工业计算机选择判断

1、Frederick W. Taylor is generally credited with inventing and establishing standards for the moving assembly line.(F)2、 Human effort, technology, raw materials, information and dollars are all examples of the necessary inputs to operations.（T）3、 The outputs of operations may be classified as goods, raw materials and profits.（T）4、 It is easier to measure productivity for an operation that provides services than for one that produces goods since there is no material used in services.（F）5、 The only disadvantage to using the Pareto principle is that we need to concentrate problem-solving efforts on a large number of factors.（F）6、 Two major trends in operations management are management of supply chains and management of technology.（T）7、 Operations Management includes all of these activities except:（B）A、 Schedule work B、Secure financial resources C、Maintain qualitD、Oversee the transformation process E、Manage inventories8、 Which one of these was not mentioned in the list of recent trends in operations management?（D）A、 Total quality management B、Worker involvement C、Global competition.D、Automation. E、Environmental issues.9、The major difference between goods and services is:（A）A.it is difficult to inventory services B.services lack the profitability that goods enjoy C.goods production usually requires more labor than services D.goods are always customized, services are always standardizedE.an organization offering goods cannot also offer services10、 Which of the following is not a type of operations?（E）A. goods production B.storage/transportation C.entertainment D.communication E.market analysis11、Which of the following is not true about a lean production system?（E）A、It puts emphasis on quality, flexibility, and time reduction.B、It puts emphasis on reducing a companys labor forceC、It is involved in maintaining and improving the system with lower amounts of inventory.D、It uses small production batch sizesE、It uses safety stock to protect against uncertainty.12、Many factors impact productivity, one factor not generally stated as having a negative impact on productivity is:（B）A、Government regulations B、Liability claims C、Increased emphasis on servicesD、Emphasis on short-term performance E、All are reasons13 Which is the correct hierarchy of operations management decisions (highest first)（E）A、 Operating, tactical, strategic B、Operating, strategic, tactica C、Goals, missions, productivity D、Strategic, operating, tactical E、Strategic, tactical, operating14、An operations strategy is developed using many sources of input - which is the least likely to have input?（C）A、Quality B、Planning C、Suppliers D、Top Management E、Production15、A measure of productivity which reflects a combination of some or all of the resources used to obtain a certain output is:（C）A、labor productivity B、machine productivity C、multi-factor productivity D、materials productivity E、overhead productivity16、Distinctive competencies in organizations seldom relate to:（E）A、 price (cost) B、quality C、time D、flexibility E、facilities layout17、Productivity is calculated by:（D）A、 Dividing inputs by outputs B、Multiplying inputs by outputs C、Adding inputs to outputs D、Dividing outputs by inputs E、Using benchmarking to yield results18、Product design that uses computers is referred to as:（D）A、QFD B、CAM C、RFD D、CAD E、TQM19、Which of the following could be a dimension of quality?（E）A、Performance. B、Conformance C、Reliability D、Durability E、All may be dimensions of quality.20、Which of the following most accurately describes remanufacturing?（C）A、Processing a component twice to assure conformance to specificationB、Redesigning the layout of the factory C、Replacing worn out components in products and reselling the productsD、Redesigning the product. E、Retraining the workers21、Which of the following is most typical of modular design?（B）A、A single module includes all product functionality. B、Standard modules can be combined in a variety of ways.C、Inventories of completed products will be significantly higherD、Defective modules are usually repaired rather than replaced.E、All of the above are true22、As part of a strategy for improving competitiveness, a manager may have to initially sacrifice:（B）A、research and development B、short-term performance C、employee pay raisesD、product or service quality E、management incentive payments (bonuses)23、Service design generally differs from product design in which of the following ways?（B）A、Service design tends to focus on tangible factors. B、There is less latitude in detecting and correcting errors prior to deliveryC、There is a lesser requirement to be aware of competitors offeringsD、There is less visibility to customers. E、Once designed, service tends to remain constant while product design will change often.24、The mission of a firm should be designed to support each of the firms functional strategies.（F）25、Productivity is the ratio of input to output, with input limited to material and labor. （F）26、A company can compete with other companies manufacturing a similar product only by selling at a lower price.（F）27、Management has a great deal of responsibility for improving productivity.（T）28、Productivity less than 100% generally results in operations that lose money.（F）29、A major consideration in product design in addition to quality is manufacturability.（T）30、Environmental scanning refers to checking environmental regulations before proceeding with product design（F）31、The term “concurrent engineering” refers to having both engineering and manufacturing personnel working independently early in the design phase.（F）32、Delayed differentiation and modular design are two tactics useful for mass customization.（T）33、Quality function deployment is a structured method of integrating the voice of the customer into the design process.（T）34、Accurate forecasting can be done with inaccurate historical data. If the forecasting model is a good one, it will improve the input used.（F）35、Aggregated (grouped) data frequently generate better forecasts than non-aggregated data used to forecast individual items.（T）36、If quantitative data is available on which to base a forecast, it is unnecessary to consider qualitative information.（F）37、The Delphi technique is a forecasting model, developed in India, which incorporates the use of multiple regression.（F）38、In a good forecast, about half of the forecast misses should be randomly scattered above the actual results and half below the actual results.（T）39、Double exponential smoothing can only be used if there is no observable trend in the data.（F）40、Seasonality refers to data patterns that recur every year (or every week, or every month, etc.) at about the same time.（T）41、Which of the following forecasting techniques generates trend forecasts?（E）A、Delphi method B.Sales force composites C.Moving averagesD.Single exponential smoothing E.None of the above42、For this set of errors: -1, -4, 0, +2, +3, MAD is:（C）A.1.0 B.1.6 C.2.0 D.2.5 E.10.043、Which probability distribution is used most extensively in dealing with forecasting errors?（A）A.Normal B.Poisson C.Exponential D.Beta E.Pareto44、The cumulative forecast error is important for determining the:（B）A. Mean squared error B.Bias in forecast error. C.Mean absolute deviation. D.Control limits E.Correlation coefficient45、When we use exponential smoothing for forecasting, the alpha value (smoothing constant) that would give the greatest weight to the current actuals would be:（E）A.0 B.01 C.10 D.20 E.3046、Which of the following smoothing constants would make an exponential smoothing forecast equivalent to a naive forecast?（E）A.0 B.01 C.1 D.5 E.1.047、Simple exponential smoothing is being used to forecast demand. The previous forecast of 66 turned out to be six units less than actual demand. The next forecast is 66.9, implying a smoothing constant, alpha, equal to:（B）A.01 B.10 C.15 D.20 E.6048、The temperature on Tuesday was 80 degrees, on Wednesday it was 82 degrees, on Thursday it was 78 degrees. A naive forecast for the temperature on Friday would be:（A）A.78 B.80 C.82 D.84 E.Cant tell from the data given49、Reliabilities are typically specified with respect to normal operating conditions.（T）50、If a system is made up of two components that are in series, and both have failure rates of 50%, the probability that the system will fail is 75%.（T）51、The probability that a serial system will work is the sum of the probabilities that each component will work divided by the number of components.（F）52、Adding three or more identical backup systems will assure 100% reliability.（F）53、The costs of backup systems need to be balanced against the costs of failure.（T）54、A system is composed of three components, A, B and C. All three of these components must function in order for the system to work. Their reliabilities are respectively: A, 0.4; B1, 0.5; C, 0.5. The overall system reliability is:（C）A.0.70 B.0.99 C.0.10 D.1.40 E.0.9755、A life test has shown that coffeemakers fail in use at the rate of 0.04257 per month. The manufacturer warranties that a coffeemaker will last for 12 months of ordinary usage. What is the reliability of any individual coffeemaker?（C）A.0.4 B.0.5 C.0.6 D.0.7 E.0.856、A system is composed of two parts which must both operate in order for the system to perform as intended. The parts have reliabilities of .6 and .5. There is an identical backup system connected to the main system by a switch which has a reliability of .9. The probability that the overall system will operate is closest to:（C）A.30 B.40 C.50 D.60 E.7057、If the transformer has a mean time to wear-out of 20 years with a standard deviation of 2 years, what is the probability that it will wear out within 19 years?（B）A.0.1915 B.0.3085 C.0.383 D.0.5 E.0.691558、Four major components - video, audio, tuner and power supply - make up a big screen television set. All must function for the set to be accepted for shipment to customers. Reliabilities for each major component are 80%. What is the probability that a newly made set will be accepted for shipment?（C）A.10.25% B.80% C.41% D.20% E.Cant determine without further information59、Our estimates regarding short-run variations in demand can influence our desired design capacity.（T）60、Design capacity is just another term used to indicate effective capacity.（F）61、Peak loads and seasonal requirements affect design capacity planning, as well as effective capacity and actual output.（T）The efficiency of our operations will increase as the ratio of design capacity to actual output increases (Design capacity divided by actual output).（F）62、Understanding and matching the timing of demand is more important when doing capacity planning for services than it is for capacity planning for manufacturing.（T）63、Demand management is a strategy that can be used to offset capacity limitations.（T）64、Efficiency, in capacity terms, is the ratio of:(A)A. actual output to design capacity B.units produced to labor hours used C.effective capacity to actual output.D.design capacity to effective capacity.E.design capacity to actual capacity.65、Seasonal variations are often easier to deal with in capacity planning than random variation, because seasonal factors tend to be:（A）A. predictable B.smaller. C.larger. D.controllable E.inversely related to random variations66、Given the following information, the utilization is: Effective capacity = 20 units per day Design capacity = 60 units per day Actual output = 15 units per day（A）A.25% B.33.3% C.50% D.75% E.none of these67、Capacity management might include:（C）A.Price reduction B.Promotions C.Inventory level adjustments D.Increased lead time and back ordering E.All are capacity management options68、States of nature are alternatives available to environmental decision makers.（F）66、 EVPI is the expected financial value of the regret for the optimal decision under risk.（T）67、 A decision tree branches out to include all of the possible decisions and all of the possible events we are capable of identifying.（T）68、 An example of maximax decision making is when people buy lottery tickets hoping for a very big payoff if their number is drawn.（T）69、 Decision trees are useful only when the outcomes are known with near certainty (P95%)（F）70、 The outcome of implementing a decision is more important than the process of reaching that decision（F）71、 While all of these steps are important in reaching a good decision, which one of the following steps is often the most crucial in the decision-making process?（A）A. Identifying the problem. B.Specifying objectivesC.Developing alternatives D.Analyzing alternativesE.Selecting the best alternative73、 Which one of the following wont generally be given as a reason for poor decisions?（E）A. Unforeseeable circumstances B.Bounded rationality C.Suboptimization D.Mistakes in the decision process E.All are reasons that are offered for poor decisions74、 Determining the average payoff for each alternative and choosing the alternative with the highest average is the approach called:（E）A. minimin B.maximin C.maximax D.weighted factor analysis E.Laplace75、 If the minimum expected regret is computed, it indicates to a decision-maker the:（A）A. expected value of perfect information B.expected payoff under certainty C.minimum guaranteed profitability D.expected payoff under riskE.none of the above76、 Flexible manufacturing systems can handle a large variety of dissimilar products.（F）77、 A job shop is similar to an assembly line in that both produce products or services to meet the customers specifications.（F）78、 Product layouts usually require less-skilled workers than process layouts.（T）79、 The term group technology is similar to the term part families.（T）80、 Cycle time is the average amount of clock time required to produce one unit of output.（T）81、 The maximum cycle time in an assembly line is equal to the time for the one longest task.（F）82、 One drawback of process layouts is that equipment utilization rates are lower than in a product layout.（T）83、 An assembly line can never produce a unit of output in less time than it takes to perform the longest task.（T）In a job shop, volume is low, and product variety tends to be:（A）A.high B.moderate C. Low D.very low 84、The system that has the highest equipment flexibility is（A）A.a job shop B.a batch system C.repetitive production D.continuous processing 85、 An operations strategy for process selection should recognize that:（D）A. process selection is easily changed B.engineering is solely responsible for choosing what process is bestC.there is little need to manage technologyD.flexibility may not the best choice E.managers need not have technical skills86、Heuristic rules are usually used when:（D）A. an optimum solution is necessary B.a computer program isnt available,C.a problem has only two possible solutionsD.no optimizing routine is availableE.all other approaches have failed87、 Which one of the following is not generally regarded as an advantage of product layouts?(C)A. Material handling costs per unit are low.B.Labor costs are low per unitC.The system is fairly flexible to changes in volume of output.D.unit costs may be lower than with other processesE.There is high utilization of labor and equipment88、 In a product layout, the process of deciding how to assign tasks to work stations is referred to as:（C）A. process balancing B.task allocation C.line balancingD.station balancing E.scheduling89、 A production line is to be designed for a job with three tasks. The task times are 0.3 minutes, 1.4 minutes, and 0.7 minutes. The maximum cycle time in minutes is:（D）A.0.3 B.0.7 C.1.4 D.2.4 E.0.890、 If a line is balanced with 90 percent efficiency, the balance delay would be:（A）A.10 percent B.90 percent C.100 percent D.unknown, since balance delay isnt related to efficiencyE.depends on the number of work stations91、 In a Muthers grid, which closeness rating reflects indifference on the nearness or lack of nearness of two departments?（D）A. A B、E C.I D.U E.X92、 Linear Programming (LP) operations are performed in an environment of certainty.（T）93、 Linear Programming (LP) always involves either maximizing or minimizing an objective function.（T）94、 Without exception, all of the functions in graphical LP are either straight lines or families of straight lines.（T）95、 It is possible to have more than one corner point of the feasible set as an optimum solution to an LP problem.（T）96、 A shadow price tells how much a decision variable can be increased or decreased without changing the value of the solution.（F）97、 Which objective function is parallel to the line 4x + 2y = 200?（B）A.2x + 4y B.2x + y C.2x + 2y D.2x - y E.2x - 4y98、 Which of these is not an assumption of linear programming models?（C）A. Divisibility B.Certainty C.Negativity (inverse relationships) D.Linearity 99、 Which one of these would not be considered a component of an LP model?（A）A. Shadow price B.Decision variable C.ConstraintD.Parameter E.All are components100、 Constraints in linear programming refer to:（D）A. the maximum free memory space available in the computerB.the cost of the LP softwar