Grammar-过去分词作定语和表语

1、Discovering Useful StructuresUsed as the Attribute and PredicativePast participle (1)1. So many thousands of terrified people died.2. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.attributeattribut

2、epredicativeWhat is the past participle used for?a piece of broken glassboiled watera used stampa buried box of coinsa damaged computerworn-out shoes一片碎玻璃一片碎玻璃开水开水一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票一箱埋起来的硬币一箱埋起来的硬币穿破的鞋子穿破的鞋子一台损坏了的计算机一台损坏了的计算机过去分词作定语过去分词作定语Translate the following phrases.Complete the table with phrases t

3、hat have the same meaning.terrified peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma pleased winnerpeople terrified of (cholera)seats reserved for water polluted by a room crowded of a winner pleased at children astonished at/by a vase broken by a door closed by the audience tired by an animal trap

4、ped in /byastonished childrena closed door the tired audience a trapped animal a broken vase 一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。完成的意义，常作前置定语。 a lost animal 一只迷路的动物一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币 a

5、lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 spoken English 英语口语英语口语 written exercises 书面练习书面练习 少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家发达国家 a drunken man 一个醉鬼一个醉鬼 a returned stude

6、nt 一名归国留学生一名归国留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 过去的岁月过去的岁月2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。成意义。 How I regretted the hours wasted in thewoods! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth The books written by Lu Xun are popular Well go to

7、visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1) He told us of the great wrong done to him. = He told us of the great wrong _ to him.which had been done 注注: : 本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完 成。成。2）The United States is a developed country. = Th

8、e United Stated is a country _ .which has developed注注: : 本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3）Have you noticed the bridge being built there?= Have you noticed the bridge _ there?which is being built注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。在进行。 I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm. A. to

9、catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching 解析：小女孩是解析：小女孩是“被困被困”在暴风雪中，所在暴风雪中，所以空白处应填过去分词作后置定语。以空白处应填过去分词作后置定语。2. The girl _ down by a car was dying. A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock 解析：小女孩是解析：小女孩是“被被”小汽车小汽车“撞倒撞倒”的，的，所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。BC典型例题典型例题 After completing and sig

10、ning it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide解析解析: 动词动词provide与其逻辑主语与其逻辑主语envelop是是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。 题意为：题意为：“表格填完之后，请表格填完之后，请将其放入为您提供的信封中，返还给我们将其放入为您提供的信封中，返还给我们”。B高考真题高考真题2. “Its such a nice place.” Mo

11、ther said as she sat at the table _ for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved解析：解析：reserve 和谓语动词和谓语动词sat 之间没有连词，之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语且和其逻辑主语the table 逻辑上构成被动关逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。在句子中做后置定语。 table reserved for customers意为：预定给顾客的桌子。意为：预定给顾

12、客的桌子。 D3. Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed4. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ to our shop for quality problems.A. returning B. returnedC. to return D. to be retur

13、nedCB5. The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected解析：分析句子结构可知，解析：分析句子结构可知，“_ from the whole country”是分词短语作后置定语修饰是分词短语作后置定语修饰the players，再结合语境可知此处表示，再结合语境可知此处表示“被挑被挑选出来的选出来的”，故用过去分词短语作后置定语，故用过去分词短语作

14、后置定语，故答案为故答案为C。C6. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded解析：句中的主语解析：句中的主语Tsinghua University与与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间再根据时间1911年可知年可知found动作已经完成，动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语

15、。本句的意思是：成立于定语。本句的意思是：成立于1911年的清华年的清华大学，是许多卓越人物的家园。大学，是许多卓越人物的家园。A7. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered解析：该空在句中作后置定语，修饰解析：该空在句中作后置定语，修饰the money，根据，根据the money与与discover的被动关系，的被动关系，排除排除C、D两项。两项。B项表示的是项表示的是“将要被发现将要被

16、发现”的意思，根据句意的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选可判断选A项。项。A8. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning解析：解析：question与与students 存在被动关系，存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。分词。C9

17、. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing解析：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题解析：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是后，空格后部分是对对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。根据句意，词做定语。根据句意，borrow的动作已经的动作已经完成，因此选择完成，因此选择C。C10. The island, _

18、 to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined解析：解析：join to 表示表示“把把连接起连接起来来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句相当于定语从句which is joined 。C过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上 首先，在语态上不同：现在分词表示主首先，在语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多表示被动的

19、意思。动的意思，而过去分词多表示被动的意思。请比较：请比较：surprising news 使人吃惊的消息使人吃惊的消息 surprised listeners 吃惊的听众吃惊的听众值得注意的是，有一些过去分词由不及物值得注意的是，有一些过去分词由不及物动词变来，它们只表示一个动作已完成，动词变来，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。例如：没有被动的意味。例如：fallen leaves 落叶落叶其次，时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在其次，时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。请比较：词所表示的动作

20、往往已经完成。请比较： the changing world 正在发生变化的世界正在发生变化的世界 the changed world 已经变化了的世界已经变化了的世界There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed答案答案B。由于声音在闪电后，因此为。由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。为主动。用现在分词。_ some officials,

21、 Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed答案答案B。 Napoleon 与与follow 之间有被动的之间有被动的含义。含义。being followed除表达被动之外，除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by (被被跟随跟随)。本题可改为：。本题可改为：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.Read the sent

22、ences, paying attention to the past participle.The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded. The ground is covered with snow. I found that I was lost. Those days are gone. He is dead drunk. 二、过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种在内的多种形式。形式。 Everyon

23、e present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。动作的承受者。 This shop is now closed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经

24、关门了。(状态状态) This shop is closed at 6 p.m. every day 这家商店每天这家商店每天6点关门。点关门。(动作）动作） 3、 现在分词作表语，表示的动作与句子的现在分词作表语，表示的动作与句子的 主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词 作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系。如：的动宾关系。如： The news was exciting and we were all excited. The news was exciting and it excited us all.

25、 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. What he said at the meeting surprised us. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 解析：解析： remain seated 为系表结构，表为系表结构，表示状态。示状态。典型例题典型例题C In April, thousan

26、ds of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuckD. to have stuck解析：解析：remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。B高考真题高考真题2. _ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. A. Being rai

27、sed B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise3. _in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing C C 4. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed解析：此题中的解析：此题中的got + separated表示状态，表示状态， separated 为过去

28、分词作表语。为过去分词作表语。get / be separated常与常与 from 连用，故答案为连用，故答案为 A。A一、单项填空。一、单项填空。 The concert _ at the Beijing Workers Stadium was a big success. A. held B. holding C. hold D. to hold2. Walking out of the office with a _ smile on her face, she turned to say goodbye to her teacher. A. forcing B. forced C.

29、being forced D. having forced AB4. He asked his students to remain _ until all the papers had been handed in. A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated 4. There was nothing _ in the fridge, so he had to go out for dinner. A. to leave B. leavingC. left D. to be left5. The students were all _ wh

30、en they heard the _ news. A. inspired; inspiring B. inspired; inspired C. inspiring; inspired D. inspiring; inspiring ADC6. When he got back, he found that his bread had gotten _. A. to burn B. burnt C. burning D. to be burnt 7. The police said on Thursday that they had a _ person of the murder, whi

31、ch could be a great help to them. A. feared B. doubted C. questioned D. suspected BD二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 Fortunately, the _ (infect) people were sent to hospital immediately.2. The primary purpose is to make achievements in biological research _ (know) to the public.3. “To see is _ (believe)!” I couldnt help telling myself. infected known to believe4. John told me that the _ (excite) plan was the one put forward by Mr. Zhang at yesterdays meeting.5. When he came back, he found his son pretended to _ (work).6. The museum once _ (build) for exhibiting famous cars has been pu