托福听力学科词汇

TOEFL听力学科词汇

(basedonTPO)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zArt 3Arts 3Literature 10\o"CurrentDocument"Architecture 12\o"CurrentDocument"PhysicalScience 13\o"CurrentDocument"Geology地质学 13\o"CurrentDocument"Astronomy天文学 18\o"CurrentDocument"Physics物理学 23\o"CurrentDocument"Chemistry化学 28LifeScience 33\o"CurrentDocument"Zoology动物学 33\o"CurrentDocument"AnimalBehavior动物行为 39\o"CurrentDocument"Physiology生理生化 42\o"CurrentDocument"Botany植物学 45\o"CurrentDocument"Speciology物种学 50\o"CurrentDocument"Ecology生态学 51SocialScience 54\o"CurrentDocument"Archaeology考古学 54\o"CurrentDocument"Business经济商学 56\o"CurrentDocument"History历史 60\o"CurrentDocument"Psychology心理学 61\o"CurrentDocument"Anthropology人类学 64\o"CurrentDocument"Sociology社会学 64\o"CurrentDocument"Philosophy哲学 64\o"CurrentDocument"Politics政治 65ArtArtsstyle[stail]n.风格【频】6【例】TPO1L1She,sgotaveryunusualstyle,comparedtsomeoftheartistswe,velookedatthisterm.technique[tek'nik]n.手法，技术【频】6【例】TPO19L4Andthisissomething,atechniquethatyouwillfindinbothoftheirwork.gallery['g田lori]n.画廊【频】6【例】TPO1L1RememberIsaidthatatsomepointduringthissemesterIwantedyoutoattendanexhibitattheFairyStreetGalleryandthenwriteaboutit.painter['peinto]n.画家【频】5【例】TPO34L1LastweekwestartedtalkingaboutthepaintersandsculptorswhowerepartoftheartmovementcalledDada.【衍】Paintingn.绘画，Paintv.绘画artist[‘artist]n.艺术家【频】5【例】TPO1L1ThenameoftheartistexhibitingthereisRoseFrantzen.play[plei]n.剧本【频】5【例】TPO7L1Infact,someoftheplaywrightswouldstartbywritingtheendoftheplay.romantic[ro'mantik]a.浪漫的【频】4【例】TPO27L4WellGoethewaspartoftheRomanticMovementinwesternliterature.【衍】Romancen.浪漫史、冒险故事，Romanticistn.浪漫主义者，Romanticismn.浪漫主义theater['Bioto]n.戏院【频】4【例】TPO12L3TheycarriedtheaterwiththemandoperaspecificallybecauseitwasanItalianform.portrait['portrot]n.肖像【频】3【例】TPO1L1Frantzenhadtopaintotherpeople,sportraitsatplaceslikeartfairsjusttomakemoneytobuypaintforhermoreseriousartwork.【衍】Portraituren.肖像画，Portraitistn.肖像画家，Portrayv.描绘genre[?anro]n.类型【频】3【例】TPO30L41thinkit,sfairtosaythatthesoundoftheelectricguitartypifiestherock,nrolgenre.scene[si:n]n.景象【频】3【例】TPO1L1Alotofimpressionistartistspaintedeverydayscenes,likepeopleonthestreetsandincafes,lotsofnaturescenes,especiallylandscapes.【衍】Sceneryn.舞台布景，风景recital[ri'saitl]n.独奏会【频】3【例】TPO24L2Byagefourteen,shewasteachingherfreedancetoyoungchildrenandgivingrecitals.【衍】Recitativea.吟诵的depict[di'pikt]v.描画【频】3【例】TPO1L1Itdidn,tdepictscenesormodelsexactlyastheylooked.【衍】Depictionn.描画classical['k底sikl]a.古典的【频】3【例】TPO16L4Aspianobecamemoreavailable,theybroughtclassicalmusic,themusicwhichpreviouslyhadbeencomposedonlyfortheupperclasses.patron['petron]n.赞助人，主顾【频】2【例】TPO16L4Well,Idon,thavetospellitoutforyou,thelikesanddislikesofthepatron,thiswould,vehadaneffectonwhatwasbeingcomposedandperformed.【衍】Patronagen.赞助brushstroke[bruj’strok]n,绘画技巧【频】2【例】TPO1L1Impressionistpainterstendedtoapplypaintreallythickly,andinbigbrushstrokes.ballet[b田'lei]n,芭蕾【频】2【例】TPO24L2AsIsaid,inclassicalballet,emotionsareconveyedthroughasetofstrictlyformalizedmovements.【衍】Ballerinan,芭蕾舞女演员composer[kom'poza]n.作曲家【频】2【例】TPO16L4Thereweremanyotherinfluencesoncomposers.【衍】Composev.作曲texture['tekstfb]n.质地，纹理【频】2【例】TPO1L1Thetextureofthecanvaswasrough.charcoal['tfakol]n,木炭，炭笔【频】2【例】TPO3L3There,scharcoalmarksfromtheirtorchesonthecavewallsclearlydatingfromthousandsofyearsafterthepaintingsweremade.parchment['partfment]n,羊皮纸【频】2【例】TPO15L3Duringthe1400s,whenprintingwasbeingdeveloped,paperbecamethepredominantmaterialforbooksinEurope,butpriortothat,itwasparchment.manuscript['m田njuskript]n.手稿，原稿【频】2【例】TPO15L3Beforetheinventionofprintingandtheprintingpress,allbooks,allmanuscriptswerehand-made.realism[‘riolizom]n,现实主义【频】2【例】TPO1L1You,veprobablystudiedbothofthesemovementsseparatelyRealismandImpressionism,insomeofyourarthistorycourses.【衍】Realistica.现实主义的，Realistn.现实主义者impressionism[im'prejbnzzsm]n.印象主义【频】1【例】TPO1L1Impressionismstartedinthelate19thcentury.【衍】Impressionistn.印象主义者exhibit[ig'zibit]n.展示会【频】1【例】TPO1L1Well,theexhibitthatIwantyoutoattendiscomingup.canvas['k田nvos]n.帆布【频】1【例】TPO1L1Thetextureofthecanvaswasrough.bleak[blik]a.阴冷的，黯淡的【频】1【例】TPO1L1Theoverallscenegivesanimpressionofacold,bleakwinterdayonafarm.blurry['bl3：r]a.模糊的【频】1【例】TPO1L1Youcanreallyseethosebroadbrushstrokesandtheblurrylines.expressive[ik'spresiv]a.表现的【频】1【例】TPO19L4Well,forme,itisherfaceandhands,Ithinktheyarereallyexpressive.【衍】Expressionn.表现、表达，Expressionistn.表现主义艺术家contemplative[kon'templotiv]a.沉思的【频】1【例】TPO19L4Theymakethewomanseemverycontemplative,seemslikesheisthinkingprettyseriouslyaboutsomething.【衍】Contemplatev.沉思，Contemplationn.沉思contrastingcolors对比色【频】1【例】TPO19L4Whatstrikesmeisthecontrastingcolors,thewhitedressandthedarkbackground.vague[veig]a.模糊的【频】1【例】TPO19L4Well,thebackgroundbehindthewomanisprettyvague.conventional[ksn'venjbnl]a.常见的，传统的【频】1【例】TPO19L4Now,theundefinedbackgroundalsoshowshowCeciliaBeauxwasinfluencedbytheFrenchImpressionists,whobelieved,likeBeauxinapersonalratherthanconventionalapproachtotheirsubjectmatter.boldcolor亮色【频】1【例】TPO21L4First,Neel,suseofboldcolor.critic['kritik]n.批评家，评论家【频】1【例】TPO21L4Somecriticshaddeclaredthegenreofportraituretobedead.【衍】Criticala.批评的，Criticizev.批评，Criticismn.批评abstractart抽象派艺术【频】1【例】TPO21L4Butkeepinmindthatshewasdoingthiswhenabstractartdominatedtheartscene.fashionable['f到hobl]a.流行的，时髦的【频】1【例】TPO21L4Representationsofpeopleweren,tfashionableintheartworld.【衍】Fashionn,时尚Primarycolor原色【频】1【例】TPO27L4Asyouprobablyknow,primarycolorsare,theoreticallyspeaking,thebasiccolorsfromwhichallothercolorscanbemade.Secondarycolor次生色【频】1【例】TPO27L4Butasyou,llfindoutwhenyoustartworkingonyourpaintingprojects,thethreeprimarycolors-red,blue,yellow-don,talwaysmakethebestsecondarycolors.Prism['prizom]n.棱镜【频】1【例】TPO27L4Heusedaprismtobreakwhitelightdownintothevariouscolorsofthespectrum.chromatics[kro'm田tiks]n.色彩学【频】1【例】TPO27L4Scientistsstudyingopticsandchromaticstodaystillmarvelathisfindings.【衍】Chromatica.彩色的symbolize['simbolaiz]v.作为...象征【频】1【例】TPO27L4Hisideasaboutwhatcolorssymbolize,abouttheemotionsthatdifferentcolorsinspirewerebasedonthecolorsred,yellowandblue.【衍】Symboln,象征、符号，Symbolica,象征的，Symbolismn,象征主义、记号Film-maker电影制作人【频】1【例】TPO3L2Andinthatcontext,todaywearegoingtotalkaboutafilm-makerwhobeganmakingveryuniquefilmsinthelate1920s.clip[klip]n.（影片）剪辑【频】1【例】TPO3L2Hemighttakeaclipofamolluskgoingupanddowninthewaterandsetittomusic.documentary['dakjo'mentri]n.纪录片【频】1【例】TPO3L2Hesetthestandardreallyforthenaturedocumentary.【衍】Documentaristn.纪录片制片人primitive['primitiv]a.原始的【频】1【例】TPO3L3Ithinkyouwillagreewithmethatthisartisanythingbutprimitive.masterpiece['m田stopis]n.杰作【频】1【例】TPO3L3Theyaremasterpieces.Studio['studio]n.画室，工作室，电影（音乐）制片厂【频】1【例】TPO8L2Thepaintingdepictsanactivecrowdedstudiowithwomendrawingandpaintingalivemodel.Salon['s包。n]n.画廊，美术展览馆【频】1【例】TPO8L2Youcanhaveapaintingorsculptureinthesalonandgobacktoyourhomecountrysayingyou,vebeenasuccessintheParis.scribe[skraib]n.抄写员，作家【频】1【例】TPO15L3Soitwasn,tuncommonfOrthescribesormonkswhoproducethemanuscripts.Palimpsest['p田lim（p）sest]n.重写本【频】1【例】TPO15L3Amanuscriptpagethatwaswrittenon,erasedandthenusedagainiscalledapalimpsest.Papyrusscrolls古本手卷【频】1【例】TPO15L3Thiswasextremelyfortunate,sincelateron,theoriginalpapyrusscrollsdisappeared.preserve[pr'Z0：v]v.保存【频】1【例】TPO15L3Sothepages,thepiecesofparchmentthemselves,hadbeenpreserved.stainedglass彩色玻璃【频】1【例】TPO16L4Stainedglassofcourseissimplyglassthathasbeencoloredandcutintopiecesandre-assembledtoformapictureoradecorativedesign.Metalliccompound金属化合物【频】1【例】TPO16L4Yougotspecificcolorsbyaddingmetalliccompoundstotheotherglassmakingingredients.Paleolithic[,p田liou'liBik]a.旧石器时代的【频】1【例】TPO17L1Today,wewillbecoveringtheUpperPaleolithicPeriod,whichIamroughlydefiningastheperiodfrom35000to8000B.C.【衍】Neolithica.新石器时代的Stratigraphy[stro'tigrofi]n.地层学【频】1【例】TPO17L1Stratigraphyisusedfordatingportableart.【衍】Stratumn.地层，Stratificationn.层理Radiocarbon[,reidi3u'ka:b（3）n]n.放射性碳【频】1【例】TPO17L1Thathadtodowithchemicalanalysis,somethingtodowithmeasuringtheamountofradiocarbonleftintheorganicstuff.Prehistoricart史前艺术【频】1【例】TPO17L1Soitturnsoutthatradiocarbondatingworksforalotofprehistoricart.artifact['a:to,能kt]n.手工艺品【频】1【例】TPO17L1Don,tgetmewrongthough,analyzingthestylesofprehistoricartifactscanhelpdatingthem.sculpture['skAlptfb]n.雕塑【频】2【例】TPO17L1Andnowyoucanseewhywedon,thaveanexactdateforoursculpture“theladywiththehood”.statue['s品肮:]n.雕塑【频】1【例】TPO18L2TheybeganmakingcopiesoftheGreekstatues.plastercast石膏模型【频】1【例】TPO18L2Whattheydidwastheymadeplastercastsfrommoldsofthesculptures.Opera['apr。]n.歌剧，歌剧院【频】1【例】TPO12L3Thewordoperameanswork,actuallyitmeansworks.Renaissance[Rnosans]n.文艺复兴【频】1【例】TPO12L3TheytookclassicaltheaterandreproduceditintheRenaissanceStime.scularizationLsekjoloro'zeJbn]n.世俗化【频】1【例】TPO12L3Duringthoseyears,severalthingshappened-primarilylinguisticorthematicandbothinvolvingsecularization.【衍】Secularizev,还俗melodrama['melsdrams]n.情节剧，音乐剧【频】1【例】TPO12L3ItisthemelodiousdramaofancientGreektheater,thetermmelodiousdramabeingshortenedeventuallytomelodrama.cadence['keid(s)ns]n.节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO12L3Andthemusicwassecondary,ifyouwill,tothedramaticcadenceoflanguage.Chivalry[了工vslri]n.骑士精神，骑士制度【频】1Epic['epik]a.史诗的【频】1【例】TPO12L3Theyreliedonmythologytogivethemtheircharactersandtheirplots,thenovelsofchivalryortheepicsofchivalryoutofthemiddleages.Broadway['brodwe工]n.百老汇【频】1【例】TPO12L3ButBroadwaymusicalsfulfilledasimilarfunctionforagreatlongwhile.Baroque[bs'rok]n,巴洛克式的艺术【频】1【例】TPO16L4UpuntilnowinourdiscussionsandreadingsabouttheBaroqueearlyclassicalperiods,we,vebeentalkingaboutthedevelopmentofmusicalstylesandgenres.harpsichord['ha:psikod]n.大键琴【频】1【例】TPO16L4Unliketheharpsichordwhichcamebeforeit,thepianoisapercussioninstrument.clarinet[kl田ri'net]n.单簧管【频】1Transverseflute长笛【频】1【例】TPO16L4We,veseeninthedevelopmentofsomecftheinstruments,yourememberthetransverseflute,theclarinetandsoon.percussion[p^'kAfbn]n.打击乐器【频】1【例】TPO16L4Thisstrikingactioniswhythepianoisapercussioninstrumentinsteadofastringinstrument.virtuoso[,v3tfu'oso]n.艺术大师【频】1【例】TPO16L4Claragrewuptobecomeawell-knownandrespectedpianovirtuoso.accompaniment©kAmponimont]n.伴奏【频】1【例】TPO22L4Eventheveryfirstpublicprojectionofamoviehadpianopilation[,kamp'leijbn]n.编辑【频】1【例】TPO22L4Usuallyacompilationofamusicthatalreadyexistedwouldbeused.violin[,vaio'lin]n.小提琴【频】3【例】TPO27L2Butit,sgenerallythoughtthattheacousticalqualityofmodernviolinsdoesn,tliveuptothequalityofthevintageones.【衍】Violinistn.小提琴家craftsmanship['kr田ftsmonjlp]n.技艺，技术【频】1【例】TPO27L2Theirdimensions,shape,theirfingerboardheight,andgeneralcraftsmanship.Nationalism['n到nolizom]n.国家主义，民族主义【频】1【例】TPO25L2Ijustfinishedreviewingyourpapersontheinfluenceofnationalismonthecomposers,music.lyrical['lirikl]a.抒情诗调的【频】1【例】TPO25L2Thesemusicpieceswerelongandlyrical.ethnomusicologist['e0nomjuziko'lod3ist]n.人种音乐学家【频】1【例】TPO25L2Hewasanethnomusicologist,andhestudiedthetraditionalmusicoftheregion.glissando[gli'sando]n.滑奏，滑音【频】1【例】TPO25L2Helikedtouseglissandoashishallmark.electricguitar电吉他【频】1【例】TPO30L4Eachdesignwasintendedtoalterthesoundinsomeway,atfirstatleastwiththeelectricguitar,tomakeitlouder.steelguitar夏威夷吉他【频】1【例】TPO30L4Thatledtothelapguitarwhichisalsocalledthesteelguitar.enamor[in'田mo]v.迷恋，倾心【频】1【例】TPO30L4USsailorswhowerestationedinHawaiiwereveryenamoredwiththemusictheyheardthere.fresco['freskou]n.壁画【频】1【例】TPO26L4Sofarwehavebeentalkingallsemesteraboutrestoringandpreservingpiecesofart,likeancientfrescoesandearlyoilpaintings.labyrinth['底borin。]n.迷宫【频】1【例】TPO33L4Mazesorlabyrinths,astheyarealsocalled,wereverycommoninRenaissancegardens.Screendance屏幕上的舞蹈【频】1【例】TPO23L4Screendancewhichisrelativelynew,isn,tforeveryone.choreography[,kor工bgrofi]n.编舞【频】1【例】TPO23L4Thequestionwehavetoaskis,what,sthedifferencebetweenchoreographyfOraliveperformanceandchoreographyforonscreenviewing?【衍】Choreographv.设计舞蹈动作Moderndance现代舞【频】1【例】TPO24L2Ithinkthebestanalogytomoderndanceismodernartormodernmusic.tunic['tju:nik]a.束腰外衣【频】1【例】TPO24L2Duncanworeloose,flowingtunics,andshedancebarefoot.pantomime['p田ntomaim]n.哑居U【频】1【例】TPO24L2SomesaidDuncan,sartformwasclosertopantomimethantodance.acrobatic侬kro'b田tik]a.杂技的【频】1【例】TPO24L2Afterseeingthis,Duncanpubliclydenouncedballetasaformofacrobatics,complicatedandexcruciatingmechanismshecalledit.LiteratureLiterature['lzt(o)rotfb]n.文学【频】5【例】TPO4L2BeforeIwasaliteratureprofessor,Iwasanaccountant.poem['pou[m]n.诗【频】5【例】TPO13L3Ithoughtpoemswereshorter,theseweremorelikelongstories.【衍】Poetryn.诗歌艺术，Poetn.诗人novel['na:vl]n.小说【频】2【例】TPO27L4Hewrotemanyfamousnovels,plays,poems.【衍】Novelistn.小说家fiction['fzkjbn]n.小说【频】210【例】TPO3L2Infact,Painlevewasknownforsayingthatscienceisfiction.【衍】Fictionala.虚构的、小说的Fairytale童话故事【频】3【例】TPO5L4Withfairytales,thelocationisgenerallyunspecified.character['k田rokt。]n.角色【频】3【例】TPO5L4Butalltheotherelements,likethelocationorcharacters,mightbemodifiedforeachaudience.plot[plat]n.情节【频】3【例】TPO5L4Nottheplot,thedetailsofwhathappensinthestorywouldremainconstant.Drama['drams]n.戏居U【频】2【例】TPO7L1Wefirstneedtolookatanearlyformofdramaknownasthewell-madeplay,beginningwithsomeearly19thcenturycomediesinFranceprovedverysuccessfulcommercially.【衍】Comedyn.喜剧Folktale民间故事【频】2【例】TPO5L4Theyseemtobelessrealisticthanfolktales.version['v3：J（3）n]n.版本【频】1【例】TPO5L4Everystorytellermighthavehadaslightlydifferentversionofthesamefolktale.essay['esei]n.散文【频】1【例】TPO4L2YouwillbereadingoneofEmerson,sbes-knownessays.sketch[sketf]n.素描，梗概【频】1【例】TPO6L3Whilewritingcharactersketches,dothinkaboutdetails.stereotype['steristaip]n.刻板印象【频】1【例】TPO6L3Don,tmakeyourcharacterintoastereotype.cliche['kli:Jei]n.陈词滥调【频】1【例】TPO6L3Becarefulnottomakehimintotheclicheoftheraggedmountaindweller.Medieval[,midi'ivsl]a.中世纪的【频】1【例】TPO13L3Thetwopoemswearelookingattodayfallintothecategoryofmedievaltimes.rhythm['ridsm]n.节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO13L3It,swrittentomaketheaudiencehavesomekindsofpredictablerhythm.Heroicdeeds英雄事迹【频】1【例】TPO13L3Theywerewrittentodescribetheheroicdeedsoractionsofwarriors.nobility[no'bilsti]n.贵族【频】111【例】TPO13L3Theywerewrittenfortheknightsandthenobilitythattheyserved.minstrel['mznstrsl]n.吟游诗人【频】1【例】TPO13L3Thepoemsweresongsperformedbyaminstrel,singerwhotraveledfromcastletocastle.patriotic[peitribtik]a,爱国的【频】1【例】TPO13L3Hearingthesongsprobablymadethemfeelmorepatriotic.【衍】Patriotn.爱国者Patriotismn.爱国主义troubadour['trubodor]n.行吟诗人【频】1【例】TPO13L3Manytroubadourwereabletomakealivingbeingfulltimepoets.biographical[,baio'gr田fikl]a.传记的【频】1【例】TPO13L3Theyoftenhadsmallbiographicalsketchesaddedtotheirpoems.【衍】Biographyn.传记，Autobiographyn.自传Folklegend民间传说【频】1【例】TPO20L3Likefolklegends,theyhavebeenpasseddownorally.playwright['pleirait]n.剧作家【频】1【例】TPO7L1Thisbecamesopopularthattheplaywrightalmosthadtoincludeitineveryplay.denouement[deinu'maq]n.结局【频】1【例】TPO7L1Butthedenouementofferstheaudiencealogicalconclusion.ArchitectureAcoustics[s'kustzk]n.声学，音质【频】3【例TPO29L2Itwasnotuntilthebeginningofthetwentiethcenturythatarchitecturalacousticsbecameascientificfield.downtown['daun'taun]n.市中心【频】1【例】TPO13L1Ingeneral,downtownareasjustdon,thavethatmanyresidentialareas,notthatmanypeoplelivethere.pedestrian[po'destrion]n.彳亍人【频】1【例】TPO13L1Thesepedestrianmallsaretypicallylocatedinthedowntownareaoftheximity[prak'simoti]n,邻近，接近【频】1【例】TPO13L1Proximitytopotentialcustomers,we,llcallacustomerbase.auditorium[,odi'toriom]n.礼堂，会堂【频】1【例】TPO29L2Nowpeoplehavebeenconcernedabouthowsoundcarriesinauditoriumsandtheatersforatleast2000years.reverberation[ri,v^bo'refbn]n.回响12【频】1【例】TPO29L2WallaceSabinestartedtodoextensivestudiesonreverberation.【衍】Reverberatev.回响symphony['szmfsni]n.交响乐【频】1orchestra[brkistro]n.管弦乐对【频】1【例】TPO29L2Ireadthatconcerthallsdesignedforsymphonyorchestrashavetoomuchechoforjazzmusic.rectangular[rek'tyqgjola]a.矩形的【频】1【例】TPO29L2Let,ssayyoudesignarectangularbox-likespacewithbarewallsandceiling.chandelier[庐ndo'lio]n.枝形吊灯【频】1【例】TPO29L2BeautifulcrystalChandeliersareverygoodatdiffusingsound.hexagonal[hek's^gsnl]a.六边形的【频】1【例】TPO32L4Theroomsinsidethehousewerealsohexagonalsix-sided.PhysicalScienceGeology地质学range[rendj]n.范围；幅度；山脉【频】43【例】TPO1L2Mostofusthoughtthesandhadcomefromanancientmountainrangefairlyclosebythatflattenedoutovertime.That,sbeentheconventionalwisdomamonggeologistsforquitesometime.cave[keiv]n.洞穴，窑洞【频】38【例】TPO16L1NowtherearesomeprettyinterestingcavesinpartsofthewesternUnitedStates,especiallyinnationalparks.Thereisonepartthathasoverahundredcaves,includingsomeofthelargestonesintheworld.ore[or]n.矿；矿石【频】32【例】TPO32L3Itwasn,ttheminingitselfthatcausedsuchmassivedestruction.Itwaswhathappenedafterthecopperorewasextractedfromthemines.coral['korol]n.珊瑚；珊瑚虫【频】31【例】TPO27L1wehavebeenfairlythoroughinourdiscussionaboutcoralreefs,whichofcourseareprominent,oceanicfeaturesmadeofhardlimestoneskeletonsproducedbytinycoralanimals.Tectonicplate[tek'tnnikpleit]n.板块【频】31【例】TPO31L2Thesetectonicplatessupportthecontinentsandoceans.Overtime,thetectonicplatesmoveandshift,whichmovesthecontinentsandtheoceanfloorstoo.glacier['glef>]n.冰河，冰川【频】2813【例】TPO7L4It,sreallyknownthatnosecretthattheglaciersflowbecauseofgravity.Buthowtheyflow,thewaytheyflow,needssomeexplaining.【衍】glacialadj.冰的；冰河时代的；glaciationn,冰川作用；冻结成冰；glaciatev.使冰冻；被冰冻盖；使受冰川作用；atmosphere[岳tmosfir]n.气氛；大气；空气【频】26【例】TPO20L2Thereisthemostcarbondioxideandmethanegas,uh,greenhousegasesintheatmospherejustafterthebeginningoftheinterglacialperiod.【衍】aatmosphericadj.大气的，大气层的；basin['besn]n.流域；盆地【频】25【例】TPO33L2TheColoradoRiverbasinisaregionintheSouthwestUnitedStates.SevenstatesrelyontheColorado,swater.Andasyoucanimagine,asthepopulationsofthesestatesbegantogrow,itbecameclearthatasystemtodistribute,uh,tomakesureeachstategotitsfairshareofwater.desert['dez^t]n.沙漠；荒原【频】24【例】TPO6L4AtaboutthesametimethattheSaharawasbecomingadesert...hmm...5,000yearsago,EgyptreallybegantoflourishoutintheNileRivervalley.【衍】desertificationn.荒漠化；沙漠化；desertern.逃兵；背弃者；desertionn,遗弃；开小差；逃亡；Arctic['arktik]adj.北极的；极寒的n.北极圈【频】23【例】TPO24C2WhathappensisthatthecoldArcticairblowsacrossthelakefromthenorthinwinter.Andastheaircrossesthelake,thelowerlayeriswarmedbythelakewater.continent['kantinont]n.洲，陆地【频】22【例】TPO31L2Soifanoceanfloortectonicplatemeetstheedgeofacontinentandtheypushagainsteachother,theheavieronesinksdownandgoesundertheotherone.【衍】continentaladj.大陆的；大陆性的Sediment['sedimont]n,沉积；沉淀物【频】18【例】TPO10L3ThefishingindustryhelpsbringPhosphorusbacktoland.InthenormalwaterphasetheremainingPhosphorusmakesitsway,settlestothebottomoftheoceanandgetsmixedintooceansediments.【衍】sedimentaryadj.沉淀的；sedimentationn.沉降；limestone['laimston]n,[岩]石灰岩【频】11【例】TPO16L1Sulfuricacideatsawayatlimestoneveryaggressively.Soyougetbiggercracksandthenpassagewaysbeingformedalongtheopeningsintherock.distribute[di'stribjut]vt.分配；散布【频】10【例】TPO33L2Withthedemandforwaterinthebasinstaysincreasingandwiththereallikelihoodoflowerflowsintheriver,ifhistoryisourteacher,wecandevelopinnovativemethodsofwaterconservationandreevaluatehowwaterisdistributed.【衍】distributionn.分布；分配；distributorn.经销商；[电]分配器；分配者；crack[kr^k]vi.破裂；n,裂缝【频】914【例】TPO16L1Youhavewaterfromthesurface,streams,waterfallorwhatever-movingwaterthatflowsthroughcracksfoundinthelimestone.It’sthemovingwateritselfthatwearsawayattherockandmakespassageways.【衍】crackern.爆竹；胡桃钳crater['kreta]n.火山口【频】9【例】TPO5L2Anywatermoleculesthatfoundtheirwaytothefloorsofcratersnearthemoon,spoles,thatwaterwouldbeperpetuallyfrozen,becausethefloorsofthosecratersarealwaysinshadow.ridge[ridj]n.山脊；山脉【频】9【例】TPO9L3Soduringthesecondrainyperiod,theduneswerekindofchoppedupatthetop,fullofhollowsandridges,andthesehollowswould'vecapturedtherainrightthereonthetop.reef[rif]n.暗礁；[地质]矿脉【频】8【例】TPO27L1Recently,researchershaveuseddatacollectedbymonitoringsurfacewatertemperaturestoimprovetheabilityofareeftorecoverfrombleaching.【衍】reefyadj.多暗滩的；多暗礁的split[split]vt.分离；劈开；n.裂缝【频】8【例】TPO31L2Well,theseafloorisspilt.Thereisaridge,amountainrangethatrunsnorthandsouththere.AndtherockmaterialflowsupfromEarth,sinteriorhere,atthesplit,whichforcesthetwosidesoftheoceanfloortospreadapart,tomakeroomforthenewrockmaterial.【衍】n.splitter分离机，分流器；分解器，拆分器；core[kor]n.核心；地心【频】7【例】TPO26L3Now,yourememberfromourpreviousdiscussionthatacomet,snucleus,itscore,ismadeupoficeanddust,likeafrozensnowball.crust[krAst]n.地壳；外壳【频】7【例】TPO31L2Aswe,vediscussed,Earth,scrustismadeupoflargeplatesthatrestonamantleofmoltenrock.Theseplates…uh…nowthesetectonicplatessupportthecontinentsandoceans.【衍】crustyadj.有壳的；crustaladj.壳的，地壳的；mantle['m田ntl]n.地幔；覆盖物【频】7【例】TPO31L2Astheoceanfloorplatebeginstosinkdownintothemantle,itwoulddragorpulltheentireplatealongwithit.Somoreandmoreofthisplate,theoceanfloor,wouldgodownunderthecontinentintothemantle.slide[slaid]vi.滑动；滑落；n.雪崩【频】7【例】TPO7L3Soiceatthebaseoftheglaciermelts.Andthisresultsinathinlayerofwaterbetweentheglacierandtheground.Thislayerofwaterreducesfrictionis...islikealubricant.Anditallowstheglaciertoslideorslipoverthebedrock.【衍】n.slider滑动器；滑雪者；滚动之物canyon['k田njon]n.峡谷【频】615【例】TPO1L2Now,wegeologiststhoughtwehadaprettygoodideaofhowtheGrandcanyoninthesouthwesternUnitedStateswasformed.Weknewthatitwasformedfromsandstonethatsolidifiedsomewherebetween150and300millionyearsago.lava['lav。]n.火山岩浆；熔岩【频】6【例】TPO24L4Now,thelavaonVenusisthin.Itspreadsouteasily.Soshieldvolcanoeshaveverygentleslopingsides.Theyarecalledshieldvolcanoes.hemisphere['hemisfir]n.半球【频】5【例】TPO17L2Whichmakesearth,andinparticular,thenorthernhemisphere,warmer.Andwhyisthatimportant?well,becausemostoftheplanet,sglaciersareinthenorthernhemisphere,andifitgetstoowarm,thenglacierswillstopforming.【衍】hemisphericadj.半球的，半球形状的；mineral['minorol]n.矿物；无机物【频】5【例】TPO17L2Overmillionsofyears,groundwaterleftdepositsofamineralcalledcalcite,ontherockwithinDevil'sHole.Andbystudyingtheseclacitedeposits,wecandeterminetheclimateconditions,thetemperaturesoverthelasthalfmillionyears.【衍】minen.矿，矿藏；矿山，矿井；mineralogyn.矿物学；minev.开采，采掘；mineralizev.使矿物化；precipitation[pri'sipo'teJbn]n.降水，降雨【频】5【例】TPO9L2Second,mostoftheprecipitationintheArcticisintheformofsnow.Andthesnow,whichblanketsthegroundinthewinter,actuallyhasaninsulatingeffectonthesoilbeneathit.【衍】precipitatev.沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成为雨或雪等；swamp[swamp]n.沼泽；湿地【频】5【例】TPO11L3Wetlandsareareasofmarshy,swampyland,areaswherewatercoversthesoil,orispresenteitheratornearthesurfaceofthesoilforalargepartoftheyear.【衍】swampyadj.沼泽的；湿地的；松软的eruption[i'rApJbn]n.爆发，喷发【频】3【例】TPO24L4It'squitepossiblethatthisisduetovolcaniceruptions,becausevolcaniceruptionsoftenemitgases.Ifthat'sthecase,volcanismcouldverywellbetherootcauseofVenus'sthickcloudcover.【衍】adj.eruptive暴发的，喷出的；eruptv.爆发，喷出；evaporate[i'v田poret]vi.蒸发，挥发【频】3【例】TPO6L4Lessvegetationmeansthesoilcan,tholdwateraswell,thesoillosesitsabilitytoretainwaterwhenitdoesrain.Sothenyouhavelessmoisturetohelpcloudsform,nothingtoevaporateforcloudformation.Andthenthecyclecontinues,lessrain,driersoil,lessvegetation,fewerclouds,lessrainetc.etc..【衍】evaporableadj.易蒸发性的，易挥发的；evaporationn.蒸发，消失；extract['ekstr田kt]vt.开采，提炼【频】3【例】TPO32L3Itwasn,ttheminingitselfthatcausedsuchmassivedestruction.Itwaswhathappenedafterthecopperorewasextractedfromthemines.16【衍】extractableadj.可抽出的，可榨出的；e