Unit3Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare知识点整理

1、Unit 3 Could you tell me where the restrooms are?语法宾语从句的用法：1.定义：动词后的句子叫宾语从句。I think我认为 I wonder我想知道 He said他说 或He said to me 他对我说He asked他问 或He asked me他问我 He told me他告诉我2.语序：宾语从句用陈述语序（陈述语序=引导词+肯定句的构成） 一般现在时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+ is/are/are +其他。或引导词+主语+ 动词原形/三单+其他 一般过去时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+was/were+其他。或引导词+主语+动词的过

2、去式+其他。 现在进行时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+ is/am/are+ 动词-ing +其他。 过去进行时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+ was/were+ 动词-ing +其他。 一般将来时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+is/am/are going to+动词原形+其他。或引导词+主语+will+动词原形+其他。 过去将来时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+was/were going to+动词原形+其他。或引导词+主语+would+动词原形+其他。 现在完成时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。 过去完成时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。

3、3.引导词：宾语从句的引导词有三类：that可省略，不翻译。He says (that) he will study hard next term.if/whether是否 I wondered if/whether he would come here.特殊疑问词：如what,where,how,when等。 My teacher asked me where I lived.4.时态：当主句是一般过去时时，宾语从句必须用过去的某种时态（如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） He does his homework every day.His mother said that

4、he did his homework every day. He is listening to tapes. His mother said that he was listening to tapes. He will return here next Friday. His mother said that he would return here the next Friday. He has already finished reading the book. His mother said that he had already finished reading the book

5、.注意：当宾语从句是客观事实或普遍真理时，永远都用一般现在时。 The earth goes around the sun. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.必背：I dont know what I can do.=I dont know what to do.我不知道我能做什么。I didnt know what I could do.=I didnt know what to do.我不知道我能做什么。I wonder if/whether he will come here.我想知道是否他将来这儿。I won

6、dered if/whether he would come here.我想知道是否他将来这儿。练习题:1. The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A.could take B.can take C.takes D.will take2. The police asked the man _.A.where did he liveB.where does he live C.where he lived D.where he lives3. Tina said she _ to the meeting the next Tu

7、esday.A. wont go B. isnt going C. wouldnt go D. wasnt go4. I told my classmates Uncle Wang _ the TV set for us. A.will mend（修理） B. would mend C. is mendingD. can mend5. They said they _ a birthday party at 9:00 last night.A. were having B. are having C. had D. have6. I said to my daughter,“Dont make

8、 any mistakes in it.” = I _ my daughter _any mistakes in it. A. asked; dont make B. ordered; didnt make C. told; not to make D. told; to not make7. The earth goes round the sun. What did he say? I couldnt hear him. _.A.He says the earth goes round the sun. B.He said the earth goes round the sun.C.He

9、 said the earth went round the sun. D.He says the earth went round the sun.8. Tom says he_ wash hands before a meal.A. must to B. will has to C. has to D. have to9.I said I (can not)hear him clearly.10.They said they (watch)TV at this time yesterday.11.She said that she (return) here the next Friday

10、.Section A1. “问路”时为了使语气委婉、有礼貌，要经常使用Excuse me以及表示委婉语气的Can/Could/Will/Would you please do sth.句型。（please可以省略），这样会更容易从对方那里得到消息。Can/Could/Will/Would you please do sth? 意为“你能吗？”肯定回答用Sure./Of course./Certainly/With pleasure.愿意效劳/No problem/OK.否定回答用Sorry.I cant,I have to/Im afraid I cant等Can/Could/Will/Wou

11、ld you please not do sth? 意为“你能不吗？”回答一般是Sorry, I wont do that/it again练习:(1)Could you please help me choose an MP4 player online? .My computer doesnt work.A.I dont care B. I hope so C.Im afraid I cant(2)I cant find my seat.Could you show me,sir? .May I see your ticket,please?A.Sure B.I agree C.Good

12、idea D.It doesnt matter(3) you wait a few more minutes? Itll be your turn soon.A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Might(4)Would you please _ football near my home?   _.A. not to play, No                   

13、;B. not play, Yes, I will do that againC. not play, Sorry, I wont do that again    D. dont play, Sorry, I wont do that again(5)Could you please make me a kite? _ .A. Sorry, no problem B. Certainly, no problem C. Excuse me, I can' t D. No, can' t2.在英语中，疑问词+to do形式 如：how to

14、 get to the park可以作宾语，相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）如：I dont know how to solve the problem.=I dont know how I can solve the problem. Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave? 背：I dont know what to do=I dont know what I can do? I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation.W

15、hat about you?I havent decided where_ .A.go B.went C.going D.to go3.常用的问路句子：Excuse me.Is there a post office near here?Excuse me.Which is the way to the post office?Excuse me.Could you tell me how to get to the post office?Excuse me.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?Excuse me.Could

16、you tell me where the post office is? 4. get 意为“得到、买、到达”在英语中，有三个词可以表示“到达”，但用法不同(1)arrive是不及物动词,后面需接介词at 或in,再和表示地点的名词连用.arrive at常跟一个较小的地方;arrive in常跟一个较大的地方.He arrived at the village at 7:30. I will arrive in Beijing tomorrow. (2)reach是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语I will ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.我一到北京就给你

17、打电话(3)get是不及物动词,后面需加介词to,再跟表示地点的名词.Please write to us when you get to Beijing.注意:get和arrive后跟表地点的副词时,则不需接介词.My father often gets home early.我父亲经常回家早.5. get sb sth=get sth for sb意为“为某人买/拿来某物”Why dont you get her a scarf? = ?Get me a cup of tea.=Get a cup of tea for me.6.与buy有关的常用句型(1)buy sb.sth=buy s

18、th for sb意为“给某人买某物” She buys her friend a present.= .(2)buy sth from意为“从某处买某物”She buys a present from the store.练习：I want to buy a shirt _ my father. A. toB. on C. forD. in7. sell sb sth =sell sth to sb.意为“把某物卖给某人”I sold my car to my younger brother.= .8.turn left向左转 turn right向右转9.go past the bank=

19、pass the bank 经过银行 动词是pass，常用短语pass by. On my way home,I pass by a bank. 10.区分between和among(1)between指在两者之间，常用短语between and “在和之间”Lily is between Ann and Tom. (2)among意为“在之间”指在三者或三者以上之间 He sits among the children. The workers will build a new railroad the two cities. A.since B.between C.as D.during1

20、1.go along=go down=go up意为“沿着向前走”，多指沿街、道路、河边或堤坝向前走。 Go along this road,and youll find the bank at the end.12.on the right/left,表示“在右边、左边” on ones right/left意为“在某人的右边、左边”There is a park on your right.13.beside介词，意为“在旁边；在附近”They lived in a small village beside a river.14.a pair of意为“一双、一对、一副、一条”用来修饰由两

21、个部分构成的物体。如trousers,jeans,glasses,shoes,socks等。a pair of shoes一双鞋.two pairs of shoes两双鞋this pair of shoes这双鞋.these pairs of shoes 这些双鞋注意：这些词组的中心词是pair,谓语动词用单复数取决于pair(1)Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well.Well,Id like to try those blue .A.pairs B.one C.pant D.pair(2)A p

22、air of shoes under the bed.The shoes mine.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are15.on the third floor.在三楼 There is a bank the second floor. A.at B.on C.in D.with16. a woman teacher一个女老师 two women teachers两个女老师17.区分through,across和past(1)through指“从物体的空间或内部穿过”穿过 forest(森林)、window(窗户)和cloud(云)时用throughThey

23、 walked through the forest yesterday.(2)across指“从物体表面穿过”穿过road(马路)、street(街道)和江河湖海时用across. We walked across the street.(3)past表示从旁边经过、路过。 The man is walking past a shop. (1)Can a plane fly the Atlantic Ocean? Yes,but it needs to go the clouds for hours.A.across;throughB. through;acrossC.across;acro

24、ssD. through;through(2)You can go (cross) the street when the traffic lights turn green.(3)I think its exciting to trek the jungle. Do you think so?A. past B. across C. over D.through18.already 意为“已经”，yet意为“还”都是现在完成时的标志词，区别是already用于肯定句中，yet用于疑问句和否定句中。1.I have watered the plants already.(改为否定句)I wat

25、ered the plants .19.suggest doing sth.建议做某事She suggested going there by bike. suggest的名词是suggestion. Thanks to your (suggest),I got to complete the job in time.20.on ones way to意为“在某人去的路上” Yesterday I met a friend of mine on my way to school. on my way home.在我回家的路上。On my way school,I pass a fruit sh

26、op every day.A.to ;by B.to;past C.in;with D.of ;for21.在英语中习惯使用名词所有格来表示人们生活或工作的地方；习惯使用表示职业的名词所有格，表达该职业人员工作的场所；使用某人的名字的所有格，表达某人的家。如at the doctors（office）在医务室 at the barbers (shop)在理发店 at my uncles (house) 在我叔叔家 Many people are waiting _ now. A.at doctors B.at the doctor C.in the doctor D.at the doctor

27、s22.辨析Lets和Let us. (1)Lets表示向对方提建议，包括说话方和对方在内，其反意疑问句形式是shall we.Lets go fishing,shall we? (包括说话方和对方在内) (2)Let us表示请求对方允许，不包括对方在内，其反意疑问句形式是will you.Let us go,will you?让我们去，好吗？(只指说话方，不包含对方)23. start相当于begin后面既可以接动词不定式又可以接动名词形式。start to do sth=start doing sth begin to do sth=begin doing sth (1)The week

28、end talk will begin at 10 oclock.(选出同义选项)A.start B.end C.open D.work(2)Tiger Woods started _ when he was only ten months old.A. golf（打高尔夫球） B.golfer C. golfing D.golves24.修饰形容词比较级的词有：a lot (多),a little(有点儿),a bit(有点儿),much(多),even(甚至),等(1)Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5,Grand

29、pa?The programs on Channel 10 are better.A.more muchB. much moreC. more D. much(2)What a hot day!The weather report says it will be even tomorrow.A.coolerB. hotter C. wetter D. colderSection B1. inexpensive意为“不昂贵的”，其同义词为cheap，反义词为expensive/dear The sweater is inexpensive.注意：在英语里，我们说到things时，要用“expen

30、sive,cheap”，说到price时，要用“high,low”2. safe是形容词，意为“安全的”，副词是safely，意为“安全地”。名词是safety，意为“安全”。反义词是dangerous意为“危险的”I am safe now. We arrived there safely.Please fasten your seat belt for your safety. 3.动词不定式常作后置定语，意为“的”。a good place to eat吃饭的好地方。something to eat一些吃的东西 a room to live in一个居住的房间Why dont you g

31、o out to play,Rose? Im afraid I cant.I have much homework .A.do B.does C.doing D.to do4. polite是形容词，意为“礼貌的”，politely是副词，意为“礼貌地；客气地”。impolite是形容词，意为“不礼貌地”，impolitely是副词，意为“不礼貌地；不客气地”。 (1)Tom thinks people will help him if he asks for help (polite). (2)We should speak to the old . A.polite B.politely

32、C.impolite D.impolitely5.correct可作形容词，意为“正确的，恰当的”，相当于right。副词是correctly. correct还可作动词，意为“改正”。 I can tell you the correct answer. He answered the teachers question correctly. You must correct your mistakes.6.direct是形容词，意为“直接的；直率的”；其反义词是indirect，意为“间接的”；副词是directly，意为“直接地”。 This is because it is a ver

33、y direct question.7. 区分because of和because(1)because of其后不接句子。We didnt go fishing yesterday because of the heavy rain.(2)because其后接句子.He is late for shool because he gets up late (1)Liu Xiang had to give up the race his foot.A. because of B. because C. though D.even if(2) Mary didn't get to the p

34、arty yesterday_ she didn't feel well.A. if B. because C. but D. until8.动词后加-or构成的名词有：visitor参观者 actor男演员 inventor发明家9.区分like/such as和 for example(1)like做介词，意为“像”，用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，后面不能有逗号，相当于 such as There are many kinds of fruit in the supermarket,like /such as apples,bananas and pears.(2)for exa

35、mple意为“例如”，列举同类人或物中的一个例子，其后要用逗号隔开。Id like to keep a pet,for example, a cat.(1)Many heroes are ready to help others,Lei Feng, .A.such as B. like C. for example D. example(2) Many girls like red, Ann and Lucy.A. that is B.for example C. namely D. such as10.include是动词，意为“包括，包含”。 including可用作介词，意为“包括”。

36、The price includes both the house and the furniture in it. There are seven people in my family,including my grandparents.11.区分spend,pay,cost和take (1)人+ spend(spent)+时间/金钱+(in)doing sth或 on sth I spent five dollars (in)buying the book.I spent five dollars on the book.(2)人+pay(paid)+金钱+for sth I paid

37、five dollars for the book.(3)物+cost(cost)+人+金钱 The book cost me five dollars.(4)It takes(took)+人+时间+to do sth. It took me five hours to finish homework.(1)Im afraid itll you much time to work out the problem.A.spend B.use C.need D.take (2)I 300 for the bike.A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid(3)You look re

38、ally cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you _ it?A. ask for B. think about C. find out D. pay for (4) Do you take exercise every day?Yes.I always thirty minutes walking after supper.A.spend   B.cost  C. take      D. pay(5)The T-shirt looks nice on you!

39、How much does it ?I just ten dollars for it.A.take,afforded   B.cost;paid C.cost;spent  (6)It took me two hours _ my homework last night.A. to finishB. finishing C. finish D. for finishing12.thank sb for (doing) sth. thanks for (doing) sth.意为“因（做）某事而感谢某人” Thank the boy for his advice.

40、 Thank you for(=Thanks for) teaching us so well. Thanks very much for i me to your birthday party.13. would like“想要”= want后面接三种形式(1)would like sth“想要某物” Id like some dumplings. (2)would like to do sth“想要做某事” Theyd like to play football after school. (3)would like sb to do sth.“想要某人做某事” Shed like me

41、to go shopping with her. (1)Id like them _（stay）for dinner with us.(2)They want some green tea.（同义句）They _ _ _ green tea. (3)My brother would like_ a friend of _. A. to see, him B. seeing, him C. to see, his D. seeing, his14. Would you like sth?用于委婉的提出建议，或征求对方意见。肯定答语：Yes, please. 否定答语：No, thanks. Would you like some tea? Yes, please. /No, thanks.15.Would you like to do sth?用于委婉的提出建议，或征求对方意见。肯定答语：Yes, Id like/love to 否定答语：Id like/love to,but +不能去做某事的理由。或Sorry, +不能去做某事的理由。 Would you like to go swimming with us? Y