合同翻译中英难句解析

感谢网友资源。本档特以解析，对照译文逐句拆分，以馈学友。一.hereby英文释义:bymeansof,byreasonofthis中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：TheEmployerherebycovenantstopaytheContractorinconsiderationoftheexecutionandcompletionoftheWorksandtheremedyingofdefectsthereintheContractPriceorsuchothersumasmaybecomepayableundertheprovisionsoftheContractatthetimeandinthemannerprescribedbytheContract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。注释:(1)hereby:byreasonofthis特此(2)covenant:v.makeaformalagreement立约,签订合同、条约;n.legalagreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completionoftheWorks:工程的竣工therein:intheWorks在本工程中theContractPrice:合同总价,指工程的总造价such...as:关系代词,相当于that,whichunder:inaccordancewith根据,按照theprovisionsoftheContract:termsandconditionsoftheContract合同条款例2：Weherebycertifytothebestofourknowledgethattheforegoingstatementistrueandcorrectandallavailableinformationanddatahavebeensuppliedherein,andthatweagreetoprovidedocumentaryproofuponyourrequest.注释：(1)hereby：特此(2)tothebestofourknowledge：asfarasweknow据我们所知(3)foregoingstatement：above-mentionedstatement上述声明(4)herein：inthis,inthestatement在声明中(5)documentaryproof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。例3：ThisContractisherebymadeandconcludedbyandbetweenCo.（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA）andCo.（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB）on（Date）,in（Place）,China,ontheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandthroughamicableconsultation.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA：以下称甲方（3）ontheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefit：在平等互利基础上（4）throughamicableconsultation：通过友好协商参考译文：本合同双方，公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于年月日在中国（地点），特签订本合同。例4：Thisagreementisherebymadeandenteredintoon（Date）,byandbetweenCo.China（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA）andCo.（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB）.注释：（1）thisagreementisherebymadeandenteredinto：特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign（make,concludeorenterinto）thisagreement,按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。（2）hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB：以下简称乙方参考译文：本协议特由中国公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）于年月日订立。二hereof英文释义:ofthis中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“theterms,conditionsandprovisionshereofhe're,o1这里示“ofthisContract”；又女口表示本工程的任何部分，可用“anypartshereof'here这里表示“ofthisWorks”。语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。hereof和thereof的区另U：hereof强调“ofthis例如，上面的“theterms,conditionsandprovisionsthereof”中的thereof表示oftheContract；anypartsthereof”中的Teof表示oftheWorks。例1WhetherthecustomofthePortiscontrarytothisClauseornot,theownerofthegoodsshall,withoutinterruption,bydayandnight,includingSundaysandholidays（ifrequiredbythecarrier）,supplyandtakedeliveryofthegoods,providedthattheownerofthegoodsshallbeliableforalllossesordamagesincludingdemurrageincurredindefaultontheprovisionshereof.注释：（1）WhetherthecustomofthePortiscontrarytothisClauseornot：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether…ornot:不论是否（2）theownerofthegoods：货方（3）withoutinterruption:无间断地（4）carrier:承运人（5）indefaultontheprovisionshereof:违反本款规定hereof:ofthisClause参考译文:不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。例2ForeigntradedealersasmentionedinthisLawshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionshereof,coversuchlegalentitiesandotherorganizationasareengagedinforeigntradedealings.注释:（1）foreigntradedealers:对外贸易经营者（2）asmentionedinthisLaw:本法所称（3）theprovisionshereof:theprovisionsofthisLaw本法规定（4）legalentity:法人（5）beengagedinforeigntradedealings:从事对外贸易经营活动参考译文:本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。例3TheestablishmentofalimitedliabilitycompanyoracompanylimitedbysharesshallcomplywiththeconditionsandprovisionsofthisLaw.Acompanycomplyingwiththeconditionsandprovisionshereofmayberegisteredasalimitedliabilitycompanyoracompanylimitedbyshares,providedthatifacompanyfailstocomplywiththeconditionsandprovisionshereof,thecompanyinquestionshallnotberegisteredasalimitedliabilitycompanyoracompanylimitedbyshares.注释:（1）alimitedliabilitycompany：有限责任公司（2）acompanylimitedbyshares：股份有限公司（3）provisionshereof：本法规定hereof:ofthisLaw（4）mayberegisteredas：登记为参考译文：设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司例4If,asaresultofwithdrawaloranyotherreasons,anarbitratorfailstoperformhisdutiesasanarbitrator,anotherarbitratorshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionshereof,beselectedorappointed.注释：（1）asaresultofwithdrawaloranyotherreasons：回避或者其它原因（2）arbitrator：仲裁员（3）theprovisionshereof：theprovisionsofthisLaw本法规定（4）beselectedorappointed：选定或指定参考译文：仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。例5IntheeventofconflictbetweentheprovisionsonarbitrationformulatedandpreparedpriortotheeffectivedateofthisLawandtheprovisionsofthisLaw,theprovisionshereofshallprevail.注释：（1）conflict：相抵触（2）priortotheeffectivedateofthisLaw：本法施行前（3）theprovisionshereofshallprevail：以本法为准hereof：ofthisLaw参考译文：本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。例6Where,inaccordancewithlaws,thecircumstance（s）specifiedinArticle15andArticle16ofthisLawis/areconfirmed,theorganizationwithcompensatoryobligationsshallpaycompensationinanyofthecircumstanceinquestion.WheretheclaimantforcompensationdemandstheconfirmationofoneofthecircumstancesspecifiedinArticle15andArticle16hereof,andthedemandedorganizationrefusestomaketheconfirmation,theclaimantshallhavetherighttolodgeacomplaint.Wheretheclaimantclaimscompensation,theclaim,shall,first,belodgedtotheorganizationforcompensatoryobligations.TheprovisionsofArticle10,Article11andArticle12hereofshallapplyto/intheproceduresofcompensation.注释：（1）theorganizationwithcompensatoryobligations：赔偿义务机关（2）shallpaycompensation：应当给予赔偿（3）theclaimantforcompensation：赔偿请求人（4）Article15andArticle16hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条hereof：ofthisLaw（5）shallhavetherighttolodgeacomplaint：有权申诉（6）claimscompensation：要求赔偿（7）applyto/in：适用MoreExamples:Thecommentappliesequallyhere./Thatargumentdoesnotapplyinthiscase./Thatappliestoatleastnine-tenthsofthepeopleweseeabout./Theseremarksapplytoeverytowninthiskingdom./Therulesofsafedrivingapplytoeveryone.参考译文：赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。例7IfanarbitratorinvolvedinoneofcircumstancesspecifiedinItem4,Article34ofthisLaw,andifitisserious,orthosespecifiedinItem6,Article58hereof,thearbitratorinquestionshall,inaccordancewiththelaw,bearthelegalliabilityandresponsibility.Thearbitrationcommissionshallremovethenameofthearbitratorinquestionfromthelistofarbitrators.注释：（1）arbitrator：仲裁员（2）Article58hereof：本法第五十八条hereof：ofthisLaw（3）bearthelegalliabilityandresponsibility：承担法律责任（4）thearbitrationcommission：仲裁委员会（5）removethenameofthearbitratorinquestionfromthelistofarbitrators：将其除名参考译文：仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。例8If,pursuanttothisLaw,therelevantresponsibleauthoritieswiththedutyofapprovalsfailtograntapprovaltosuchanapplicationasmeetstherequirementsandprovisionshereof,orthecompanyregistrationauthoritiesfailtoregisteracompanywhoseapplicationmeetstherequirementshereof,thepartyinquestionmay,inaccordancewithlaws,applyforreconsiderationorbringanadministrativesuit.注释：（1）therelevantresponsibleauthoritieswiththedutyofapprovals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门（2）meetstherequirementsandprovisionshereof：符合本法条件（3）thecompanyregistrationauthorities：负责公司登记的主管部门（4）therequirementshereof：本法条件hereof:ofthisLaw（5）applyforreconsideration：申请复议（6）bringanadministrativesuit：提起行政诉讼参考译文：依照本法，履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。例9ThisDecisionshallapplytothecrimescommittedagainstArticle9,Article10andArticle11hereofbythestaffandworkersofenterprisesotherthanlimitedliabilitycompaniesandcompanieslimitedbyshares.注释：（1）thecrimescommitted：犯罪行为（2）againstArticle9,Article10andArticle11hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定hereof:ofthisDecision

参考译文：有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。例10CompaniesregisteredandestablishedpriortotheeffectivedateofthisLawshall,inaccordancewithLaws,administrativeregulations,localregulationsandpursuanttothe“StandardOpiniononLimitedLiabilityCompanies”orthe“StandardOpiniononCompaniesLimitedbyShares”issuedbytherelevantresponsibledepartmentoftheStateCouncil,continuetoexist.ThosecompaniesnotcompletelysatisfyingtherequirementsofthisLawshall,withinthespecifiedtimelimit,meettherequirementshereof.SpecificmethodsforimplementationofthisLawwillbesetoutinseparateregulationsissuedbytheStateCouncil.注释：《有限”责：任公司规范意见》《股份”有：限公司规范意见》国务院有关主管部门由国务院另行规定（1）companiesregistered：已登记成立的公司（2）the“《有限”责：任公司规范意见》《股份”有：限公司规范意见》国务院有关主管部门由国务院另行规定（3）the“StandardOpiniononCompaniesLimitedbyShares（4）therelevantresponsibledepartmentoftheStateCouncil（5）inseparateregulationsissuedbytheStateCouncil参考译文：本法施行前已登记成立的公司，应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，继续保留。其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。例11UnfaircompetitionmentionedinthisLawreferstoactsofsuchbusinessoperatorsascontravenetheprovisionshereof,witharesultofdamagingthelawfulrightsandinterestsofotherbusinessoperators,anddisturbingthesocio-economicorder.注释：（1）unfaircompetition：不正当竞争（2）businessoperators：经营者（3）contravenetheprovisionshereof：违反本法规定theprovisionshereof：本法规定hereofofthisLaw4）thelawfulrightsandinterests：合法权益5）disturbingthesocio-economicorder：扰乱社会经济秩序参考译文：本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。三hereto英文释义:tothis中文译词:至此，在此上。用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示“本合同双方”，可以说“thePartieshereto”，这里hereto表示“tothisContract”；表示“本协议附件4”，可用“Appendix4hereto"，这Hereto表示“tothisAgreement”。语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。hereto和thereto的区别：同前面所言hereof和thereof的区别类似，hereto强调的是“tothis”例1AlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthisContractshall,throughamicablenegotiations,besettledbythePartieshereto.Should,throughnegotiations,nosettlementbereached,thecaseinquestionshallthenbesubmittedforarbitrationtotheChinaInternationalEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommission,BeijingandthearbitrationrulesofthisCommissionshallbeapplied.TheawardofthearbitrationshallbefinalandbindinguponthePartieshereto.TheArbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbytheArbitrationCommission.注释：（1）theperformanceofthisContract：履行本合同（2）throughamicablenegotiations：友好协商（3）thePartieshereto：thePartiestothisContract本合同双方（4）shallthenbesubmittedforarbitration：提交进行仲裁（5）theChinaInternationalEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommission,Beijing：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京）（6）thearbitrationrulesofthisCommission：其仲裁规则（7）theawardofthearbitration：仲裁裁决（8）unlessotherwiseawardedbytheArbitrationCommission：仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外参考译文：对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。例2“PatentedTechnology”meanssuchpatent,andsuchapplicationsforthepatentasarepresentlyownedorwillhereafterbeacquiredinthefuturebyPartyB,orasPartyBhasormayhavetherighttocontrol,orasarepermittedtobetransferredduringtheeffectiveperiodofthisContractinanyorallcountriesoftheworld,andasareapplicabletoormaybeusedinthemanufactureofContractProductsspecifiedbythePartieshereto.注释：（1）patentedtechnology：专利技术（2）patent：专利（3）applicationforthepatent：专利申请（4）mayhavetherighttocontrol：可能有权控制的（5）permittedtobetransferredinanyorallcountriesoftheworld：在世界任何国家许可转让（6）ContractProductsspecifiedbythePartieshereto：本合同双方规定的本合同产品hereto:tothisContract参考译文：“专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的，或乙方有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请。例3“TechnicalDocuments”meansthedataandtheinformationspecifiedinAppendix1hereto,suchasengineering,manufacturingandoriginalinformationrelatingtothemanufactureandmaintenanceoftheContractProducts,includingdrawings,blueprints,designsheets,materialspecifications,photographs,photostatsandgeneraldata,anddesignandtheirspecificationsrelatingtomanufacturingequipment,toolsandfacilities,providedthattheabove-mentionedinformationshallbesuchinformationasisonlyavailabletoPartyBandapplicabletothebusinessoperationofPartyAunderthisContract.注释：（1）technicaldocuments：技术资料（2）thedataandtheinformation：资料（3）engineering：工程（4）manufacturing：制造（5）originalinformation：原始资料

（6）blueprint：蓝本（7）designsheets：设计图表（8）materialspecifications：材料规格（9）photostats：影印资料（10）generaldata：一般资料（11）designandtheirspecificationsrelatingtomanufacturingeuipment,toolsandfacilities与制造设备、工具和装置有关的设计及其说明书参考译文：“技术资料”系指列于附件1与制造和维修合同产品有关的工程、制造及原始资料，包括与制造设备、工具和装置有关的图纸、蓝本、设计图表、材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料、设计及其说明书等，但上述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料。例4IfPartyBdemandstoaudittheaccountsofPartyA,PartyBshall,within10daysafterreceivingthewrittennoticeissuedbyPartyASub-Clause3.4ofthisContract,notifyPartyAofthematerinquestion.ThespecificcontentsandprocedureofauditingaccountsaredetailedinAppendix4hereto.注释：（1）audittheaccountsofPartyA：查核甲方的帐目（2）Sub-Clause3.4ofthisContract：本合同第3.4款（3）thespecificcontentsandprocedureofauditingaccounts：其具体的查帐内容和程序（4）Appendix4hereto：本合［同附件4hereto：tothisContract参考译文：乙方如需查核甲方的帐目时，应在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款规定开出的书面通知后10天之内通知甲方，其具体的查帐内容和程序详见本合同附件4。例5ThepartiestothisAgreementagreethateitherPartyheretoshall,immediatelyandfully,notifytheotherPartyheretoofanysuchmatterscomprisinganimprovement,modification,furtherinventionordesignasthePartyinquestionmaydiscover,makeordevelopwithrespecttomanufactureassemblyoftheLicensedProductsorcomponentsthereof.ThePartydiscovering,makingordevelopingthesubjectmatterinquestionmay,atitsownexpenseanditsownname,underandfileapplicationforLetterPatentortakeothernecessarylegalstepstoprotectthesame,andanypatentarisingtherefromshallbelongtothePartyinquestion.underandTheotherPartymay,duringtheeffectiveperiodhereof,makeuseof,andsellproductsutilizingsuchimprovement,modification,furtherinventionordesign（whetherpatentedorun-patented）withoutchargeandroyaltyfeeinanymannerconsistentwiththisagreement.注释：（1）eitherPartyhereto：本协议各方（不译成“onePartyhereto。）（2）improvement,modification,furtherinventionordesign：改进、修正、更新本发明或设计（3）discover,makeordevelop：开发（4）manufactureandassemblyoftheLicensedProductsorcomponentsthereof：生产及装配许可证产品或部件（5）fileapplicationforLetterPatent：申请专利（6）takeothernecessarylegalstepstoprotectthesame：其它必要的法律保护程序thesame:LetterPatent（7）anypatentarisingtherefrom：由此产生的专利（8）consistentwiththisagreement：与本协议不相矛盾参考译文：本协议各方同意，一方对于有关生产及装配许可证产品或部件所做的改进、修正、更新发明或设计均应立即全部通知另一方。开发改进的一方可以自负费用并以自身名义申请专利或采取其它必要的法律保护程序，由此产生的专利将属于该方所有。在本协议的有效期内，另一方可以与本协议不相矛盾的方式无偿使用和销售利用改进、修正、更新本发明或设计（无论其是否取得专利权）生产的产品。例6ThePartiestothisAgreementagreethatYshallsupplytoFCAMcertainlicenseandtechnicalassistanceformanufacturingProducts.TheTechnicalAssistanceAgreementtobeconcludedbetweenFCAMandYshallbedeemedtobeanattachmentasAppendix2hereto（hereinafterreferredtoasthe“TechnicalAssistanceAgreement”）.注释：（1）certainlicenseandtechnicalassistanceformanufacturingProducts：有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务（2）thetechnicalassistanceagreement：技术服务协议（3）Appendix2hereto：本协议附件2hereto：tothisAgreement参考译文：本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务，FCAM和Y将订立技术服务协议并作为本协议附件2（以下称作“技术服务协议”）。例7ThePartiestothisAgreementagreeandensurethatFCAMwill,tothemaximumextentpracticablypossible,usetheformsrequiredbyYforsuchdataonmanagementandfinancialinformationasaregivenbyFCAMtothePartieshereto,andthatFCAMshallprepareandkeepaccountingandfinancialrecordsandbooksavailableforinspectionorauditbyeitherPartyhereto.注释：（1）tothemaximumextentpracticablypossible：尽实际可能最大限度地（2）dataonmanagementandfinancialinformation：管理和财务信息材料（3）prepareandkeepaccountingandfinancialrecordsandbooks：建好会计和财务帐目（4）availableforinspectionorauditbyeitherPartyhereto：以备本协议各方的检查或审计eitherPartyhereto：eitherPartytothisAgreement本协议双方inspection：检查audit：审计参考译文：本协议双方同意保证FCAM将尽实际可能最大限度地使用Y所要求的表格式样，用于FCAM向协议各方提供管理和财务信息材料；并且FCAM应建好会计和财务帐目以备协议双方的检查或审计。例8ThePartiestothisAgreementagreethattheBoardofDirectorsauthorizedbythePartiesheretotoadministrateormanageFCAMshallberesponsibleforapprovingtheoverallbusinessmanagementplanofthecompany,andmonitoringtheexecutionoftheplaninquestion,providedthatthebusinessmanagementplaninquestionshallbesubmittedtothePartiesheretoforreviewandapproval.注释：（1）BoardofDirectorsauthorizedbythePartieshereto：本协议双方授权的董事会hereto：tothisAgreement（2）toadministrateormanageFCAM：管理FCAMadministrate：行政管理manage：业务管理（3）theoverallbusinessmanagementplanofthecompany：公司整体经营计划（4）monitortheexecutionoftheplaninquestion：监督该计划的执行（5）reviewandapproval：审阅和批准参考译文：本协议双方同意授权管理FCAM的董事会对公司整体经营计划的报批和监督执行负责。该经营计划需要提交协议双方审阅和批准。例9ThePartiestothisAgreementagree,andwillcauseFCAMtoagree,thatYwillselltoFCAM,andFCAMwillbuyfromY,allsuchspecializedmachineryandequipmentasisdeterminedthroughmutualconsultationbyandbetweenYandFCAMthefortheeffectiveutilizationofthetechnicalknow-howsuppliedbyYtoFCAMunderTechnicalAssistanceAgreementatsuchpricesandonsuchtermsandconditionsasaredeterminedbyandbetweenthePartieshereto.the注释：(1)specializedmachineryandequipment：特定机器设备equipment：(单数形式)设备(2)determinedthroughmutualconsultation：协商决定(3)theeffectiveutilizationofthetechnicalknow-how：有效使用技术诀窍(4)termsandconditions：条件(5)(such…)as:作关系代词，意为which,that参考译文：本协议双方同意并将使FCAM同意Y将向FCAM出售，FCAM从Y购买，经过Y和FCAM协商决定的特定机器设备，以保证根据技术服务协议由Y向FCAM提供的技术诀窍得到有效使用，并以协议双方同意的价格和条件成交。例10TheterminationofthisContractshallnotinanywayaffecttheoutstandingclaimsandliabilitiesexistingbetweenthePartiesheretoupontheexpirationofthevalidityoftheContractandthedebtorshallcontinuetobekeptliableforpayingtheoutstandingdebtstothecreditor.注释:(1)theterminationofthisContract:本合同期满(2)outstandingclaimsandliabilities:未了债务(3)debtor:债务人(4)creditor:债权人参考译文:本合同期满时，双方之间发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务四herein英文释义:inthis中文译词：此中，于此用法：表示上文已提及的"本合同(中)的，本法(中)的"等时，使用该词。如表示“本法(中)所称的不正当竞争”，可译为“unfaircompetitionmentionedherein”此，处herein表示“inthisLaw表”示；“本协议(中)内容”，译为“theContentsherein”，此处herein表示“inthisAgreement”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.例1UnfaircompetitionmentionedinthisLawreferstosuchactsofbusinessoperatorsascontravenetheprovisionshereof,witharesultofdamagingthelawfulrightsandinterestsofotherbusinessoperators,anddisturbingthesocio-economicorder.Businessoperatorsmentionedhereinrefertosuchlegalpersons,othereconomicorganizationsandindividualsasengageinthetradingofgoodsorprofit-makingservices(hereaftercalledGoodsincludingservices).注释：(1)unfaircompetition：不正当竞争(2)mentionedinthisLaw：本法所称(3)referto是指(4)contravenetheprovisionshereof：违反本法规定(5)damagethelawfulrightsandinterestsofotherbusinessoperators：损害其他经营者的合法权益(6)disturbthesocio-economicorder：扰乱社会经济秩序(7)businessoperatorsmentionedherein：本法所称的经营者hereininthisLaw(8)engageinthetradingofgoodsorprofit-makingservices：从事商品经营或营利性服务engagein：从事，beengagedin：忙于参考译文：本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务(以下所称商品包括服务)的法人、其他经济组织和个人。例2ThisLawisherebyformulatedandpreparedinordertodeveloptheforeigntrade,maintaintheforeigntradeorderandpromotethehealthydevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Foreigntradementionedhereinshallcovertheimportandexportofgoods,technologyandtheinternationaltradeinservices.注释：(1)thisLawisherebyformulatedandprepared：兹制定本法(2)maintaintheforeigntradeorder：维护对外贸易秩序(3)promotethehealthydevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomy促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展(4)foreigntradementionedherein：本法所称对外贸易hereininthisLaw(5)theinternationaltradeinservices：国际服务贸易参考译文：为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，兹制定本法。本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。例3Theterm“company”mentionedhereinreferstosuchalimitedliabilitycompanyorsuchacompanylimitedbysharesasareestablishedwithintheterritoryofChinainaccordancewiththisLaw.注释：(1)mentionedherein：mentionedinthisLaw本法所称(2)limitedliabilitycompany有限责任公司(3)companylimitedbyshares：股份有限公司(4)withintheterritoryofChina在中国境内参考译文：本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司例4IllegalgainsfromthecrimesasspecifiedinthisDecisionshall,ifany,beconfiscated.Wherethosecommitcrimesagainsttheprovisionsherein,withtheirillegalgainstobeconfiscated,afineimposedon,theirpropertyforfeitedandacivilcompensationassumedby,andtheirpropertyandassetsareinsufficientforthepaymentsofalltheaboveitems,theyshallfirstbeliableforthecivilcompensation.注释：(1)illegalgains：违法所得(2)shallbeconfiscated：应当予以没收(3)theprovisionshereintheprovisionsinthisDecision本决定规定(4)illegalgainstobeconfiscated：被没收违法所得(5)afineimposedon：判处罚金(6)propertyforfeited：没收财产(7)acivilcompensationassumedby：承担民事赔偿责任参考译文：犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。犯本决定规定之罪，被没收违法所得、判处罚金、没收财产、承担民事责任的，其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。例5Theterms“FOB”,“CFR”or“CIF”shallbesubjecttothe“InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms”(INCOTERMS,2000)providedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)unlessotherwisespecifiedherein(inthisContract).注释：(1)(1)FOB”(freeonboard)(…Namedportofshipment):船上交货(…＜指定装运港＞)(2)(2)“CFR”(CostandFreight)(…Namedportofdestination):成本加运费(…＜指定目的港＞)(3)(3)“CIF”(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)(…Namedportofdestination)：成本、保险费加运费(＜指定目的港(4)(4)the“InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms”(INCOTERMS,2000)《国：际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS2000》参考译文：除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS2000》办理。例6Unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedforherein,ifalldisputes,controversiesordifferencesarisingoutoforinrelationtotheexecutionofthisAgreementbetweenthePartieshereto,oranybreachordefaultoftheprovisionshereof(includingbutnotlimitedto,adisputeconcerningtheexistenceorcontinuedexistenceofthisAgreement,andthevalidityoftheArbitrationClause)failtobesettledamicably,thedisputes,controversiesordifferencesinquestionshallbesubmittedforarbitration.注释：(1unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedforherein：除非另有明确表示herein：inthisAgreement（2）dispute：争议（3）controversy：纠纷（4）difference：歧意（5）thePartieshereto：thePartiestothisAgreement本协议双方（6）anybreachordefaultoftheprovisionshereof：任何违约及过失（7）includingbutnotlimitedto：包括，但不限于（8）thevalidityoftheArbitrationClause：仲裁条款有效性arbitrationclause仲裁条款参考译文：除非另有明确表示，则由于执行本协议所引发或与本协议有关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括，但不限于有关本协议存续的争议，仲裁条款有效性的争议），如不能以友好协商的方式解决，则提交仲裁。例7TheAgentshall,pursuanttotheconditionsandprovisionsspecifiedherein,ontheDisbursementDate,creditthefundsreceivedtosuchaccountasisspecifiedbytheBorrowerunderSub-Clause2.2ofthisContract.注释：（1）theAgent：correspondentbank代理行（2）pursuanttotheconditionsandprovisionsspecifiedherein：按照本合同规定的条件herein：inthisContract（3）ontheDisbursementDate：在付款日（4）creditthefundsreceived：贷记入所收资金（5）theBorrower：借款人参考译文：代理行应按照本合同规定的条件，在付款日将所收资金贷记入借款人根据2.2款指定的帐户。例8Alltherightsprovidedforherein（inthisContract）shallbecumulativeandshallnotbeexclusiveofanyotherrights,powers,privilegesorremediesprovidedforbylaws.注释：（1）cumulative：累加的（2）shallnotbeexclusiveof：并不排除（3）privilege：特权（4）remedy：补救方法（5）providedforbylaws：法律规定的参考译文：本合同规定的各项权利是累加的，并不排除法律规定的其它权利、权力、特权或补救方法。例9NowTherefore,undertheconsiderationofthemutualpromisesmadebythePartiestothisAgreement,thePartiesheretoagreethecontentshereinasfollows:注释：（1）NowTherefore：据此（2）theconsideration：对价。对价是对一项允诺（promise）的回报。例如，甲方允诺向乙方提供若干数量的货物，乙方同意付给甲方一定数目的货款，该货款便构成甲方允诺的对价。在经过要约（offer）与承诺（acceptance）的基础上，只有那些拥有对价的允诺才被认作合同，得到法律的保护和执行。（3）thecontentsherein：本协议内容herein：inthisAgreement参考译文：据此，以本协议双方相互承诺为对价，就下述内容达成一致：例10TheBorrowershall,underthisAgreementandtheNote,fulfilltheobligationsofmakingallpayments.AllthereimbursementstotheBankshallbefreeandclearofanyotherchargesandexemptfromalltaxesandsuchreimbursementsasarereceivedbytheBankwillnotbesubjecttotaxes.TheBorrowershall,underthisAgreement,payalltaxesasprovidedforherein.注释：（1）theobligationsofmakingallpayments：支付义务（2）reimbursement：偿付（3）befreeandclearofanyothercharges：不附带其它费用（4）exemptfromalltaxes：是免税的（5）payalltaxesasprovidedforherein：承担全部本协议规定的税务herein：inthisAgreement参考译文：借款人应按照本协议和票据完成所有支付义务。向银行的偿付应是不附带其它费用并且是免税的，而且银行所收到的偿付款项不含任何税务。借款人应按本协议承担全部本协议规定的税务。五hereinafter英文释义:laterinthesameContract中文译词:以下,在下文语法:一般与referredtoas,called等词组连用，以避免重复，置于这些词组前面，与之紧邻。例1：InaccordancewiththeLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonChin-eFsoereignEquityJointVenturesandtheContractsignedbyandbetweenCo.（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA）andCo.（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB）,thearticlesofassociationherebyisformulatedandprepared.注释：（1）inaccordancewith：under根据（2）LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonChinese-ForeignEquityJointVentures：中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法（3）Hereinafter：以下（4）articlesofassociation：合营公司章程（条款）（5）hereby：特此（6）formulate：prepare制订参考译文：根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》以及由公司(以下称甲方)与公司(以下称乙方)所订的合资经营的合同，特制订本公司章程。例2FinancialinstitutionswithforeigncapitalmentionedintheseRegulationsrefertothefollowingfinancialinstitutionsthatareestablishedandoperateinChinauponapprovalinaccordancewiththerelevantlawsandregulationsofthePeople'sRepublicofChina:subsidiarybanksincorporatedbyforeigncapitalwhoseheadofficesareinChina(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbanks);branchesofforeignbankinChina(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbankbranches);banksincorporatedjointlybyforeignandChinesefinancialinstitutions(hereinafterreferredtoasequityjoint-venturebanks);financecompaniesincorporatedbyforeigncapitalwhoseheadofficesareinChina(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignfinancecompanies);andfinancecompaniesincorporatedjointlybyforeignandChinesefinancialinstitutions(hereinafterreferredtoasequityjoint-venturefinancecompanies).注释：(1)financialinstitution：金融机构(2)subsidiarybanksincorporatedbyforeigncapitalwhoseheadofficesareinChina：总行在中国境内的外国资本银行。在中译英时，这里的“外国资本银行”，应理解成“外资银行的子银行”，英文为subsidiarybanks，而不能简单地译成foreignbanks，因为很少有一家外国银行把自己的总部搬到国外，但在境外设立子银行、子公司是经常的。(3)hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbanks：以下简称外资银行。(4)hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbankbranches：以下简称外资银行分行。(5)financecompany：财务公司，这里应理解为金融公司，是指在商业银行以外的专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。如果中文为会计事务所，则要译成：accountingfirm(6)hereinafterreferredtoasforeignfinancecompanies：以下简称外资财务公司(7)hereinafterreferredtoasequityjoint-venturefinancecompanies：以下简称合资财务公司参考译文：本条例所称外资金融机构，是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构：总行在中国境内的外国资本银行(以下简称外资银行)外国银行在中国境内的分行(以下简称外资银行分行)外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的银行(以下简称合资银行)总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司(以下简称外资财务公司)外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的财务公司(以下简称合资财务公司)例3WhenexistingChinese-foreignequityjointventures,Chinese-foreigncooperativejointventuresandwhollyforeign-ownedenterprises(hereinafterreferredtoas“enterpriseswithforeigninvestment”)applytoreorganizethemselvesintoacompany,theenterpriseswithforeigninvestmentshallhavearecordofmakingprofitsfortherecentthreeconsecutiveyears.注释：（1）existingChinese-foreignequityjointventures：已设立的中外合资经营企业，即现有的中外合资经营企业（2）Chinese-foreigncooperativejointventure：中外合作经营企业（3）whollyforeign-ownedenterprises：外资企业（4）hereinafterreferredtoas“enterpriseswithforeigninvestment”：以下简称外商投资企业（5）shallhavearecordofmakingprofits：应有盈利纪录参考译文：已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业（以下称为外商投资企业），如申请转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利纪录。例4Toapplyfortheestablishmentofaninvestmentcompany,theinvestorshallsubmitthefollowingdocumentstotheMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation（hereinafterreferredtoasMOFTEC）forexaminationandapprovalaftertheexaminationandconsentobtainedfromtheforeigntradeandeconomiccooperationauthoritiesoftherelatedprovince,autonomousregion,municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentorthemunicipalitiesspecifically（separately）listedintheStateEconomicPlaninwhichtheinvestmentcompanyistobelocated.注释：（1）theMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation（hereinafterreferredtoasMOFTEC）：对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）（2）theforeigntradeandeconomiccooperationauthorities：外经贸部门（3）municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment：直辖市（4）themunicipalitiesspecifically（separately）listedintheStateEconomicPlan：计划单列市参考译文：申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。例5TheseRegulationsareformulatedandpreparedinaccordancewiththeCompanyLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina（hereinafterreferredtoastheCompanyLaw）inordertoaffirmthequalificationsofenterpriselegalpersonsofcompaniesandstandardizetheregistrationactivitiesofcompanies.注释：（1）theseRegulationsareformulatedandprepared：制定本条例prepare：制定（2）theCompanyLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina：《中华人民共和国公司法》（3）hereinafterreferredtoastheCompanyLaw：以下简称《公司法》（4）toaffirmthequalificationsofenterpriselegalpersonsofcompanies：确认公司的企业法人资格（5）standardizetheregistrationactivitiesofcompan