36大学英语语法第六讲非谓语动词PPT课件(65页PPT)

1、第六讲 非谓语动词 第1页，共65页。非谓语动词非谓语动词就是在句中不能单独作谓语的动词，有动词不定式、动词的ing形式和ed形式三种。第2页，共65页。非谓语动词一、动词不定式动词不定式由 “to动词原形” 构成，有三种时态：(1)一般式to do，不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生；(2)进行时to be doing，不定式与谓语动词的动作同时发生；第3页，共65页。非谓语动词(3)完成时to have done，不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。被动形式to be done和to have been done。否定形式为not to do。不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、

2、状语和补语。第4页，共65页。非谓语动词1作主语To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。第5页，共65页。非谓语动词2作宾语(1)可用不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want，wish，agree，like，decide，begin，start，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，intend，refuse等。I wish to see you soon.我希望能早日见到你。(2)可用疑问代词或疑问副词what，which，whom，where，when，how加不定式作宾语，但不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语

3、要一致。第6页，共65页。非谓语动词I really dont know what to do/how to do it.我确实不知道该怎么做。(3)不定式作介词but和except的宾语时，其前若有do动词，则要省略to。She could do nothing but cry.除了哭，她别无他法。第7页，共65页。非谓语动词3作表语The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat.减肥的最好办法是减少体内脂肪。第8页，共65页。非谓语动词【注意】若主语部分有行为动词do时，作表语的不定式可带to，也可省to。All w

4、e could do was (to) watch him.我们能做的就是注视他。第9页，共65页。非谓语动词4作定语I have a lot of work to do today.我今天有很多事要做。第10页，共65页。非谓语动词5作状语He went abroad to learn English.他去国外是为了学习英语。(表目的，相当于in order to)He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站却发现列车已开走了。(表结果)表结果时常见于下列句型：too. to.，so/such.as to.

5、，enough. to.，only to.。He wept to hear the news.听到那消息后他哭了。(表原因)第11页，共65页。非谓语动词【注意】作目的状语时，不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之后发生；作原因状语时，不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生。第12页，共65页。非谓语动词6作补语接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有：advise，allow，permit，ask，beg，persuade，want，order，encourage，force，get，invite，expect，teach，wish，warn等。Ill try to get her to see the doctor

6、.我会尽力让她去看医生。第13页，共65页。非谓语动词【注意】感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to，但当句子为被动语态时，则不能省to。这类词有：一感(feel)，二听(hear，listen to)，三让(let，have，make)，五看(see，watch，notice，observe，look at)。They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood.他们很了解她，是看着她长大的。(省to)The patient was made not to eat oily food after the ope

7、ration。病人术后不准吃油腻食品。(不能省to)第14页，共65页。非谓语动词按括号中的要求完成下列句子。(1)It takes about 10 minutes_(步行去汽车站)【答案】to get to the bus station on foot(2)He is always the first one_ _(到达学校)【答案】to get to school考点链接第15页，共65页。非谓语动词(3)Have you had Peter_(clean) the windows?为什么？【答案】clean(4)Ive come here_(tell) you that your p

8、arents are going to see you this evening.【答案】to tell第16页，共65页。非谓语动词(5)He made Tom do his homework in the study room all night.(改用被动语态)Tom_his homework in the study room all night.【答案】was made to do(6)To complete the project by the end of this month is necessary.(改用形式主语)_the project by the end of thi

9、s month.【答案】It is necessary to complete第17页，共65页。非谓语动词(7)The boy pretended that he didnt see me when he passed by me.(改用不定式作宾语)The boy pretended_when he passed by me.【答案】not to see me第18页，共65页。非谓语动词二、动词-ing形式1作主语动名词作主语时，往往指规律性或经常性发生的事。谓语动词用单数。有时可用it作形式主语。第19页，共65页。非谓语动词【注意】It is no use/good doing st

10、h. “做某事没有用” 是固定句式。如：Its no use reasoning with him.和他理论是没有用的。第20页，共65页。非谓语动词2作宾语(1)作动词宾语。在某些动词后面，只能接动名词作宾语。如：enjoy，mind，suggest，miss，cant help，be worth，imagine，escape，avoid，admit，allow，forbid，keep，finish，consider(考虑)，appreciate等。(2)作介词宾语。如：By doing so，we can make it easier.第21页，共65页。非谓语动词【注意】有些带to的短语

11、后只能接doing，即to是介词。如：refer to，lead to，look forward to，pay attention to，be devoted to，be used to等。第22页，共65页。非谓语动词3.作表语(1)动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。(可以说成Teaching English is his job.)第23页，共65页。非谓语动词(2)现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，说明主语的性质；可有比较形式，亦可被very等副词所修饰。He was very amusing.他很

12、有趣。Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比溜冰更刺激。第24页，共65页。非谓语动词4作定语(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能；被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用 “名词for动名词” 来表达；动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前。Heres a swimming pool(a pool for swimming)这里有一个游泳池。(pool与swimming没有主谓关系)第25页，共65页。非谓语动词(2)现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作；被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达；单个的现在分词作定语，常置

13、于被修饰的名词的前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。Nobody can stop the running horse (the horse that is running)没有人能阻止那匹奔马。(horse与running在逻辑上有主谓关系)第26页，共65页。非谓语动词I know the man standing there (who is standing there)我认识站在那儿的那个人。(the man与standing there在逻辑上有主谓关系)第27页，共65页。非谓语动词5作状语现在分词作状语表示在进行某一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪

14、衬的作用。现在分词或分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、行为方式或伴随状况等。第28页，共65页。非谓语动词Walking around the city，we were impressed by the development of industry.在城市里走时，这个城市工业的发达给我们留下了深刻的印象。(时间)Using your mind，youll work out the problem.用用你的脑子，你就会解出这道题。(条件)第29页，共65页。非谓语动词Being ill，he cant go to school like other children.因为生病，他不

15、能像其他小孩一样去上学。(原因)He worked late into night，preparing for the coming test.他工作到深夜，准备即将到来的考试。(伴随)Traveling by train，we visited a lot of cities.我们坐火车访问了许多城市。(方式)第30页，共65页。非谓语动词6作宾语补足语(1)动词ing形式用作宾语补足语，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中)”。She caught them stealing her apples.她撞见他们偷她的苹果。(them与stealing有主动关系；在“撞

16、见”时，正在偷)I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感到风迎面吹来。(the wind与blowing有主动关系；在“感觉到”时正在吹)第31页，共65页。非谓语动词(2)试比较以下句子：I saw the boy climb the wall.我看见小孩爬墙。(强调爬墙这件事)I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见小孩正在爬墙。(强调爬墙的情景)第32页，共65页。非谓语动词1.用动词的ing形式转换下列各句。(1)Its necessary to get water from wet to dry place

17、s._ _from wet to dry places_necessary.【解析】动名词作主语。【答案】Getting water；is考点链接第33页，共65页。非谓语动词(2)Tom was late again，which made his teacher angry._ _ _ again made his teacher angry.【解析】动名词作主语。【答案】Toms being late为什么？第34页，共65页。非谓语动词(3)When he approached me，he gave me a hug._ _ me，he gave me a hug.【解析】现在分词作状语

18、。【答案】When approaching第35页，共65页。非谓语动词(4)Because he was absent from many classes，he failed the exam._ _from many classes，he failed the exam.【解析】现在分词作状语。【答案】Being absent第36页，共65页。非谓语动词(5)He sat there and read a novel.He sat there_ _ _.【解析】现在分词作状语。【答案】reading a novel第37页，共65页。非谓语动词2用所给动词的适当形式填空。(1)_(do)

19、 research is not easy in the countryside.【解析】动名词作主语。【答案】Doing(2)Mike enjoys_(talk) to foreigners in English.【解析】动名词作动词宾语。【答案】talking第38页，共65页。非谓语动词(3)Many city kids look forward to_(visit) the farm.【解析】动名词作介词的宾语。【答案】visiting(4)I remember_(give) him the book yesterday.【解析】表示记得做了某事，remember后接动名词作宾语。【答

20、案】giving第39页，共65页。非谓语动词(5)The speed of the horses was_(amaze)【解析】现在分词作表语。【答案】amazing(6)This is a _(bore)story.【解析】现在分词作定语。【答案】boring第40页，共65页。非谓语动词(7)Do you know the man_(talk) to Jack?【解析】现在分词短语作定语，相当于who is talking。【答案】talking(8)I dont like that_(wash) machine.【解析】动名词作定语，表示用途。【答案】washing第41页，共65页。

21、非谓语动词(9)Dont leave him_(wait) outside in the rain.【解析】现在分词作宾补。【答案】waiting(10)Her_(shake) hands suggested that she felt scared.【解析】动名词短语作主语。【答案】shaking第42页，共65页。非谓语动词三、动词的-ed形式1作定语单独一个过去分词作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词之前；分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后。The excited people rushed into the building.兴奋的人们冲进了大楼。The novel written by h

22、im is very popular.他写的那本小说很受欢迎。第43页，共65页。非谓语动词【注意】及物动词的过去分词作定语时，既有被动意义又表示动作的完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，则没有被动意义，只表示动作的完成。The food bought yesterday is for the dinner party.昨天买的食物是为晚会做准备的。They will visit some developed countries.他们将访问一些发达国家。第44页，共65页。非谓语动词2作表语过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。(1)用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和

23、状态。此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词。The path is covered with ice.路上覆盖着冰。第45页，共65页。非谓语动词(2)表示感觉的一些过去分词(disappointed，excited，surprised，pleased等)及其他一些过去分词(lost，known，married，dressed，drunk，devoted，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。第46页，共65页。非谓语动词The happy time is gone forever.那快乐的时光一去不复返了。Later they found

24、 that they were lost.后来他们发现迷路了。【注意】过去分词作表语时，主语通常为人。第47页，共65页。非谓语动词3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词，与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系，或者说宾语与作宾补的过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三种情况：(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear，see，find等。第48页，共65页。非谓语动词I heard the song sung.我听到有人唱过这首歌。(2)表示“使役”意义的动词，如have，get等。He got his watch repaired.他让人修了他的手表。(3)表示

25、“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如want等。I want the job finished by Friday.我希望这项工作在星期五前完成。第49页，共65页。非谓语动词4作状语作状语时，过去分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、条件等，相当于一个状语从句。Given (If he is given) more time，he will do it better.再给他多点时间，他会做得更好。Born (As he was born) into a poor family，he had only two years of schooling.他出身

26、于贫困家庭，(因此)只上了两年学。第50页，共65页。非谓语动词【注意】有些过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。此用法的过去分词及短语有：seated (坐)；hidden (躲)；dressed in (穿衣)；tired of(厌烦)；born(出身于)；lost/absorbed in (沉迷于)；lost (迷路)；determined to (决定)等。Lost in thought，he didnt notice that everyone had gone.因沉迷于思考之中，他没注意到所有人都走了。第51页，共65页。非谓语动词过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和

27、句子的主语相一致，若不一致，需在过去分词前另加主语，构成过去分词的独立主格结构。The signal given，the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。第52页，共65页。 1._ more attention, the tree could have grown better. （条件状语）A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century（定

28、语） A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. writtenPractice第53页，共65页。3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.（原因） A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 4. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.（条件） begins B. having begun C. b

29、eginning D. begun 第54页，共65页。 一、分析句子结构 解题步骤第55页，共65页。1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. To be toldC. He was told D. Though he was told分析：用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子，故选C。第56页，共65页。2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. To be toldC. He was told D. Though he was told分析：句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。第57页，共65页。二、分析逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。第58页，共65页。1. _no buses , we have to walk home .2. _Sunday , I shall have a quie