托福写作同义词替换词(全)

1、PAGE PAGE 16同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式名词1things that one tries hard to doones undertakings/ ones commitments2The fact is thatThe reality is that3joyhappiness/ delight/ enjoyment4sadnesssorrow/ grief5dangerhazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) 派生 dangerous；hazardous6educationschooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringi

2、ng/ parenting）区分家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如childrens upbringing；而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.7advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135*，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit

3、 advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告）8carAutomobile9economic crisiseconomic meltdown（很接近）/recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression（这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）10famous peoplecelebrities （单数为celebrity）11human beings（备考生使用过多）humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race12wealthfortune(s) （fortu

4、ne作财富的意思时可以加复数）13相关 richwealthy/ affluent (adj.)14skilltechnique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)15派生 skilledadept/ adroit (adj.)16methodmethodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）17fieldsphere/ domain/ arena18understanding of grasp of/ command of19choiceOption20cooperationcollaboration21basic st

5、ructure in a city or a countryInfrastructure 22tiredness for a long timeFatigue23is a must ofis a prerequisite for （是的必备先决条件）24the Internetthe information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)25honestyintegrity26strong belieffaith (in)27aimIntention28worriesanxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）29influenceimpact/

6、 repercussion/ implication30influence on each othermutual influence（类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B31many different kinds ofa variety of/ a wide array of/ a wide range of32wrong ideas held by many peopleMisconceptions33

7、fameprestige/ sterling reputation34rangespectrum35sense recognition36partcomponent （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）37wise相关 sensible (adj.)38gapDisparity39a system for a particular purpose a mechanism for40a solution to sth.a remedy for sth. （生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）41bad students unr

8、uly students/ disruptive students42bad behaviorunethical behavior/ immoral behavior43organizations that help poor peoplecharities/ charitable organizations44differenceDistinction45派生 be different frombe distinct from (adj.)46personIndividual47personality disposition48businessesenterprises（这里指企业）49pr

9、ices that are too highexorbitant prices50the rate ofthe incidence of（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease）51intense enthusiasmzeal/ passion52cultural globalization（有过多人使用这个词）global cultural homogenization53a thing that is necessarya necessity54a thing that is new and interestinga novelty55a thi

10、ng that is rarea rarity56things that people are not sure aboutUncertainties57a world languagea universal language58friendsCompanions59relaxation recreation60self-respect self-esteem and dignity61respect sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard62反义 look down ontreat with contempt = despise (v.)63self-c

11、ontrolself-discipline64criminalConvict65prisonerInmate66drinks alcoholic beverages67people who walk on the streetPedestrians68old generations in historyAncestors69a person who benefits from sth.a beneficiary of sth.70a disease that spreads quicklyan epidemic （注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）71a very unpleasant

12、 way of lifeMisery adj- miserable 72a task that requires lots of effortan arduous task73emotion sentiment74enemy opponent/ foe75narrow mindsinsular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）76a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.77hobby pastime/ diversion78progressprogression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于socie

13、ty/ career/ technology的话题）79failuresetback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）80importancesignificance（当你用了一次importance之后，第二次不妨用这个）81dutyobligation（用于比较重要的责任）82difficultyhindrance/ impediment/ hurdles83pressure from your classmatespeer pressure84citizens who can worklabor force/ workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）8

14、5problems or diseases that exist for a long timepersistent problems/ chronic diseases86a life without regular exercisea sedentary lifestyle87resultconsequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）88thoughts considerations89the lack of knowledgeignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）90harm (n.)adverse effect91harm (vt.)

15、damage destroy/ ruin （这两个词比damage程度更重）spoil（后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/ environment）undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如ones future/ ones career）tarnish （后面跟ones reputation/ image）sap/ dampen （后面跟ones enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）92派生 harmfuldetrimental (ad

16、j.)93派生 be harmful to pose a threat to94bad luckMisfortune95troubleadversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship96crimeoffense/ criminal act97youth crime juvenile delinquency98criminaloffender/ culprit/ perpetrator99serious crimeheinous crime/ felony100a minor crimea misdemeanor101shortage (of)scarcity

17、(of)/ dearth (of)102the only onean exception103places where animals liveHabitat形容词104worrying disturbing105very popularprevalent/ ubiquitous106TRUEgenuine (truly a genuinely)107deepprofound （深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thoughts）108strongpowerful/ mighty109weak vulnerable110hard-w

18、orkingindustrious（注意不是industrial，而diligent那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）111very disappointingLamentable可悲的/ pathetic112be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of)113be not as good asbe inferior to114be better thanbe superior to115uninterestingmundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum116manynumer

19、ous（注意要跟可数名词）117complicatedIntricate118strangeodd/ bizarre/ eccentric（单weird有点过于口语化了）119cannot be turned backbe irreversible120produce useful resultsProductive121practical realistic122maturesophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）123selfishself-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric124proud （贬义）Conceited125s

20、uitableFitting126most suitableOptimal127lonelyisolated/ alienated128aloneSolitary129be easily influenced by sth.be susceptible to sth. （一般是坏事情，比如a disease/ attacks）130is better thanis superior to131not as good asis inferior to132be the samebe identical/ be homogenous/ be uniform（后面两个词比较正式，一般是说cultur

21、al globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫school uniforms了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）133interesting stimulating134boring monotonous/ repetitive135uselessRedundant136smartIntelligent137famousRenowned138positive desirable/ encouraging139happyDelighted140enjoyableDelightful141can be usedbe available142hard to understan

22、dbewildering/ baffling/ confusing143(laws/ rules/ people) not strictLenient144healthywholesome（注意说人的健康还是要用healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome）145good for the envrionmenteco-friendly（比如Biking is far more eco-friendly than driving their SUVs.）146nervous/ anxious apprehensive147doubt sth.be skeptical abo

23、ut sth.148fair justified149unfair unwarranted/ unjustifiable150hugeenormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal151smalltiny/ miniscule（后面一般跟抽象名词）152have many different abilitiesbe versatile/ be well-rounded153be familiar withbe well-acquainted with154very successful/ admirableDistinguished155properAppropriate

24、156typicalquintessential （这个语气非常强）157exactprecise/ accurate158uglyUnsightly159poor-qualitysubstandard (housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines)160the presentthe current/ the existing（比如the current financial crisis/ the existing environmental problems)161outdatedantiquated/ obsolete162highly-re

25、spectedEsteemed163complete(adj.)/ wholeEntire164spend a lot of moneylead an extravagant/ a lavish life165openenlightened/ progressive （开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容govern-ment 或者society）166sth. must be carried outsth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory167with long historytime-honored（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如tradition/ practice/

26、 methods/ heritage）168continuing foreverPerpetual169importantsignificant essential vital(这三个词的重要性依次递增)170very attractivevery appealing/ fascinating/ captivating171very carefulCautious172be very interested inbe absorbed in/ be engrossed in173be qualified forbe eligible for174disappointingFrustrating1

27、75wrongErroneous176long and a bit annoyingLengthy177very difficultdaunting/ formidable178being spread in uncontrolled wayrampant （后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime, pollution 或者discrimination）179cruel inhumane/ merciless180fatoverweight/ obese（后面这个已经胖出病了）181having wrong opinionsskewed/ biased （这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用，表

28、示“有偏见的”）182including many thingscomprehensive （综合的，全面的）183enoughadequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant（注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)184too muchExcessive185very littleminimal （注意不是minimum）186cause bad effectscounterproductive （其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive)187strictstringent （后面一般跟laws, me

29、asures或者rules）188urgentpressing (problems)189quiettranquil and serene （美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）动词190make sth. strongstrengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.191make sth. weakweaken/ erode （侵蚀）192make sth. betterenhance/ better（很少看到国内考生用better当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达 ）193make sth. worseaggravat

30、e/ exacerbate sth.194control(a negative trend)curb(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)195stopCease196manage sth. regulate sth./oversee sth.197appearemerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）198die outgo extinct199fail to seeneglect/ overlook200setfreerelease (prisoners/ stress)201begincommence/ initia

31、te (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)202narrow/ bridge the gap between A and B(注意这里bridge作动词）反义 widen the gap between A and B203be forced to do sth.be compelled to do sth.204keep complaining about sth.grumble about sth.205try hard to do sth.pursue sth.(ones goal/ones career/ business interests/ max

32、imum profit/ hegemony)206do sth. perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事”）207do not do sth.refrain from doing sth.208carry outImplement209turnintoconvertto/ into210decreasedecline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/ dip/ slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降)211make a crimecommit a crime（注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不地道的英文）212commit a cr

33、ime againrevert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）213punishPenalize214派生punishmentPenalty215spreadpropagate/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief这类名词）216develop fastflourish/ thrive217develop （这里作“培养”的意思cultivate/ foster/ nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues）218相关fast-developi

34、ngBurgeoning219acceptadopt（注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）220buildConstruct221gathergarner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen222measuregauge, 比measure稍正式一点223teach sth.impart sth./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要替换）224startinitiate 多用于政府类

35、话题225supportespouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）226praise compliment/ extol（后面这个语气很强）227support buttress/ bolster228prove/ confirmVerify229creategenerate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity) breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/

36、 crime/ resentment）spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations）230use utilize/exploit231useagainRecycle232work hardwork assiduously233get acquire（注意acquire/ gain knowledge比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）234considercontemplate/ reflect on/ ponder235meetencounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题236provide sth

37、.afford sth. （在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”237needrequire（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）238like sth. very much have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.239be unhappy aboutcomplain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.)240ask forRequest241raiseelevate，就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”而

38、不能表示抚养小孩的意思242look like sth.resemble sth.243treatpoorlymistreat/ abuse244consider sth. valuablevalue sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.245keep maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟 traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）246mix togetherblend/ combine/ synthesize247solvetackle/ combat/ a

39、ddress248noticeDiscern249understand to mean/ to beinterpretas（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把理解为）250choose sth./ choose to do sth.opt for sth./ opt to do sth.251achievefulfill (ones dream/ ones goal/ ones potential/ ones obligation/ ones promise/ ones task)252appear in large numberssprout up/ mushroom253make less

40、seriousrelieve/ ease/ alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）254payfor (ones loss)compensatefor255payfor (ones effort)rewardfor256make sth. fasteraccelerate sth./ speed up sth.257joinparticipate in258outweightprevail over（大家应该已经注意到了，议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这

41、个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）259contribute topromote/ facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to）260prevent the development ofhinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct261find out identify262encourage sb. tomotivate sb. to263like sth. very muchadore sth.264dislike sth. very muchabhor/ detest/ loathe265hateresen

42、t/ hold a grudge against266limitrestrict/ constrain267avoid bypass/ eschew/ shun268is not limited tois not restricted to/ is not confined to（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）269be so surprisedbe astonished/ be astounded/ be startled270decideDetermine271move torelocate to/ have been relocated to272come fromorig

43、inate from/ in273improveboost/ enhance（比如boost solidarity增进团结/ enhance productivity提高生产率）274wasteuse lavishly275attackassail （语气更强烈）276reducecurtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）277increaseaugment（多用于政府投资类话题）278helpAssist279help (n.)Assistance280set upEstablish281try to do sth.attempt to d

44、o sth.282try hard to do sth.make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.283changeAlter284change a lotfundamentally change/ radically change/ transform285solveaddress/ combat286correct (vt.)rectify (a mistake)287take downdemolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）288Obeyabide by/ comply with/ confor

45、m to (后面跟the law/ rules/ regulations等）289Banban altogether/ strictly prohibit290criticizecondemn/ denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）291increaseshow an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trend292depend onhinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于 ）293depend onrely on（意思是：依靠）294deal withcope with295

46、do ones best to do mit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do ones utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.296use upexhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limit297report the details of sth.report sth. In graphic detail298prevent sb. from focusing ondistract sb. from299spe

47、nd A on B dedicate A to B300use too muchstretch to the limit/ put a strain on301pourdischarge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）302get used toget accustomed to303die outgo extinct304continue to existPersist305come withbe attended by / be accompanied by306broaden on

48、es horizonsexpand ones outlook/ enlarge ones vision (broaden ones horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)307break the lawviolate the law308put sb. In prisonincarcerate sb.309make laws againstlegislate against310相关lawlegislation (名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数）311make sth. activestimulate （后面经常跟imagina

49、tion/ creativity/ interest/ economic growth等词汇）312make ones dream come truefulfill ones potential/ attain ones goal313have the right to do sth.be entitled to do sth.314lead to change inact as a catalyst for change in315stick toadhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）316deal with the needmeet the demand/

50、satisfy the need317take away from sb.deprive sb. of（省略号中可以填入freedom/ leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容)318give sb. the ability toenable sb. to319get a clear idea ofget a clear perspective of320be lostgo astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写get lost)321spend too much time onbe addicted to/ be preoccupied wit

51、h/ be obsessed with (这三个词组的语气越来越强)322prepare forpave the way for/ lay the groundwork for/ lay a solid foundation for（为打好基础）323break the balanceupset the balance324balance A and Bstrike a balance between A and B (在A 和B之间争取一种平衡)325catchcapture326think of asregardas/ viewas/perceiveas327get rid ofelimi

52、nate/ remove328get rid ofabolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）329make higherdrive up（后面经常跟the crime rate/ unemployment rate）副词330more and more +adj.Increasingly +adj. 但要注意如果后面不是adj. 而是noun, 那么就可以用an increasing number of （跟可数名词）/ an increasing amount of（跟不可数名词）来代替331mainlyprimarily/ principally/ chiefly332In the old

53、days,Traditionally,/ Historically,333now currently334Actually, Technically,（严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常帮的词语）335very soonimmediately336not often at allrarely337completelyentirely338do sth. without careful thoughtdo sth. Impulsively339blindlyindiscriminately（不加选择的）/mechanically（机械的）340only

54、merely （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）341a little/ a bitsomewhat (注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换)342mainlyprimarily/ principally/ chiefly短语或句型343aboutregarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ with regard to344beforeprior to345a fewa handful of (请注意仅指少数时a couple of容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化)346Although

55、, the real situation isHypothetically,/ Theoretically,/ In theory/ Ideally,.But in reality, / But in actuality,/ But in practice,(Ideally 指“理想化地说”)347Most young peopleYoung people tend to=Young people typically (tend to 和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）348needs to be changedis crying out for reform（固定短语）349be punished