿。应选B。28.A要旨粗心题。依据文章的开头Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.可知，你的家居环境既能够让你变胖也会让你变瘦。本文特别合适那些想减肥的人士来阅读。所以选A能够更好地归纳全文。【考点定位】科普类短文阅读【名师点睛】本文的构造清楚。主题句Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.在第一段，抓住就能够理清文章的脉络，接下来是4条建议，一段一条。题目中的第三题考察对文章的全面认识，并要求理解四个选项的意思才能做好。平常还应当多练习对文章构造的剖析。2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·新课标全国I】DConflictisonthemenutonightatthecaféLaChope.Thisevening,asonevery7Thursdaynight,psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance’sfavoritepastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn’talwayseasy.Theycustomers-somethirtyParisianswhopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persession-carequicktointellectualize(夸夸而谈)，slowtoopenupandconnect.“Youareforbiddentosay‘onefeels,’or‘peoplethink’,”Lehanetoldthem.“Say‘Ithink,’‘Thinkme’.”Acafésocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed?Itcouldn’tseemmoreun-French.ButLehanne’spsychologycaféisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:It’stryingtohelpthecity’stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle-longerworkinghours,afastfoodboomandayoungergeneration’sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.Thecity’spsychologycafes,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle-agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometosuchcafestotalkaboutlove,anger,anddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanne’sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“There’sastrongneedinParisforcommunication,”saysMauriceFrisch,acafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe’dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.“Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn’texist”,shesays,“Iflifeweren’tabattle,peo