外研版初中英语八年级下册各模块知识要点-

1、Module 1 Hobbies 复习要点一、重点词组tidy up 收拾,take up 占用(时间或空间;a bit +adj. / a bit of +n. 一点儿 (区别于a little +adj. / n. ;a collection of stamps / collect stamps 集邮;play the violin / the piano / the drum / the flute 拉小提琴/弹钢琴/打鼓/吹笛子;play football / tennis / volleyball 踢足球/打网球/打排球;listen to music 听音乐;all the tim

2、e 一直, 总是;be / show/ become interested in sth. 对感兴趣/显示出/变得感兴趣;next time 下一次;at the end of 在末尾;need to do sth. 需要做某事;start doing sth./ to do sth. 开始做某事;how often 多久一次(询问频率;grow vegetables 种菜;look after照顾, 照看;such as= for example 例如;grow as a person 成长;develop ones interests 发展兴趣;come out 出版; 出现; 结果是;a

3、s a result 结果;like doing sth. / to do sth. 喜欢做某事;in the future 在将来;try to do sth. / try doing sth. 尽力做某事/尝试做某事;in ones free/ spare time 在某人业余时间;bring sb. great success 给某人带来成功(注意词性success成功n. successful 成功的adj. successfully 成功地adv. succeed (in doing sth. 成功v. ;be popular with 在中受欢迎;write to sb. 给某人写

4、信; all over the world 遍及全世界;think about考虑某事;find out ( about 查明有关某事;dress in 穿着衣服;in the past 在过去;not onlybut also不仅而且三、重点知识点make +sb. / sth. +adj. 使怎么样e.g. The news made her sad .使役动词make / let / have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事e.g. Hobbies can make you grow as a person. The joke made us laugh.感官动词hear / li

5、sten to / see / watch / feel sb. do / doing sth.(其中do强调动作的全过程,而doing强调动作正在发生。e.g. I heard someone singing in the next room. I often listen to him play the violin.Have you seen the book fall off the desk? I saw some boys playing football over there just now. The robot watches the professor eat and sl

6、eep every day. I felt my heart break.双宾语give / bring / lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sb sth= give / bring /lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sth to sb e.g. Pass me the sugar, please. = Pass the sugar to me, please.buy / cook / read sb. sth. = buy / cook / read sth.

7、for sb.e.g. My father bought me a new bike as my birthday present. =My father bought a new bike for me as my birthday present.help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事e.g.Tom often helps his classmates clean the classroom.My brother often helps me with my math.spend (时间或钱 on + 名词spend . (时间或钱 (in

8、 doing sth.e.g. David spent four weeks on a summer camp. I spent five dollars on the book.Shall we spend some time playing tennis on Saturday?We usually spend one hour doing my homework.辨析四个“花费”spend, cost, take, payspend主语是人,花费的对象可以为时间,也可以为钱,多用于spend (时间或钱 on + 名词/ spend . (时间或钱 (in doing sth. 这两个结

9、构中。e.g. I spent five dollars on the book.cost主语是物,花费的对象只能是钱。e.g. The book cost me five dollars. (注意这里的cost是其过去式take的花费对象多为时间,偶而为钱,e.g. The journey by car will take half an hour.另外,take多用于下面的结构中:It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人一些时间做某事。e.g. It took me two hours to finish my ho

10、mework last night.It will take the workers one year to build this bridge.pay 主语是人,花费的对象为钱,多用于下面的结构中:pay (sb. (some money (for sth. e.g. I paid him 20,000 dollars for the house.as well asWe all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai. He as well as his friends is coming to see me. (这里注意as well as在句

11、中做状语,不是主语成分,所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词。ask sb. (not to do sth. / tell sb. (not to do sth.e.g. The teacher asks us to be quiet in class. My parents told me not to go out at night.What do you think of? / How do you like?e.g. What do you think of the Great Wall? How do you like Chinese food?Why not do sth? = Why

12、 dont you do sth?e.g. Why not go to the concert? = Why dont you go to the concert?三、语法句子: 简单句并列句:由并列连词and, but, or等连接两个简单句,两个句子是并列关系。复合句:由if, when, while, because, although等引导从句,两个句子有主句与从句之分。简单句的六种基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语(+状语These books are great. He looks worried.2.主语+谓语(不及物动词vi(+状语The first book came out i

13、n 2003. We didnt go to the cinema yesterday.3.主语+谓语(及物动词vt+宾语(+状语I bought a very good book yesterday. Every morning my mother prepares breakfast for me.4.主语+谓语(及物动词vt+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语His hobby has brought him enjoyment. Last week, my aunt sent me a box of chocolate.5.主语+谓语(及物动词vt+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语We can hel

14、p you develop new skills. The news made everyone happy.6.there be+主语+状语There are many story books in his schoolbag.Module 2 Friendship 复习要点一、重点词组hold the line (= hold on 稍等,别挂断;call back 打(电话回来;right now 现在;take a message 捎个信儿;leave a message 留个信儿;whether.or not 是否;in fact 事实上a couple of.几个,若干;in a

15、week 一周后(用于将来时;miss one's close friends 想念某人的好朋友;be different from. (反义:the same as. 与.不同(反义:与.相同 make friends with sb. 与.交朋友;good luck with.祝.好运;bring sb. for a visit to some place 带某人来某地参观;wait for sb. (to do sth. 等待某人做某事;invite sb. to do sth. / invite sb. to some place 邀请某人去做某事/去某地;talk with/

16、to sb about sth. 和某人谈论某事;by the way 顺便说一下;feel happy / unhappy / better 感觉快乐/不快乐/更好;take place 发生;far (away from some place 离某地远;be afraid to do sth. / be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事;every time + 时间状语从句每次;want (sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事;worry about. 担心. ;sit at the desk / work at the computer 坐在桌旁/

17、在电脑前工作;as usual 像往常一样;at that moment 在那时;enter the room (注意enter是及物动词,后不加介词。 进入房间;turn back 转过身;day by day 一天天地;be close to. 离.近;smile at sb. 对.微笑;laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人;It doesn't matter (that. .没关系;not .any more / not.any longer 不再;give advice / take advice 提出建议/接受建议;look for. 寻找. ;in town / in the

18、 country 在城镇/在乡村二、重要知识点* What does it feel like? 用来询问对方对某件事的看法。e.g. What does it feel like to be at school in America? 在美国上学感觉如何?类似的表达还有What do you think of.? / How do you like.?* 辨析sometime, some time, sometimes, some timessometime某个时候,表示时间点,多用于将来。I believe that my dream will come true sometime in

19、the future.some time一段时间,表示时间段,多用于现在完成时。He has been here for some time.sometimes有时,表频率,多用于一般现在时。It's sometimes hot and sometimes cold.some times若干次/若干倍I have been to Sydney some times.* 辨析lonely 与alonelonely是adj. 表示"孤独的",是内心的感受,而alone可做adj.或adv.,表示"独自一人地",是现实的状况。e.g. She felt

20、 lonely because she had no friends here. 她因为在这儿没有朋友而感到很孤独。The old woman lives alone because her daughter is abroad. But she is not lonely because we often go to see her. 这位老奶奶一个人独自居住,因为她的女儿在国外,但她并不孤独,因为我们经常去看望她。* 辨析other, the other, others, the others区分这四个词,只需注意以下两点:1.没有the表示"别的,其余的"有the强调

21、"其余所有的"2.若other后没有s则后面往往还有名词(单数情况除外,若other后有s则后面不加名词。另外,another与这四组词都不相同,它表示"又一个,再一个",所指事物没有范围,而上面那四组词则都是将事物分成了两大部分。e.g. English is spoken not only in the UK and the USA, but also in many other countries. (这里不强调除英美外,其余所有的国家都说英语,所以不加the,另外,后面有countries,所以other不加s。The old lady has

22、four sons. One is in Canada, the others are in America.(这里强调除一个在加拿大外,其余所有的都在美国,所以加the,另外,other后面没有名词,所以加s。Would you like another cup of tea? (这里指再来一杯,没有范围。* 当adj.修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything时,adj.要后置。e.g. I have something important to tell you.He has nothing new to say.* 辨析surpris

23、ing与surprisedsurprising 意为"令人惊讶的",修饰物或事;而surprised意为"吃惊的",修饰人。e.g. The news is surprising. I'm surprised at the news.类似的单词还有exciting (excited, tiring (tired, pleasing (pleased, amazing (amazed等。* 掌握一些固定电话用语:Is Chen Huan there? 请问陈欢在吗?Is that Chen Huan (speaking? 您是陈欢吗?May I s

24、peak to Jack, please? 杰克在吗?I'll call back later. 我一会儿再打。This is Sally (speaking. 我是Sally。Who's calling, please? 请问您是那位?Hold the line, please. 稍等,别挂断。Sorry. He isn't here right now. 对不起,他现在不在。Can I take a message? / Can you leave a message? 我能捎个信儿吗?/ 您能留个信儿吗?I'm afraid you have the wr

25、ong number. 恐怕您打错了。四、语法Objective Clause宾语从句宾语从句可根据引导词分为三大类:1.当从句是陈述句时,用that引导,that可省略,语序不变。* Trees improve the air.Betty thinks (that trees improve the air.* It will snow this winter.I hope (that it will snow this winter.* There is a good film tonight.Jack said (that there was a good film on that ni

26、ght2.当从句是一般疑问句时,用if 或whether引导(若句尾有or not,则用whether,语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。* Will they plant trees on Sunday?He doesn't know whether they will plant trees on Sunday or not.* Have you seen him before?I can't remember if I have seen him before.* Was she late for class this morning?He asks if she w

27、as late for class this morning.* Did she study hard?I didn't know whether she studied hard or not.3.当从句是特殊疑问句时,用原来的特殊疑问词引导,语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。* How can we help protect the environment?He asks how we can help protect the environment.* Why do they like computer games so much?I can't understand

28、 why they like computer games so much.* When will we hold the sports meeting?Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting?* Where did the accident happen?Tom asked me where the accident happened.掌握宾语从句,尤其要注意以下三个方面:1.引导词2.语序3.时态:若主句是现在范畴的时态,从句用任何时态均可。若主句是一般过去时,从句必须用过去范畴的时态。Exercises(练习:1 Your fat

29、her is a doctor. (I know2 What's he going to do? (He doesn't know3 Should she go to the party? ( She can't decide4 When did he last see his old friends? ( He can't remember5 Do you like living in China? ( Can I ask you 6 What does she usually do? ( Tom asked 7 Where did Mike study tw

30、o years ago? ( Do you know 8 Do you do your homework in the evening? ( Could you tell me 9 What does he do at weekends? ( I wonder 10 How do things work? ( Thomas Edison liked to find out Module 3知识与语法要点重点词组:1. take sb. around= show sb. around 带某人四处参观2. mention sb. / sth. ( to sb. (向某人提及某人/事3. look

31、out for 小心4. stop to do sth.停止去做某事(不是同一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(停下手头上正在做的事情5. need sth. 需要某物need to do 需要做某事need doing sth. 需要被(表被动6. enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事7. keep sb. / sth. adj. 使某人/ 某事保持keep doing sth.使持续做某事8. maybe adv. 也许may be 情态动词+ be “也许是”9. join 参加/ 加入(组织、团体、党、团take part in 参加(聚会、活动10. prep

32、are for = get ready for 准备11. hate sb. / sth. 讨厌某人/ 事hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事(长时间的,习惯性的hate to do 讨厌做某事(短暂性的12. lose ones way = get lost / be lost迷路;丢失13. start/ begin to do = start / begin doing 开始做某事14. look down 向下看look down at sb. 向下看某人15. explain sth. ( to sb. (向某人解释某事explain + 从句解释16. voice嗓音(人说话

33、、唱歌等声音sound 指人听到的任何声音(声音的统称noise 噪音,杂音17. seem to be 似乎是seem to do 似乎做It seems that +从句似乎/好像18. in person亲自 19. ask for 请求20. learn about = hear about / of听说learn to do sth.学习做某事learn from sb.向某人学习21. play / have a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑22. look out of 从望出去/ 向外看23. come with sb. = follow sb. 跟着某人走24. do

34、 a sound check 做一个声音测试25. begin / end with 以开始/ 结束26. close down(电台停止播音27. in front of 在前面(外部in the front of 在(范围内的前面(内部知识辅导1. Wed like to thank you for taking us around Radio Beijing.(Unit 1, P18(1 would like to do sth. “愿意做某事”, 如:I would like to speak a few words.我想讲几句话”(2 would like sth. “愿意要某东西”

35、, 如:Would you like a cup of tea? Id like an apple. 我想吃个苹果(3 thank you for doing sth. “因为而感谢你” ,如:Thank you for your help感谢你帮忙Thank you for helping me.2. Dont mention it. 在口语中回答别人感谢时常用,意思是“不客气,不用谢” , 如:-Thank you for your help. - Dont m ention it.3. Now, I want to answer your questions, but remember

36、to look out for the red light.look out for 意思相当于pay attention to, “照料,当心”,如:Look out for your little sister while youre at the station.look“看”, 表示动作see“看见, 了解, 领会”,表示结果, 如:He looked but saw nothing. 他看了, 但什么也没看见。Oh, I see. 哦,我明白了。由look组成的常见短语:look out“向外望,注意, 当心”, 如:“Look out!” Somebody shouted.look

37、 like“看起来象”,如:She looks like her mother.look for“寻找”,如:She is looking for his new text book.look at“看”,如: Look at the blackboard, please.4. We decide what to listen to and who to see. (Unit 1, P18decide 可用于结构:decide to do sth. “决定做某事”, 如:He decided to go himself.他决定亲自去。decide sth. “决定某事”, 如:The judg

38、e decided the case.法官判决了这个案件。decide +that 从句“决定”,如:She has decided that she will be a doctor.她已决定将来当个医生。注意做动词的宾语的特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构, 如:I dont know what to do.5. Me, too!常用于口语中,表示自己的情形和对方所提及的一样,意思是“我也这样”, 如:-Sally has been to America. - Me, too!6. Some sports news about the England and China football matc

39、h. (Unit 1, P18news 是不可数名词, “一条新闻”不能说a news, 而要说a piece of newsnews拓展的单词: newsreader新闻播报员newsboy“报童, 送报人”newsman“卖报人, 送报人; 新闻记者”news-writer“新闻记者”注意一条谚语:No news, good news. (=No news is good news.没有消息, 就是好消息。7.We won the match! (Unit 1, P18 win赢了比赛,不能用于赢了某人.8. And you want a job in radio? (Unit2, P20

40、陈述句用升调读就变成了问句,这种问句称为陈述问句, 如:The train is in already?9.Shouldnt you be at school? (Unit2, P20这是一个否定问句,带有惊讶情绪,这种问句还可以表示责难和赞赏, 如:-Why are you driving so fast? Dont you know the traffic regulations?-Arent these flowers beautiful?10. When I was about four or five years old, I remember sitting close to th

41、e radio in the living room, listening to my favourite programmes, and to the voices of my favourite presenters. (Unit2, P20 在我四五岁的时候,我记得自己坐在客厅里的收音机旁, 听我喜欢的节目和喜欢的播音员的声音.remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”;remember to do sth. “记着去做某事” ,如:I remember seeing her once.我记得曾见过她一次。Remember to close the door when yo

42、u leave. 你离开时记得关上门.sitting close to the radio in the living room, listening to my favourite programmes, and to the voices of my favourite presenters.在句中做状语,表示伴随情况.my favourite programmes, 和the voices of my favourite presenters.并列作listening to的宾语, and后面省略了listening.close在这里是形容词,意思是“离得近,距离短” , 如:The t

43、able was close to the wall.它还有“关上”的意思, 如: Close the door, please.11.It seemed that they were speaking to me in person. (Unit2, P20It seemed that表示“看起来似乎”的意思, 如:It seemed that he had no money with him.in person“亲自” , 如:He went to Beijing to receive the award in person.12. Once a week, I played my fav

44、ourite music from my fathers computer to the listeners, talked about life at school, and then closed down and did my homework. (Unit2, P20Once a week “一周一次”,如:Once a week, I go to the cinema with my father.close down “关闭,停止”的意思, 如:The small shop on the corner has closed down.Most television and radi

45、o stations close down at 12:00 pm.13.One day I learnt about Internet radio. (Unit2, P20learn about “听说”的意思, 如:I learn about the story of the town from my grandpa.14. Just tell me what you had for breakfast. (Unit2, P20本句是祈使句, 还要注意宾语此句what you had for breakfast, 是疑问词+陈述句语序. Take back what you said, o

46、r I will be angry.语法: to +v.与v.-ing作宾语本模块主要介绍to +v.与v.-ing作动词宾语的情况. 平时要注意积累和总结.一. 跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:1.want to do sth. 需要做某事。例如:He wants to be an artist when he grows up.2.would like to do sth. 愿意做某事。例如:I would like to eat an apple.3.hope to do sth. 希望自己做某事。例如:We hope to get there before dark.4.wish to d

47、o sth. 希望做某事。例如:I wish to go to the moon.5.plan to do sth.计划做某事。例如:I plan to go t o college.6.need to do sth.需要做某事。例如:I need to wash my coat.7.decide to do sth. 决定做某事。例如:I decide to clean the floor again.8.forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(尚未做Dont forget to close the door.9.remember to do sth. 记着去做某事(尚未做= Dont forget to do sth. Remember to wash my coat.10.try to do sth. 努力做某事。例如:He tried to lift the table.11. agree