居住区规划交往空间毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献

居住区规划交往空间中英文资料外文翻译文献PLANNINGANDDESIGNOFASSOCIATIONSPACEOFRESIDENTIALAREAXIALIANGDONGABSTRACTTHEASSOCIATIONSPACEREFERSTOTHEINDOORANDOUTDOORSPACEFORCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENRESIDENTSTHEARTICLEPRESENTSANOVERALLDISCUSSIONOFTHENECESSITY，HIERARCHYANDFUNCTIONALITYOFASSOCIATIONSPACE,WITHAWISHTOCREATEPOSITIVEANDHEALTHYASSOCIATIONATMOSPHEREANDSTIMULATEGOODCOMMUNICATIONAMONGRESIDENTSSOTHATTHERESIDENTIALAREACANBECOMEAHOMELANDFULLOFLOVEANDHARMONYKEYWORDSRESIDENTIALAREA；ASSOCIATIONSPACE；NECESSITY；HIERARCHY；FUNCTIONALITY0FOREWORDASTHEHOUSINGSYSTEMREFORMANDTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFREALESTATE,URBANRESIDENTIALAREASLARGEURBANSETTLEMENTSHAVEEMERGEDONTHELAYOUTOFRESIDENTIALBUILDINGS,PUBLICBUILDINGS,PUBLICGREENSPACE,LIFEANDLIVINGFACILITIESSUCHASROADS,TOPROVIDEURBANRESIDENTSLIVEINTHECOMMUNITYANDTHEESTABLISHMENT,ISANINTEGRALPARTOFTHECITYEXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREARESIDENTSISTOCOMMUNICATEANDEXCHANGEOFINDOORANDOUTDOORSPACEATTHISSTAGE,PEOPLESLIVINGSTANDARDSGREATLYIMPROVEDTHELIVINGENVIRONMENTOFCONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTDISTRICTDEVELOPERSSHOULDNOTONLYFOCUSONRESIDENTIALCONSTRUCTIONANDTHEREASONABLECOMFORT,PAYINGGREATERATTENTIONTOTHECONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALENVIRONMENTHOWEVER,THECURRENTENVIRONMENTINTHECONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALAREAS,THEYAREOFTENTHENATURALECOLOGYOFGREENINGTHEENVIRONMENTISMUCHMORETOCONSIDER,ANDTHEPROMOTIONOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSOFTHESPACEENVIRONMENTTOCONSIDERLESS,ENVIRONMENTALCONSTRUCTIONCANNOTMEETTHEOCCUPANTSOFTHEPSYCHOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSANDNEEDSFROMTHEBASICPHYSIOLOGICALNEEDSGRADUALLYTOMEETTHEPSYCHOLOGICALANDCULTURALFIELDSOFPROMOTINGAHIGHERLEVEL,THERESIDENTIALAREAISNOTONLYTHEFUNCTIONOFLIVING,BUTALSOPEOPLESTHINKINGANDFEELINGSOFTHELOCALEXCHANGETHEREFORE,THESTRENGTHENINGOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREASOFSPACECONSTRUCTION,INCREASERESIDENTIALNEIGHBOURHOODAFFINITY,SHOULDBEDEVELOPEDINTHEPLANNINGANDCONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALAREASSHOULDALSOCONSIDERTHEISSUEHOWTOCONDUCTEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREASOFSPACEPLANNINGANDDESIGN,IMPROVEPEOPLESQUALITYOFLIFE,THEAUTHOROFHISOWNREALESTATEDEVELOPMENTEXPERIENCEANDTRYTOCONTACTTHELIVINGROOMAREAOFNEED,LEVELOFFUNCTIONALITYFORAREVIEWARESIDENTIALAREAOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHENEEDFORSPACEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREASTOCREATESPACEFORTHEPROCESS,INASENSE,ISINTHECOURSEOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEPEOPLEANDTHENATURALWORLDANDDEFINETHESPACEENVIRONMENTBETWEENTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESS11EXCHANGESCREATEASPACETOMEETTHESPIRITUALANDCULTURALNEEDSOFRESIDENTSJANGAELICINTHE“CONTACTSANDSPACE,“ABOOK,THERESIDENTSWILLLIVEWITHINTHECOMMUNITYOFCONTACTSDIVIDEDINTOTHREECATEGORIESNECESSITYOFACTIVITIESSUCHASSCHOOL,WORK,ETC,THEPARTICIPANTSDIDNOTHAVEMUCHCHOICE,SUBJECTTOVERYLITTLEMATERIALANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSPONTANEOUSACTIVITIESSUCHASWALKING,WAITANDSEESTOP,ETC,GREATLYDEPENDENTONTHEQUALITYOFMATERIALANDTHESPACEENVIRONMENTSOCIALACTIVITIESSUCHASCHILDRENSGAMES,CHATTINGANDPEOPLETOPEOPLECONTACTSBETWEENTHEPASSIVEJANUARY1SIMPLESEE,HEAR,ETC,ALSO,TOACERTAINEXTENT,THEIMPACTOFMATERIALANDTHESPACEENVIRONMENTTHEREFORE,THEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREAOFTHESPACEWILLCREATEADIRECTIMPACTONTHERESIDENTSOFTHECONTACTSASPEOPLESLIVINGSTANDARDSGRADUALLYIMPROVED,THERESIDENTSOFTHESPIRITUALANDCULTURALNEEDSARISINGFROMTHEEXCHANGESWITHTHEREQUIREMENTSWILLBEGETTINGHIGHERANDHIGHERCREATEASPACEOF120CONTACTSISTHENEEDTOMAINTAINTRADITIONALFAMILYTIESTRADITIONALHISTORICALNEIGHBORHOODSANDTHELIVINGUNITSDAZAYUANONTHESHAPEOFANOBJECTIVETOMAINTAINANDDEVELOPTHENEIGHBOURHOODFAMILYASTHEMARKETECONOMYANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWRESIDENTIALDEVELOPMENTANDCONSTRUCTION,ANDMANYRESIDENTSTOMOVETOMULTISTOREYHIGHRISERESIDENTIAL,THELINKBETWEENHOUSEHOLDSANDHOUSEHOLDSREDUCE,ANDEVENPEOPLEARENOTFAMILIARWITHTHEPORTALATTHESAMEONEFLOOR,DIDNOTKNOWEACHOTHERVERYCOMMONPHENOMENON,THETRADITIONALRELATIONSINTHENEIGHBOURHOODGRADUALLYINDIFFERENTCARRYFORWARDTHETRADITIONALVIRTUES,TOPROMOTEFAMILYRESIDENTIAL,HEALTHYDEMONSTRATIONPROJECTSINTHECOUNTRYHASLONGBEENPROPOSEDFORRESIDENTIAL“HIGHQUALITY,NEWLIFE“,WHICH“NEWLIFE“,INCLUDINGGUIDANCEONTHENEWCONCEPTOFLIVING,TOGUIDETHENEWCONSUMERAWARENESS,ANEWFORMOFEXCHANGES,TOFORMANEWMANAGEMENTMODEL,ANDSOONFIVEASPECTSACCORDINGTOTHISSTANDARD,THEEXCHANGESCREATEASPACEITISVERYIMPORTANTCREATEASPACEOF130CONTACTSISTHENEEDTOBUILDAHARMONIOUSSOCIETYRESIDENTIALAREAISTOBUILDAHARMONIOUSSOCIETYSPACEUNIT,AHARMONIOUSSOCIETYISANIMPORTANTPARTARESIDENTIALAREAOFAHARMONIOUSSOCIETYCANBEHARMONIOUSHARMONIOUSRESIDENTIALAREASSHOULDBEAMODERATECONSUMPTIONOFECONOMIC,SOCIALMANAGEMENT,DIVERSIFICATIONANDHARMONIOUSRELATIONSBETWEENTHENEIGHBOURS,LIVINGENVIRONMENT,ANDWITHTHEHUMANISTICSPIRITANDTHERICHLOCALCULTURALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEGEOGRAPHICALSPACEFROMTHEHARDWARESIDE,THERESHOULDBEASCIENTIFICANDRATIONALPLANNING,GOODCONSTRUCTIONQUALITY,IMPROVEINFRASTRUCTURE,THECOMPLETEESTABLISHMENTOFCONTACTS,GOODLANDSCAPEFROMTHESOFTWARESIDE,THERESHOULDBEQUALITYPROPERTYMANAGEMENT,ANDIMPROVETHECOMMUNITYBASEDORGANIZATIONS,THERICHCULTURALATMOSPHERE,GOODMORALITYTHEREFORE,THEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACEASANINTEGRALPARTOFRESIDENTIALAREAS,CREATEAFARREACHINGSIGNIFICANCE,ANDCHINARECENTLYANDRESIDENTIALREALESTATEWILLBEPUTONTHE“BUILDAHARMONIOUSFAMILYRESIDENTIALDISTRICT,“THEOBJECTIVEISCONSISTENT2RESIDENTIALDISTRICTLEVELEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACEOFTHELIVINGSPACEPLANNINGANDCONSTRUCTIONINACCORDANCEWITHPEOPLEATDIFFERENTTIMES,DIFFERENTLOCATIONS,DIFFERENTACTIVITIESINDIFFERENTLEVELSOFPRIVACY,CANBEDIVIDEDINTOPRIVATESPACE,SEMIPRIVATEROOM,SEMIPUBLICSPACE,PUBLICSPACE,THEFORMATIONOFFOURSPACERELATEDFIELDSTHELEVELANDTHEFIELDOFSPACEWILLHELPCREATEASENSEOFBELONGINGAMONGTHERESIDENTSANDENHANCETHEINTERACTIONANDPRONEIGHBORHOODANDPEOPLEFROMTHEPRIVATESPACEINTOTHEPUBLICSPACE,ISAGRADUALPROCESSINTHISPROCESS,AFTERALLTHERESIDENTSOFDIFFERENTLEVELSOFOUTDOORSPACE,MAKINGCONTACTSTOBECOMEANECESSITY21RESIDENTIALBUILDINGSPACETOCREATEEXCHANGESDWELLERSINPRIVACYISASSUREDANDMEETUNDERTHEPREMISEOFHOPENEIGHBOURHOODCLOSE,HARMONIOUSANDTOMUTUALEXCHANGESANDCONTACTSTHEREFORE,THENEEDTOHAVEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACESETTINGS,ANDCREATEAWAYASFOLLOWS211EXPANDTHESTAIRCASEDEPTHSTAIRCASEISHOMERESIDENTSINTHEBUFFERSPACE,BUTALSOPUBLICHOUSINGTENANTSUPSTAIRSROOMATTHEBREAKTHEPLATFORMISTOOSMALLTOAFFECTTHELENGTHOFSTAYOFRESIDENTS,NOTCONDUCIVETOTHEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSEXPANDTHESTAIRCASEDEPTH,INCREASEPLATFORMSPACE,WILLINCREASETHEIRCONTACTS,EXCHANGESOFOPPORTUNITY212SETUPHOMEGARDENSGARDENISHOMERESIDENTSINTOTHEINDOORSPACEFORTHETRANSITION,HERE,ACHIEVEDASEMIPRIVATEROOMFORTHETRANSITIONTOPRIVATESPACE,RESIDENTSHERECANSUPPORTGRASSFLOWERS,RECEPTIONGUESTSNANJINGDAYHONGVILLAHOMEPLATFORMINTOTHEHOMEINTHEGARDENSETUPAGRILLDOOR,BOTHOUTDOORGREENLANDSCAPEWILLBECONDUCTEDTOTHEINTERIOROFTHEEXTENSION,FORTWOPEOPLETHROUGHTHEGRILLEGATETOCREATEANOPPORTUNITYFOREXCHANGE213EXPANDTHEUNITFOYERAREAUNITINTHEENTRANCEFOYERAREAANDCONFIGURETHEAPPROPRIATEEXPANSIONOFSOMEFACILITIESSUCHASRESTSTOOL,READINGBAOLAN,ARESIDENTCONTACTS,RESTPLACES,ANDUNITSOFTHEIMMEDIATEHOUSEHOLDCONTACTSCONDITIONALFOYERCANALSODOALOBBYFORHOUSEHOLDSINTHISEXCHANGE,CHAT214BOTTOMOVERHEADRESIDENTIALDESIGNFORTHEELEVATEDBOTTOMOFOPENSPACEANDENSURETHESMOOTHFLOWOFGREENSPACEONTHEGROUNDSUPPORTEDBYFLOWERS,ZUODENGFACILITIESASRESIDENTSOFREST,SUCHASCHATROOM,ANDINCONNECTIONWITHOUTDOORLANDSCAPE,EASYTOCREATEAGOODATMOSPHEREFOREXCHANGESEVENRAINYDAYALSOWILLNOTBEAFFECTED,ADDINGUNLIMITEDLIFEFORFUN215SETGALLERYGALLERYOFTRADITIONALCHINESEARCHITECTUREISAFORMOFCONSTRUCTION,ISAFORMCANBEEFFECTIVEINPROMOTINGEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEPEOPLEOFTHEFUNOFSPACEINCENTIVES,AREWIDELYUSEDINMODERNRESIDENTIALDESIGN,SUCHASTHEOSMANTHUSHANGZHOUCITYDISTRICT,GUANGZHOUZHUYUNVILLAANDSOONGALLERYFACTORHEREISTRAFFIC,ANDTHEEXCHANGEOFPLACES,PLAYEDAROLEINTHEINTEGRATIONOFTHEADJACENTSPACE,PEOPLECANCHATHERE,THESUN,ANDSOON216EXCHANGESOFHIGHRISEBUILDINGTHERISINGHIGHRISEBUILDINGINTHEPHYSICALENVIRONMENTRESTRICTIONSONTHEFREEDOMOFTHEPEOPLEEXCHANGES,TOREDUCECONTACTBETWEENTHERESIDENTS,THEELDERLYREST,THELACKOFCHILDRENSPLAYSPACETHEREFORE,THEHIGHRISEBUILDINGINTHEINTERVALTOSETUPANUMBEROFSIMILAREXCHANGESINTHECHAMBEROFGOODWILLTOSOLVETHESEPROBLEMSINTHISWAY,FORTHEELDERLYINTHERESTOFTHESPACE,TOPROVIDECHILDRENWITHAPLAYGROUND,ANDTHEPROMOTIONOFSOCIALINTERACTIONAMONGRESIDENTS217ROOFGARDENONTHEPLATFORMSETUPINTHEROOFGARDEN,ANINCREASEOFGREENSPACE,WASRESTOREDTOTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEGROUNDPEOPLEINTHISWALK,FITNESS,CHAT,NATURALCONTACT,ANINCREASEOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSOFPLACESTOCREATEAMULTILEVELEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACE220YARDS,ADELEGATIONOFTHEASSOCIATIONSPACE“TOACHIEVEEFFECTIVESETTLEMENTSBETWEENTHEGROUPSANDTHEEXCHANGESHAVERECOGNIZEDTHENEEDFORCLEARANDAPPROPRIATEAREASOFTHEBORDERANDLOGO“CHINASTRADITIONALCOURTYARDSPACEISPARTOFBUILDINGSPACE,THEAREAISASTRONGSENSEOFSPACEANDBORDERPATTERNS,THENEIGHBOURHOODISTOINCREASEEXCHANGESANDCONTACTSBETWEENTHEEFFECTIVEMEANSBEIJINGDAZAYUANTHEOLDMODEOFLIVING,RESIDENTSOFHARMONIOUSRELATIONSINHARMONY,AHUMANFACERENOWNEDARCHITECTWULIANGYONGDESIGNOFTHEBEIJINGJUINFANTSALLEY,INHERITANCEANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHISFORMOFLIVINGSHANQIANGRESIDENTIALUSEOFTHEWRONGCOLUMN,PLATFORMHEIGHTDIFFERENCE,CHANGESINRESIDENTIALSPACE,RESIDENTIALSETTINGSBETWEENLIANLANG,PLANTSOFTHETUBE,CREATINGA“SIEGEWITHOUTCLOSURE,WITHOUTDREDGINGTHROUGH“THEGROUPSPACEANDFORMEDASEMIPRIVATE,SEMIPUBLICTHEFIELDOFSPACEINTHECOURTYARDBETWEENTHELAYOUTZUODENG,THEELDERLYHEREXIEJIAO,CUXITANXIN,NOLONGERFEELLONELYRESERVESOMESPACE,CHILDRENPLAYINTHEHOME,MOTHERSCANBESEENHEREINTHEKITCHEN,CHILDRENNOLONGERWORRIEDABOUTTHESAFETYOFMEMBERSOFMUTUALREFERENCE,ANDMUTUALEXCHANGES,ANDEXCHANGESAREDEEPSEATEDNOTONLYENHANCETHEFEELINGSANDPREVENTTHEFORMATIONOFACOLLECTIVECONSCIOUSNESS,TOEFFECTIVELYPREVENTTHEDESTRUCTIONANDCRIME,SECURITY,HAVEBEENPROTECTEDSOTHATMOREPEOPLECANENJOYTHEENVIRONMENTALLANDSCAPECOMFORT,MOREANDMOREDEVELOPERSAREGOODATTENTIONTOTHELANDSCAPEOFTHEBUILDINGPICHUINTHEGROUPINASPACE,ASADELEGATIONOFTHEPUBLICLANDSCAPEHOWEVER,THEYOFTENREDESIGNOF“VISUALEFFECT“LIGHT“SOCIALEFFECT“ALTHOUGHTHECONSTRUCTIONOFALARGENUMBEROFHARDWARESHOPS,FLOWERBEDS,SHRUBSPLANTEDJOE,ITLACKSSOMERESIDENTSTOPROMOTEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESTOFTHESHELTERS,CHAIRS,ANDAFFECTEDTHEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEEXTENSIONOFTHENEIGHBOURHOODTHEREFORE,THEDELEGATIONLANDSCAPEINTHESTRENGTHENINGOFPUBLICINFRASTRUCTURECONSTRUCTION,ANDCREATEASPACEFOREXCHANGES,WILLPROMOTEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSOFOUTREACH23EXCHANGESBETWEENTHEPUBLICSPACESTOCREATESPACEBYTHESEMIPUBLICSPACETOPUBLICSPACE,PEOPLEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEEXCHANGESFROMTHENEIGHBOURHOODTOTHEPUBLICEXCHANGES,CONTACTSBETWEENTHECHARACTERISTICSOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEDECISIONTOCREATEASPACEFORTHEDIFFERENTPRACTICES231OPENSPACEFORPUBLICRELATIONSRESIDENTIALAREAOFCENTRALGREENSPACEISOFTENTHEAREAOFPUBLICVENUES,ASSHAREDBYTHEENTIREPOPULATION,ISTHERESIDENTIALAREAOFTHE“LIVINGROOM“HERE,RESIDENTSOFVARIOUSGATHERINGS,COMMUNITYACTIVITIES,FITNESSOPENSPACESHOULDBEDESIGNED,WITHOUTBORDERSANDATTHESAMETIME,VARIOUSGROUPSINTHERESIDENTIALAREAGREENSPACETOTHECENTEROFTHEROAD,SHOULDBEEASILYACCESSIBLE,GUIDETHEPEOPLEINTOPUBLICSPACE,TOPARTICIPATEINCONTACTSANDEXCHANGES232ANDLANDSCAPECOMBINEPIECESRESIDENTIALAREAOFLANDSCAPEANDPEOPLESEXCHANGESWITHTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENPEOPLEINTHELANDSCAPEBEFORETHESTOPWATCH,THEEXCHANGESHAVETHEDESIRE,WITHTHELANDSCAPE,MOREFULLOFVIGORTHEREFORE,PUBLICEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACEANDLANDSCAPEPIECESSHOULDBECOMBINED,SUCHASSCULPTUREONTHESQUARE,AROUNDTHEFOUNTAINWATERSCAPELAYOUTZUODENG,PEOPLEAPPRECIATETHESIDEOFSCULPTURE,FOUNTAIN,WHILEEXCHANGESANDREDUCETHEDISTANCEBETWEENPEOPLEATTHESAMETIMESHOULDPLAYAGUIDINGROLEINTHELANDSCAPE,EMPHASIZINGPARTICIPATION,ATTRACTIVETOFLOWTHROUGHTHELANDSCAPE,GATHERINGPOPULARITY3EXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREAOFTHEBUILDINGFEATURESDIFFERENTGROUPSOFPEOPLEBECAUSEOFTHEIRAGE,OCCUPATION,CULTURALBACKGROUNDOFDIFFERENTEXCHANGESOFTHEFUNCTIONSOFSPACEHAVEDIFFERENTNEEDSACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFDIFFERENTPOPULATIONSANDDEMANDFORSPACECONTACTSBETWEENTHEDIFFERENTFUNCTIONSOFTHEBUILDING,CREATINGADIFFERENTTHEMEOFSPACE,WILLHELPATTRACTPEOPLEFROMOUTSIDE,SPONTANEOUSINTERACTION31EXCHANGESBETWEENTHEFUNCTIONSOFSPACEANDBUILDINGOCCUPANTSSHOULDBESUITEDTOTHEAGESTRUCTURECHILDRENNATURALLYACTIVE,HAVEASTRONGSENSEOFCURIOSITY,GAMESANDMOREACTIVITIESFORCLIMBING,JUMPING,LEISURE,SUCHASXISHUATHEREFORE,THEVENUESHOULDBESETUPINTHESLIDES,SWINGS,LEISUREPOOL,BUNKERSANDOTHERFACILITIES,TAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHENEEDSOFADULTSTOCAREFORCHILDREN,SOMEBLOCKSINTHESURROUNDINGLAYOUTSTOOLONTHEONEHAND,CHILDRENINTHEGAMEWASPHYSICALANDMENTALEXERCISE,ONTHEOTHERHAND,CAREFORTHECHILDRENOFPEOPLEHAVEBEENEXCHANGESYOUNGPEOPLELIKESPORTSTHEREFORE,INORDERTOINCREASETHESPORTSFACILITIES,PLANNINGTOBASKETBALLCOURTS,TENNISCOURTSANDOTHERSPORTSSPACEHOWEVER,ITSHOULDBEFARFROMSOMERESIDENTIAL,SOASTOAVOIDINTERFERENCEONTHEDAILYLIFEOFRESIDENTSLIKETHEELDERLYINTHEEARLYMORNINGFITNESS,SUCHASDOINGQIGONG,ATAICHI,LIKETHERESTOFTHETIMEPLAYINGCHESS,PLAYCARDS,CHAT,YANGNIAOSUCHACTIVITIESTHEREFORE,TOMAKESPACEINTHESMALLSQUARE,BOOTHS,EQUIPPEDWITHTAIWAN,TABLES,CHAIRSANDOTHERFACILITIES32EXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACETOTAKEINTOACCOUNTTHEFUNCTIONOFBUILDINGBARRIERFREEFACILITIESLAYOUTEXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREAISACOMPLEXENVIRONMENT,INCLUDINGROADS,GREENSPACE,PIECES,FACILITIESANDOTHERENVIRONMENTALFACTORSEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEFUNCTIONSOFBUILDINGSPACEINADDITIONTOMEETTHENORMALUSE,SHOULDGIVEFULLCONSIDERATIONTOTHEDISABLED,THEELDERLYVULNERABLEGROUPS,SUCHASTHEUSEOFABARRIERFREEDESIGNBARRIERFREEENVIRONMENTOFSPACEMEANSEXCHANGESWITHNOOBSTRUCTIONANDDANGEROUSIFTHEIMPORTUNITDESIGNEDAROUND15MX15MABOVETHELEVELOFSPACEFORWHEELCHAIRUSERSSTAYUNITFOYERRESERVEDSPACEFORWHEELCHAIRSANDCHILDSVEHICLESTOFACILITATEWHEELCHAIRANDCHILDSVEHICLESSTOREDINPUBLICRELATIONSTOTHEROADSPACEONBOTHSIDES,WHOSETUPBLINDROADTRIPONTHETRAILFORTHEBLINDWALKINGTHESIDEWALKINTHEEND,AHEIGHTDIFFERENCEOFTHEJUNCTION,AHEIGHTDIFFERENCEOFPUBLICPLATFORMSETUPTHERAMPFORWHEELCHAIRUSERSACCESSELDERLYMORNINGEXERCISESINTHESQUARE,ASFARASPOSSIBLEBEFLATNOHEIGHTDIFFERENCE,THEUSEOFANTISKIDSURFACINGMATERIALSCHILDRENPLAYINGINTHEPARK,THEUSEOFSOFTMATSANDSAFETYWARNINGSIGNSINDIFFERENTEXCHANGESOFSPACE,BYSETTINGUPTHEPIECESANDPERSONALIZEDTHEMESCULPTURE,TOENHANCESPACEANDTHERECOGNITIONOFSEXUALORIENTATION,ANDSOON4CONCLUSIONINRESIDENTIALAREASOFPLANNINGANDCONSTRUCTION,WEMUSTBEPEOPLECENTERED,ACCORDINGTOCREATEAFUNCTIONALLEVELANDLIVINGSPACEAREACONTACTSATALLLEVELS,FROMTHEPSYCHOLOGICALANDPHYSICALNEEDSOFSTARTING,THROUGHTHESPACEENVIRONMENTTOCREATE,CREATEAPOSITIVE,HEALTHYEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEATMOSPHERE,RESIDENTIALAREAINTOAHARMONIOUSFAMILYHOMESMEANWHILE,THEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREAOFTHINKINGANDINNOVATION,ANDDEVELOPERSNEEDTOCONTINUETOCARRYOUTEXPLORATIONREFERENCES1YANGGAELICEXCHANGESANDSPACEMBEIJINGCHINABUILDINGINDUSTRYPRESS2WANGLIVINGINTHECOMMUNITY,“THENEIGHBOURHOODEXCHANGES“AND“SPACE“OFJ,BUILDINGKNOWLEDGE,2004313153NIELANHEALTH,SONGKUNCREATEAPLEASANTLIVINGSPACELJARCHITECTURALJOURNAL,1997112931中文翻译居住区交往空间规划与设计夏良东【摘要】居住区交往空间是居民进行沟通与交流的户内、户外空间文章从交往空间营造的必要性、层次性、功能性加以综述，旨在通过交往空间的营造，创造出积极、健康的交往氛围，促进居民交往，使居住区成为亲情和谐的家园。【关键词】居住区交往空间必要性层次性功能性0前言随着住房制度的改革和房地产业的迅猛发展，城市居住区大量涌现城市居住区集中布置了居住建筑、公共建筑、公共绿地、生活性道路等居住设施，为城市居民提供生活居住和从事社会活动的场所，是城市的有机组成部分。居住区交往空间是居民进行沟通与交流的户内、户外空间。现阶段，人们的生活水平大大提高，居住区环境得到不断改善。开发者不仅要注重住宅建筑的合理与舒适，更要注重居住区环境的建设。然而，目前在居住区环境建设中，他们往往对自然生态的绿化环境考虑得多，而对促进居民交往的空间环境考虑得少，环境建设不能满足居住者的心理特征和需求。从基本生理需求的满足逐步向心理与文化领域的更高层次推进，居住区不单是居住的功能,同时也是人们思想与情感交流的地方。因此，加强居住区交往空间建设，增进居住区的邻里亲和力，应是开发者在居住区规划建设应同时考虑的问题。如何进行居住区交往空间的规划与设计，提高人们的生活质量，笔者结合自己的房产开发经验，试对居住区交往空间的必要性、层次性、功能性作一综述。1居住区交往空间的必要性居住区交往空间营造的过程，从某种意义上讲，就是在人与人交往过程中进行人与自然空间环境关系界定并发展的过程。11交往空间的营造是满足居住者精神文化的需要。在扬盖尔的交往与空间一书中，将居住社区内居民的交往活动分为三类必要性活动如上学、上班等，参与者没有多少选择的余地，很少受物质环境影响；自发性活动如散步、驻足观望等，大大地依赖于物质空间环境的质量社会性活动如儿童游戏、聊天以及人与人之间的被动式接触一一简单地看、听等，也在一定程度上受物质空间环境的影响。因此，居住区交往空间的营造将直接影响到居住者的交往活动。随着人们物质生活水平的逐渐提高，居住者对精神文化的需求引起对交往活动的要求将越来越高。12交往空间的营造是维系传统亲情的需要传统历史街区和单位大杂院的居住形态在客观上维系并发展了邻里亲情。随着市场经济的发展和新的住宅区的开发建设，许多居民搬到多层和高层住宅中，住户与住户之间联系减少，甚至于对门人家都不熟识。在同一幢楼中，彼此间不曾相识的现象很普遍，传统的邻里关系在逐渐淡漠。发扬传统美德，推广亲情住宅，国家康居示范工程中早已对住宅提出了“高品质、新生活”的要求，其中“新生活”就包括引导新的居住理念，引导新的消费意识，形成新的交往形态，形成新的管理模式等五个方面内容。按照这个标准，交往空间的营造就显得非常重要。13交往空间的营造是构建和谐社会的需要居住区是构建和谐社会的空间单元，是和谐社会的重要组成部分。居住区和谐了，社会才能和谐。和谐的居住区应是一个经济消费适度化、社会管理多元化、邻里关系和谐化、居住环境生态化，并具有浓郁的人文精神和地方文化特色的地域空间。从硬件方面看，应该有科学合理的规划、良好的建筑品质、完善的基础设施、完备的交往场所、较好的景观园林。从软件方面看，应该有优质的物业管理、健全的社区组织、浓郁的文化氛围、良好的道德风尚。因此，交往空间作为居住区的组成部分，其营造的意义是深远的，与近来中国房地产及住宅研究会提出的“打造亲情和谐住宅小区”的目标是相一致的。2居住区交往空间的层次性居住空间的规划与建设根据人们在不同时间、不同地点、不同活动中不同程度的私密性,可划分为私密空间、半私密空间、半公共空间、公共空间，形成四级空间领域。这样的空间层次和领域划分将有助于形成居住者的归属感，增进邻里的互动和亲和。人由私密空间进入到公共空间，是一个渐进的过程。在这个过程中，居住者经过了各个不同层次的室外空间，使得交往成为一种必然。21住宅建筑交往空间的营造居住者在私密性得到保证和满足的前提下，希望邻里关系密切、融洽，能够相互交流和交往。因此，需要有交往空间的设置，营造手法有以下几种211扩大楼梯平台深度楼梯平台是居民入户处的缓冲空间，同时又是楼上住户上楼时的休息空间。过小的平台将影响居民的停留时间，不利于居民之间的交往。扩大楼梯平台深度，增大平台面积，将增加他们联络、交往的机会。212设置入户花园入户花园是居民进入室内的过渡空间，在这里，实现了半私密空间向私密空间过渡，居民可以在这里种花养草，接待来客。南京天泓山庄在入户平台进入入户花园处设置了格栅门，既将室外绿化景观向室内进行了延伸，又为两户人家透过格栅门进行交流创造了机会。213扩大单元门厅面积在单元入口门厅适当扩大面积并配置一些设施，如休息凳、阅报栏等，形成居民交往、休息的场所，实现单元住户的即时交往。有条件的门厅还可以做一个大堂，供住户在此交流、聊天。214底层架空住宅底层架空设计为开放式空间，保证了地面绿地的畅通。配以花草、坐凳等设施，作为居民休息、聊天等空间，再联系室外景观，易于创造出良好的交往氛围。即使下雨天也不受影响，为生活增添了无限乐趣215设置通廊通廊是中国传统建筑的一种建筑形式，是一种能有效地促进形成人们交往乐趣的空间诱因，目前被广泛地运用在现代住宅的设计中，如杭州的桂花城小区、广州的竹韵山庄等。通廊在这里既是交通要素，又是交流场所，起到了相邻空间融合的作用，人们可以在此攀谈、晒太阳等216高层建筑交往层高层住宅的不断攀升，在物质环境上限制了人们交往的自由，使居民之间接触减少，老人休息、儿童游戏的空间缺少。因此，在高层建筑中间隔数层设置一个类似中庭的交往层将较好地解决这些问题。这样，为老人提供了休息的空间，为儿童提供了游戏场所，又促进了居民之间的社会交往。217屋顶花园在屋顶平台上设置花园，增加了绿化空间，又恢复了被建筑占去的地面。人们在此散步、健身、聊天，接触自然，增加了居民的交往