我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析培训课件

1、中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按性别）中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按地域）中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率和死亡率全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率具体情况目录 CONTENTS1最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况目录 CONTENTS1最新中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况总体肿瘤发病率和死亡率较高： 肿瘤发病率：每10万人中有286人患癌；一生中有22%的概率患癌症。 肿瘤死亡率：每10万人有181人患癌死亡；一生中有13%的概率患癌死亡； 每分钟就有6人被确诊为癌症，平均每5位癌症患者有3人死亡。2最新我国

2、和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况总体肿瘤发病率和死亡率较高： 中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按性别）相比女性，男性癌症发病率和死亡率都高： 肿瘤发病率：男女之比1.3:1；肿瘤死亡率：男女之比1.65:1。 一生中，男性患癌症概率为26%，女性19% 一生中，男性因患癌死亡概率为17%，女性为9% 患癌人群中，因患癌而死亡的概率，男性(71%)比女性(54%)高3最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按性别）相比女性，男性癌症发病率和死中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按地域）城市人口与农村人口相比，癌症发病率要略高，但一生中

3、因患癌症死亡率要低： 肿瘤发病率：城市与农村之比1.2:1；肿瘤死亡率：城市与农村之比1.02:1 。 一生中，城市患癌症概率为22.23%，农村21.76%。 一生中，城市患癌死亡概率为12%，农村为15%。 患癌人群中，因患癌而死亡的概率，城市人口(60%)比农村人口(71%)低4最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按地域）城市人口与农村人口相比，癌症中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤发病率随人群年龄逐渐上升，特别是50岁以上随年龄增加而大幅上升 50岁以上占全部发病的80%以上；80-85岁最高。5最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/

4、2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤发病率随人群年龄逐渐上升中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤死亡率随人群年龄逐渐上升，特别是60岁以上随年龄增加而大幅上升 60岁以上约占全部死亡的63%以上；85岁以上达到最高。6最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤死亡率随人群年龄逐渐上升中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率和死亡率（总体情况）发病率与死亡率最高的均是肺癌，排名前十病种的发病率占比76.39%。排名前十病种的死亡率占比84.27%.7最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率和死亡率（总体情况）发

5、病率与死亡中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率（按性别）男性发病率最高的是肺癌，其次为胃癌、肝癌。排名前十病种的发病率占比84.14%。女性发病率最高的是乳腺癌，其次为肺癌、结直肠癌。排名前十病种的发病率占比77.57%。8最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率（按性别）男性发病率最高的是肺癌中国排名前十肿瘤病种的死亡率（按性别）男性死亡率最高的是肺癌，其次为肝癌、胃癌。排名前十病种的死亡率占比88.33%。女性死亡率最高的是肺癌，其次为胃癌、肝癌。排名前十病种的死亡率占比81.12%。9最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022中国排名前十肿瘤

6、病种的死亡率（按性别）男性死亡率最高的是肺癌全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率具体情况10最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率具体情况10最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和Worldwide1.1 : 11.26 : 1Total: 12,700,000Total: 7,600,00011最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Worldwide1.1 : 11.26 : 1ToDeveloped countries12最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Developed countries12最新我国和全球肿瘤Developing cou

7、ntries13最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Developing countries13最新我国和全球肿14最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/202214最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/2/202215最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/202215最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/2/202216最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/202216最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/2/2022It should also be noted that cancer tends to be diagnosed at

8、later stages in many developing countries compared with developed countries and this, combined with reduced access to appropriate therapeutic facilities and drugs (Fig.3), has an adverse effect on survival.17最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022It should also be noted that c18最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/202218最新我国

9、和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/2/2022Selected CancersFemale Breast Cancer119最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers119最新我国和全球肿瘤Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, accounting for 23% (1.38 million) of the total new cancer cases and 1

10、4% (458,400) of the total cancer deaths in 2008 (Fig. 2), About half the breast cancer cases and 60% of the deaths are estimated to occur in economically developing countries. 20最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Breast cancer is the most freqIn general, incidence rates are high in Western and Northern Euro

11、pe, Australia/New Zealand, and North America; intermediate in South America, the Caribbean, and Northern Africa; and low in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.21最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022In general, incidence rates arThe factors that contribute to the international variation in incidence rates largely ste

12、m from differences in reproductive and hormonal factors and the availability of early detection services.22最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022The factors that contribute toReproductive factors that increase risk12345long menstrual historyoral contraceptiveslate age at first birthnulliparityrecent use of pos

13、tmenopausal hormone therapy23最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Reproductive factors that incrHow to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer?Maintaining a healthy body weightIncreasing physical activity Minimizing alcohol intake Early detection strategies include the promotion of awareness of early sign

14、s and symptoms and screening by clinical breast examinationBest available strategies24最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022How to reduce the risk of deveSelected CancersColorectal Cancer225最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers225最新我国和全球肿瘤Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer in mal

15、es and the 2nd in females, with over 1.2 million new cancer cases and 608,700 deaths estimated to have occurred in 2008.26最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Colorectal cancer is the 3rd mThe highest incidence rates are found in Australia and New Zealand, Europe, and North America, whereas the lowest rates a

16、re found in Africa and South-Central Asia. Rates are substantiallyhigher in males than in females.27最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022The highest incidence rates arTrends Risk FactorsRates continue to increase in countries with limited resources and health infrastructure, particularly in Eastern Europe and

17、 Eastern AsiaWhile decreasing in several Western countries, particularly in UnitedStates, Canada, and AustraliaSmokingPhysical inactivityOverweight/ObesityRed and processed meat consumption Excessive alcohol consumption Population-based colorectal screening programs* According to a recent randomized

18、 trial in the United Kingdom, a one-time flexible sigmoidoscopy screening between 55 and 64 years of age reduced colorectal cancer incidence by 33% and mortality by 43%.28最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Trends Selected CancersLung Cancer329最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers329最新我国和全球肿瘤Lung cance

19、r was the most commonly diagnosed canceras well as the leading cause of cancer death in males in 2008 globally. Among females, it was the 4th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death. Lung cancer accounts for 13% (1.6 million) of the total cases and 18% (1.4 million)

20、of the deaths in 2008.30最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Lung cancer was the most commoIn males, the highest lung cancer incidence rates are in Eastern and Southern Europe, North America,and Eastern Asia, while rates are low in sub-Saharan Africa. In females, the highest lung cancer incidence rates are fo

21、und in North America, Northern Europe, and Australia/New Zealand.31最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022In males, the highest lung canSmoking accounts for 80% of the worldwide lung cancerburden in males and at least 50% of the burden in females.32最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Smoking accounts for 80% of thMale l

22、ung cancer death rates are decreasing in most Western countries, including many European countries, North America, and Australia, where the tobacco epidemic peaked by the middle of the last century.In contrast, lung cancer rates are increasing in countries such as China and several other countries i

23、n Asia and Africa, where the epidemic has been established more recently and smoking prevalence continues to either increase or show signs of stability.33最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Male lung cancer death rates aby applying proven tobacco control interventions that include raising the price of cigare

24、ttes* and other tobacco products, banning smoking in public places, the restriction of advertising of tobacco products, counter advertising, and treating tobacco dependence.avoid the burden of lung cancerBest strategy* a 10% increase in cigarette prices has been shown to reduce cigarette consumption

25、 by 3% to 5%.34最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022by applying proven tobacco conSelected CancersProstate Cancer435最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers435最新我国和全球肿瘤Prostate cancer is the 2nd most frequently diagnosed cancer and the 6th leading cause of cancer death in males, accounting for 14% (903,500

26、) of the total new cancer cases and 6% (258,400) of the total cancer deaths in males in 2008。36最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Prostate cancer is the 2nd mosIncidence rates vary by more than 25-foldworldwide largely because of the wide utilization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Death rates f

27、or prostate cancer have been decreasing in many developed countries, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the UnitedStates, Italy in part because of the improved treatment with curative intent.37最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Incidence rates vary by more tthe only well-established risk facto

28、rs Older age Race (black) Family historythere are no establishedpreventable risk factors for prostate cancer.38最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022the only well-established riskSelected CancersStomach Cancer539最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers539最新我国和全球肿瘤A total of 989,600 new stomach cancer cases

29、and 738,000 deaths are estimated to have occurred in 2008, accounting for 8% of the total cases and 10% of total deaths . Over 70% of new cases and deaths occur in developing countries. Generally, stomach cancer rates are about twice as high in males as in females.40最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022A tota

30、l of 989,600 new stomachThe highest incidence rates are in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America and the lowest rates are in North America and most parts of Africa.Regional variations in part reflect differences in dietary patterns, particularly in European countries, and the prevalence of

31、 Helicobacter pylori infection.41最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022The highest incidence rates ar1234the increased use and availability of refrigeration including the increased availability of fresh fruits and vegetables, and a decreased reliance on salted and preserved foods.Rates have decreased due to(we

32、stern countries):reductions in chronic H. pylori infection in most parts of the world.reductions in smoking in some parts of the developed world.In Japan, mortality rates may have declined via the introduction of screening using photofluorography.42最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/20221234the increased use an

33、d avaiSelected CancersLiver Cancer643最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers643最新我国和全球肿瘤Liver cancer in men is the 5th most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide but the 2nd most frequent cause of cancer death. In women, it is the 7th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 6th leading cause of c

34、ancer death. An estimated 748,300 new liver cancer cases and 695,900 cancer deaths occurred worldwide in 2008.44最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Liver cancer in men is the 5thHalf of these cases and deaths were estimated to occur in China. Globally, rates are more than twice as high in males as in females

35、.45最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Half of these cases and deathsRisk factors accounting for liver cancer12345 chronic HBV/HCV infectionnonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseobesityalcohol-related cirrhosis aflatoxin B1 (AFB) exposure46最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Risk factors accounting for liLiver cancer incid

36、ence rates are increasing inmany parts of the world including the United Statesand Central Europe, possibly due to the obesity epidemic and the rise in HCV infection through continued transmission by injection drug users.In contrast to the trend in the low-risk areas, ratesdecreased in some historic

37、ally high-risk areas, possibly due to the HBV vaccine. Universal infant hepatitis vaccination programs in Taiwan reduced liver cancer incidence rates by about two-thirds in children and young adults.47最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Liver cancer incidence rates aintroduced the HBV vaccine into their nati

38、onalinfant immunization schedules(Fig. 10).Preventive strategies against HCV, include screening ofdonors blood for antibodies to HCV, institutingadequate infection control practices including the use of oral delivery of medicines where possible, and needle exchange programs among injection drug user

39、s.Crop substitution and improved grain storage practices have been shown to reduce contamination with AFB.avoid the burden of liver cancerBest strategy48最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022introduced the HBV vaccine int49最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/202249最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/2/2022Selected CancersCervical Cancer7

40、50最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers750最新我国和全球肿瘤Cervical cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 4th leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, accounting for 9% (529,800) of the total new cancer cases and 8% (275,100) of the total cancer deaths among females in 20

41、08. More than 85% of these cases and deaths occur in developing countries. India, the 2nd most populous country in the world, accounts for 27% (77,100) of the total cervical cancer deaths.51最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Cervical cancer is the 3rd mosWorldwide, the highest incidence rates are in Eastern

42、, Western, and Southern Africa, as well as South-Central Asia and South America. Rates are lowest in Western Asia, Australia/New Zealand, and North America. The disproportionately high burden of cervical cancer in developing countries and elsewhere in medically underserved populations is largely due

43、 to a lack of screening that allows detection of precancerous and early stage cervical cancer.52最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Worldwide, the highest incidenThe most efficient and cost-effective screening techniques in low-resource countries visual Inspection acetic acid/Lugols iodine HPV DNA testingA r

44、ecent clinical trial in rural India, a low-resource area, found that a singleround of HPV DNA testing was associated with about a 50% reduction in the risk of developing advanced cervical cancer and associated deaths.53最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022The most efficient and cost-efThe expectations that va

45、ccines which primarily protect against the most common strains of HPV infections (HPV types 16 and 18), which cause about 70% of cervical cancers, may prevent cervical cancer worldwide are at present high.However, affordable pricing is the most critical factor to facilitate the introduction of HPV v

46、accines in low- and medium-resource countries in the short term.It is also extremely important that women continue to receive screening services because the current vaccines are being given to adolescent girls only, and even vaccinated girls should begin screening when they reach the recommended scr

47、eening age since the vaccines do not provide protection for the 30% of chronic infections by HPV types other than HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 that cause cervical cancer.Dispute of HPV54最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022The expectations that vaccinesSelected CancersEsophageal855最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected

48、Cancers855最新我国和全球肿瘤Esophageal cancer usually occurs as either squamous cell carcinoma in the middle or upper one-third of the esophagus, or as adenocarcinoma in the lower onethird or junction of the esophagus and stomach.56最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Esophageal cancer usually occuAn estimated 482,300

49、 new esophageal cancer cases and 406,800 deaths occurred in 2008 worldwide. Incidence rates vary internationally by nearly 16-fold, with the highest rates found in Southern and Eastern Africa and Eastern Asia and lowest rates observed in Western and Middle Africa and Central America in both males an

50、d females. Esophageal cancer is 3 to 4 times more common among males than females.57最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022An estimated 482,300 new esophIn the highest risk area, stretching from northern Iran through the central Asian republics to North-Central China, often referred to as theesophageal cancer B

51、elt90% of cases are squamous cell carcinomas.Esophageal Cancer Belt58最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022In the highest risk area, stre Major risk factors (for squamous cell carcinomas) Poor nutritional statusLow intake of fruits and vegetablesDrinking beverages at high TemperaturesSmoking/excessive alcohol

52、consumptionIn low-risk areas such as the United States and several Western countries, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption account for about 90% of the total cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.59最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022 Major risk factors (for sq Major risk factors (for adenoc

53、arcinoma) SmokingOverweight/ObesityChronic gastroesophagealreflux diseaseBarretts esophagus60最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022 Major risk factors (Incidence rates for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus have been increasing in several western countries, in part due to increases in the prevalence of known risk

54、 factors such as overweight and obesity. In contrast, rates for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus have been steadily declining in these same countries because of long-term reductions in tobacco use and alcoholconsumption.61最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Incidence rates for adenocarciSelected Canc

55、ersBladder962最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers962最新我国和全球肿瘤An estimated 386,300 new cases and 150,200 deaths from bladder cancer occurred in 2008 worldwide. The majority of bladder cancer occurs in males and there is a 14-fold variation in incidence internationally. The highest incidence ra

56、tes are found in the countries of Europe, North America, and Northern Africa. Egyptian males have the highest mortalityrates, which is twice as high as the highest rates in Europe and over 4 times higher than that in theUnited States. The lowest rates are found in thecountries of Melanesia and Middl

57、e Africa.63最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022An estimated 386,300 new casesSmoking is the major risk factors in Western countries, whereas chronic infection with Schistosoma hematobium in developing countries, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, accounts for about 50% of the total burden.64最新我国和全球肿

58、瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Smoking is the major risk factSelected CancersLip and Oral Cavity1065最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/4/2022Selected Cancers1065最新我国和全球肿An estimated 263,900 new cases and 128,000 deaths from oral cavity cancer (including lip cancer)occurred in 2008 worldwide. Generally, the highest oral cavity cancer rates are found in Melanesia,South-Central Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe and the lowest in Africa, Ce