2010职称英语理工完型新增文章

1、2010职称英语理工完型新增文章第3篇 中国职称英语考试网 网络课堂 考试用书 在线考试 在线问答 纵观2010年职称英语考试新教材，只有阅读理解和完型填空文章做了很少数量的更新，其他题型文章未做更新。中国职称英语考试网近期将2010年教材各类别新增内容进行整理，以供广大考生复习备考。The color red often means danger - and by paying attention, 1 can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red lights warn cars to stay back. A red ligh

2、t at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so 2 dont run into other cars. In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger3construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports- or other kinds of materialscould one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red

3、4a structure collapses or falls 5 A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems. A polymer6 a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures to be easily 7 .The secret behind th

4、e color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by8bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up 9you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how theyre held together.When a p

5、olymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes injured or10, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. Its a really simple detection method, says Nancy Sottos, one of

6、 the scientists who worked on the project. Were 11 up this one bond, and it changes color. Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test12 proved encouraging.There is a way to get rid of the red color: 13. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken b

7、ond is fixed - and the red color disappears. This self-healing may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be 14 , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophores warning system useless.Sottos and her fellow scientists still have15

8、work to do before the color-changing molecules can be used outside the lab. 练习： 1. A measuresB accidents C actionsD collapses 2. A theyB itC some D most 3. A withB over C atD in 4. A before B after C once D while 5. A togetherB behind C down D apart6. A contacting B conductingC containing D consider

9、ing 7. A controlledB spottedC repaired D changed 8. A technicalB electronic C physical D chemical 9. A everything B something C nothing D anything10. A weak B strong C tough D soft11. A usingB opening C turningD finishing12. A lawsB theories C tools D results13. A airB electricity C light D sound14.

10、 A aside B beside C inside D outside15. A a part of B a pair of C a piece of D a lot of2010职称英语理工完型新增文章-第3篇参考答案 BACAD CBDAA BDCDD2010职称英语理工完型新增文章-第3篇参考译文 第三篇 看见红色意味着危险在前方 红色常常表示危险，通过引起注意能够防止意外。在铁路交叉口，闪烁的红灯警告车辆靠后。在交通十字路121的红灯告诉车辆停止前进，所以就不会发生车祸。 在未来，建筑工地的红色可能也可以防止危险。多亏了工程师的新作和桥梁支柱等其他的材料，它们有一天能包含一种会变换颜

11、色的物质，该物质能够在建筑物倒塌或之前变成红色。一个小小的分子就会对报警系统起到很大影响。 一个聚合物包含一种变换颜色的分子叫做机械响应性聚合物，它能够在在聚合物断裂前几秒钟变成红色。这项技术能够很容易地发现材料或建筑物的损坏。 这个变换颜色的物质的秘密就是一种特别的分子。一个分子是由化学键把一群原子组合起来。分子有各种各样的形状和大小，所以能够组成你所见到的、摸到的和感觉到的任何东西。一个分子怎样表现取决于它包含什么样的原子，和他们被怎样组合起来。 当包含变换颜色分子的机械响应性聚合物要断裂的时候，它会产生一种颜色。当一个包含机械响应性聚合物分子的聚合物“受损害”或者变弱的时候，其中的一个机

12、械响应性聚合物键破碎，这个物质变成红色。“这是一个很简单的检测方法。”Nancy Sottos说，她是为这个项目工作的科学家之一。Sottos和她的团队在他们的实验室测试这种变换颜色的聚合物，测试的结果非常鼓动人心。 有一种方法可以除去红色：光。当强光照射在机械响应性聚合物上，断裂的键被修复红色就会消失。这种“自我修复”或许给工程师们带来问题。他们需要在露天的，也就是暴露在阳光下的大建筑工程外面使用换色器。阳光会使机械响应性聚合物的报警系统不起作用。 要让这些变色分子在实验室以外也能使用，Sottos和她的同事们还有许多工作要做。本篇文章来源于中国职称英语考试网 ；原文链

13、接地址：/2559/8408820840.html第六篇 Arctic Melt (C级)Earths North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low. Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the

14、 summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end-of-summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness -becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic se

15、a ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. Thats 38 percent less area than the aver-age cover at that time of year. And its a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. T

16、his continuing trend has scientists concerned.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving

17、 a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.

18、5Celsius warmer than average and 1.5C warmer than the previous record high.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 m thick at the beginning of the summer measure

19、d just 50 centimeters by seasons end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N.H.Some scienti

20、sts fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.练习：1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “build” in the first sentence of the second paragraph?A) Construct.B) Extend.C) Create.D) Expand.2. What is the ice cover in the Arctic by the end of 20

21、07 summer?A) 4.2 million square kilometers.B) 11.4 million square kilometers.C) 1.13 million square kilometers.D) 38 million square kilometers.3. What are the reasons for the ice melt according to the scientists?A) Strong winds and clear skies.B) Long summer and short winter.C) Open water and thin i

22、ce.D) Light clouds and light winds.4. Why is the ice melting from both above and below?A) Because extra heat warms the air.B) Because extra heat warms the water.C) Because the temperature above the water is higher.D) Both A and B.5. What can be a possible title for the passage?A) What are scientists

23、 looking for in the Arctic Ocean?B) What are scientists doing in the Arctic Ocean?C) Why are scientists worrying about the Arctic Ocean?D) Why are scientists interested in the Arctic Ocean?2010职称英语理工阅读新增文章-第6篇参考答案D A A D C2010职称英语理工阅读新增文章-第6篇参考译文第六篇 北极冰山融化地球的北极和南极都以冰冷闻名。但是，去年北冰洋上的冰含量跌到了历史最低点。正常情况下，每

24、年冬天在北极附近的北冰洋开始结冰，并在夏天缩减。但是多年以来，在夏天结束时冰的含量在下降。自从1979年以来，每10年在夏季末的冰覆盖量都下降114。在1981到2000年之间，北极冰的厚度下降了22变成了113米这么薄。去年，北极的冰雪覆盖达到了最薄的程度。在2007年夏天快结束的时候，冰层已经缩减到只覆盖四百二十万平方公里。这比那年的平均覆盖面积少38，比两年前最低记录少23。这个持续的趋势令科学家们万分担忧。冰雪融化有许多原因，西雅图华盛顿大学的海洋学家张金伦说，有许多原因导致了冰层融化。极不寻常的强风去年刮过大西洋，风把大西洋中部的冰散去，留下大面积的薄冰和没有冰覆盖的海面。科学家们还

25、怀疑在大西洋上空有比过去越来越少的云层。晴朗的天空使更多的阳光照射大西洋。升高的温度使水和空气都变温暖。在去年大西洋的部分海域，表面温度比平均温度高35摄氏度，比历史最高点还高15摄氏度。由于空气和水都变暖，冰从上面和下面都开始融化。在波弗特海的部分海域，阿拉斯加的北部和加拿大的西部，夏天开始时冰的厚度为33米，但到了季末仅仅为50厘米。新的测量表明，情况远远比科学家们仅仅从表面上看到的要严重得多，新罕布什尔州汉诺威市的地球物理学家Donald KPerovich说。一些科学家担心北极已经深陷变热的趋势不能恢复。本篇文章来源于中国职称英语考试网 ；原文链接地址：http:

26、//2559/2864820838.html第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste (B级)The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear wa

27、ste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and st

28、ates should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.“The main goal., should be to provide the United States with multiple alternatives and substantial public inv

29、olvement in an open siting and design process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,” the authors write.Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally w

30、as shelved after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making p

31、rocess.Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the nation s northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit their particular circumstances. Transportation of nucl

32、ear waste over long distances, which was a concern with the Yucca Mountain site, would be less of a problem because temporary storage or geological disposal sites could be located closer to reactors.“This regional approach would be similar to the current approach in Europe, where spent nuclear fuel

33、and high-level nuclear waste from about 150 reactors and reprocessing plants is to be moved to a number of geological repositories in a variety of rock types ,” said Rodney Ewing, who has written extensively about the impact of nuclear waste management on the environment and who has analyzed safety

34、assessment criteria for the controversial Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.练习：1. Which of the following words can best substitute the word “withdrawal” in the first paragraph?A Retirement,B Canceling.C Replaced.D Disposal.2. According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nucl

35、ear facilitiesA should be approved by the federal government.B should be approved by local people and states.C should be approved by Congress.D is not an important issue.3. What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?A Yucca Mountain was selected

36、as the only site for a nuclear waste repository.B The selection of Yucca Mountain for nuclear waste disposal caused much controversy.C The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of problems.D The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.4. What does the author of the essay

37、in the fourth paragraph want to say?A Efforts should be made to solve the problems of transportation of nuclear waste over long distance.B Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in the US as possible.C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the cir

38、cumstances of the region.D Efforts should be made to build as many temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.5. What is meant by “regional approach” as mentioned in the last paragraph?A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.B Geol

39、ogical repositories are located in a variety of rock types.C Spent nuclear fuel and high -level nuclear waste is moved to developing countries.D Waste disposal sites are located far away from reactors.2010职称英语理工阅读新增文章第33篇参考答案B B D C A2010职称英语理工阅读新增文章第33篇参考译文专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点撤消内华达州尤卡山作为一个潜在的核废物处置库重新

40、开启了关于怎么和往哪里处理乏核燃料和高放核废物的讨论。在七月十目的科学报的一篇文章中，美国密歇根大学地质学家RodneyEwing和美国普林斯顿大学的核物理学家Frank von Hippel指出，虽然联邦局玎以制定核设施标准和颁发许可证，但是当地社区和州应该在选址问题上有最后的决定权。作者提议发展多种多样的场地以便能够服务那些核反应所在的地方。“主要的目的就是给美国在公开的场地和设计程序上提供多重选择和更多的公众参与，也需要各地区和州的同意。”作者写道。 Ewing and von Hippel也分析了为什么尤卡山在1987年被美国国会选为长期存放核废物的地点，却在三十年之后的争议下被束之高

41、阁。原因包括这个地方的地址问题、管理问题、环境保护局标准的变化、不可靠的资金和在做决定时没有使地方社区参与进来。以后，我们应该把安放存储设备的地点转到这个国家的东北、东南、中西部和西部地区，并且处于该特定地区的州应该负责制定方案来适应当地特定的环境。尤卡山存在的远距离运输核废物问题应该不算什么问题，因为暂时存储和地质处理点都离反应装置很近。“这个地区的方法应该和目前欧洲的方法很像，在那里，乏核燃料和高(强度)放(射性)核废物都要以大约150个核反直装置和再处理的I厂转移到各种不同岩层中的地贯处置本中。”Rodney Ewing说，他写了大量关于核废物对环境的影响的文章，而且分析了这个受争议的尤

42、卡山核废料库的安全评价标准。 第三十八篇 Night of the Living Ants (B级)When an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead.Dong-Hwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California found th

43、at Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “Im deadtake me away.”But theres a twist to Choes discovery. These ants are a little bit like zombies. Choe says that the living antsnot just the dead ones - have this death chemical In other words, while an

44、 ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, its telling other ants that its deads.What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead ? Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, “Wait Im not dead yet. ” So Choes resear

45、ch turned up two sets of chemical. signals in ants: one says, “Im dead,” the other set says, “Im not dead yet. ”Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that u

46、nmoving ants can still be alive.Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says “Wait- Im not dead yet” quickly goes away. Once that chemical is, gone, only the one that says “Im dead” is left. “Its because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to

47、 the graveyard, not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death ,” said Choe. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they haul away the body. This was Choes hypothesis. To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argent

48、ine ant pupae. When the scientists used the “Im dead” chemical, other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae away. When the scientists used the “Wait Im not dead yet” chemicals, other ants left the treated pupae alone. Choe believes this behavior, shows that the “not dead yet” chemicals override the

49、“dead” chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemicals fade away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.练习：1. What is meant by “death chemical” mentioned in paragraph 3 ?A A chemical that contains

50、poisonB A chemical that causes death.C A chemical that announces death.D A chemical that prevents death.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the question “What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? (paragraph 4)” ?A How do ants know what is to be hauled away from the dead ants?

51、B What prevents ants from removing the ants that are not yet dead?C What do ants do to keep themselves away from the dying ants?D What prevents ants from being carried away after they die.3. What is NOT true about Choes finding?,A When an ant dies, it produces a “I am dead” signal.B Living ants have

52、 the death chemical on their bodies.C Ants have two sets of chemicals on their bodies.D Ants have the “I am not dead” chemical on their bodies.4. According to Choes hypothesis,A an ant still smells like a living when it dies.B the “I am dead” chemical leaves the ants body when it dies.C the “I am no

53、t dead yet” chemical is left when an ant dies.D the “I am not dead yet” chemical leaves the ants body when it dies.5. What is the result of the test on Choes hypothesis?A It proves that his hypothesis is true.B Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis.C It shows that his hypothes

54、is is wrong.D It indicates that his hypothesis needs revising.参考答案C B A D A参考译文第三十八篇 蚂蚁的死亡当一只蚂蚁死后，其余的蚂蚁就会把这只死亡的蚂蚁拖出洞。这一行为极大地吸引了科学家，他们奇怪蚂蚁怎么确认并以如此快的速度另一只蚂蚁死了呢?加利福尼亚大学的科学家DongHwan Choe发现：阿根廷蚂蚁在它们的身体外部有一种化学成分信号告诉其他的蚂蚁”我已经死了把我带走。”然而，Choe又有了新的出乎意料的发现。这些蚂蚁有点像靠巫术起死回生的僵尸。Choe说，活着的蚂蚁不仅仅是死的都有这种死亡化学成分。换句话说，当一只

55、蚂蚁在四处爬行，或许在野餐或是在洞中，也在告诉其他的蚂蚁它已经死了。是什么阻止蚂蚁运走活着的蚂蚁呢?Choe发现阿根廷蚂蚁在它们身体上有两种额外的化学成分，这些化学成分告诉附近的蚂蚁，”等等我还没死呢。”因此Choe的研究发现在蚂蚁体内有两种化学信号：一个说：”我已经死了”，另一个说：”我还没死呢。”其他的科学家也试图弄明白蚂蚁是怎样知道另一只蚂蚁死了的。如果一只蚂蚁被弄成晕迷状态，其他的蚂蚁会不管它，直到它自己醒来。也就是说蚂蚁知道不动的蚂蚁也能是活着的。Choe怀疑当阿根廷蚂蚁死亡后，那个说”等等我还没死”的化学成分很快就消失了。一旦那个化学成分消失了，就只留下”我已经死了”的化学成分。”

56、因为死亡的蚂蚁闻起来不再像活蚂蚁，所以被抬到墓地，而不是因为死蚂蚁死后释放出一种新的、独特的化学气味，”Choe说。当其它的蚂蚁发现没有”未死”的”歹E亡”化学成分时，它们就把那个身体拖走了。这是Choe的假设。为了验证这个假设，choe和他的小组在阿根廷蚂蚁和蛹上放了不同的化学成分。当科学家用这个”我已经死亡”的化学成分时，其它的蚂蚁会快速地把这个蛹拖走。当科学家们用”等等我还没死”的化学成分时，其它的蚂蚁就会对那个蛹视而不见。Choe相信这一行为表示这”我还没死”的化学成分优先于”我已经死亡”的化学成分。并且当一只蚂蚁死后，这个”我还没死”的化学成分就消失了。其他附近的蚂蚁就会发现留下的”死亡”化学成分并把死蚂蚁拖走。一、单选题（下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题