时态精讲练习

根据上下文来确定时态 有些句子没有明显的时间状语 又不能用时态呼应规则来对照 这时就可以根据 上下文内容来判断时间关系 确定正确时态 A Where are the twins B They go to visit Uncle Wang 3 根据主从句的关系来确定时态 4 根据语言习惯来确定时态 e go leave 等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作 2 永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时 3 祈使句中 或在情态动词 助动词后 谓语动词用原形 Don t read in the sun will you You d better stay at home since it s raining outside 注意所填动词的语态 Today both basketball and volleyball play in many countries 确定动词的形式 1 be busy what about 等后用动词的 ing 形式 2 在介词后一般应用动词 的 ing 形式 3 在 keep enjoy finish mind 等动词后采用动词的 ing 形式 4 在动词 decide hope wish hate 等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语 而在 ask tell want teach 之后则用动词不定式的复合结构 即 ask sb to do sth 的形式 5 在 see hear watch make let 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词 不定式符号 to 但在被动句中 应添上 to 6 在 It s time for sb to do sth It s kind nice good of sb to do sth It takes sb some time to do sth 的句型中 动词不定式短语作句子真正 的主语 7 疑问代词 副词 why 除外 to do sth 结构 可在句中作主语 表语和 宾语 练习题 1 The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blow the earth away 2 Mr Smith kept on ask the players to remember TEAMWORK 3 Alice didn t hear what the teacher said just now so she doesn t know how do the problem 4 The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him carry it for her 5 用 help happen listen have ask be plant miss leave look 的适当形式 填空 1 WangHai is a good comrade He always does his best others 2 Dig the hole big enough or the trees can t well 3 It s time for class Let s stop to the teacher 4 Her face turned red when she to sing a song for all of us 5 She is older than Mary but much younger 6 I can t find my keys Maybe you them at home 7 We waited in the next room while they a meeting 8 Hurry up You the train if you don t 思考题 用 send show turn cost write fly get stop see do hear go 的适当形式填 空 1 you each other since you left school ten years ago 2 What they at 8 00 yesterday evening 3 The Smiths are getting ready to Australia for their holdiay 4 The beautiful jacket too much doesn t it 5 Lucy and Lily were playing cards when they a loud knock at the door 6 The radio says the rain later on 7 The boy to hospital as soon as the traffic accident happened 8 Today films in English everywhere in the world 9 It s summer now The days longer and the nights shorter 10 Mother to Shanghai and she ll be back in a week or so 动词的时态 上 A 一般现在时棗通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态 结构 1 be 动词的第一人称单数为 第三人称单数为 其他人称为 有一顺口溜体现了它的用法 我是 am 你是 are is 跟着他她它 复数都用 are 肯定式 主语 am is are 其他 否定式 主语 am is are not 其他 疑问式 Am Is Are 主语 其他 简略回答 肯 Yes 主语 am is are 否 No 主语 am is are not 缩写形式 I m I am That s That is We re We are What s What is You re You are Who s Who is They re They are Where s Where is He s He is isn t is not She s She is aren t are not It s It is 2 行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外 都用动词原形 主语是第三人称单数时 在动词 词尾加 s 或 es 肯定式 主语 动词原形 动词的第三人称单数 否定式 主语 助动词 don t doesn t 动词原形 其他 疑问式 Do Does 主语 动词原形 其他 简略回答 肯 Yes 主语 do does 否 No 主语 do does not 缩写形式 don t do not doesn t does not 注意 have 的第三人称单数为 has 用法 1 表示事实 现状 性质或经常的 习惯的动作 常与 often usually always sometimes today every day once a week every five minutes on Sundays 等时间状语连用 eg He has a brother 2 表示普遍真 理 eg The earth goes round the sun 3 表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 eg Here comes the train 4 在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 eg I ll go with you if you are free tomorrow B 一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 一般过去时通常由动词的 过去式表示 结构 1 动词的第一 三有称单数用 其他人称用 其肯定式 否定式 疑问式和 简略回答形式与一般现在时相似 2 行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则 两种 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或 不规则动词参照不规则动词表 需要 专门记忆 肯定式 主语 动词的过去式 其他 eg I got up at six this morning 否定式 主语 did not 动词原形 其他 eg John didn t live here last year 疑问式 Did 主语 动词原形 其他 eg Did you see him a moment ago 简略回答 肯 Yes 主语 did 否 No 主语 didn t 用法 1 主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态 eg My father was at work yesterday 2 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 常与 often always 等表示频度的时间状语 连用 eg He always went to work by bus last summer 3 和 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用 eg When she reached home she had a short rest 4 常与表示过去的时间状语 如 ago yesterday last week in the old days when I was five years old in 1995 等连用 eg They began the work two months ago Were you born in 1981 Yes I was C 一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 结构 助动词 shall will 动词原形 当主语第一人称时 一般用 shall 当主语为第三人称时 用 will 但主语为第一人称时 也用 will 肯 定式 主语 shall will 动词原形 其他 否定式 主语 shall will not 动词原形 其他 疑问式 Shall Will 主语 动词原形 其他 简略回答 肯 Yes 主语 shall will 否 No 主语 shall will not 缩写形式 ll shall will shan t shall not won t will not 用法 1 表示将要发生的动 作或情况 常用时间状语有 later on soon in a month next time from now on tomorrow 等 eg I shall be eighteen years old next year Maybe China s population pass 1 300 000 000 by the year 2005 2 表示某种必然的趋势 eg Fish will die without water 解析 1 在以第一人称为主语的问句中 常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况 在 以第二人称作主语的问句中 用 will 表示请求 eg Where shall we have the meeting Will you please lend me your pen 2 当主语是第一人称时 用 will 表示意愿 决心 允诺 命令等 eg I will give you an English Chinese dictionary for your birthday 3 在时间或条件状语从句中 一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时 eg Tom will write to me when he gets there 4 be going to 动词原形也可 表示将来时 1 表示主观意愿 打算等 eg He s going to learn English next term 2 根据已有迹象 可能要发生的情况 eg Look at the black clouds It is going to rain D 现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作 结构 am is are 动词的 ing 形式 用法 1 表示目前发生 进行 的动作 不指状态 常用时间状语有 now at the moment 等 并常出现在祈使句的句子中 与 look listen 连用 eg Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment Listen She is singing in the next room 2 表示目前阶段正在进行 而此刻不一定在进行的动作 eg They are planting trees these days 3 表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作 表示这种动作的动词有 come go leave arrive start see 等 并常与表示将来时间的状语连用 eg They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon 注意 某些表示感觉或状态的动词 如 love like prefer hate see know 等一般不用现在进行时 eg Lucy prefers art to science 练习题 1 Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center a once a week b in a week c next week d for a week 2 Be quiet The baby sleep in the next room 3 Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he meet her in her office tomorrow 4 The bell for the class rang while they play on the playground 5 Lucy said it rain later on 思考题 1 The Chinese people work hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful 2 He ll write to you as soon as he arrive in Hainan 3 The students of Class One have a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon 4 The sky is black It rain I m afraid 5 If it not snow tomorrow we ll go skating 6 Mr and Mrs Green travel to the south of China next week aren t they 7 I not see the film with you because I ve seen it already 8 He told us that he stay here till the next week 9 I lose my pen this morning I haven t found it yet 动词的时态 下 G 现在完成时棗表示到目前为止已经完成 并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动 作 结构 助动词 have has 动词的过去分词 用法 1 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常与一些时间状语 如 already yet ever never just before once twice 等连用 也可以和包 括现在在内的时间状语 如 these days today this year so far 等连用 eg I have already posted the letter 信已经不在我这儿了 2 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 一直持续到现在 也许还将继续下去 可以 和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用 即 for 时间段 since 时间点 从句 in the last ten years 等 谓语只可用延续性动词 解析 1 英语动词根据词义可分为两种 一种是延续性的 一种是终止性的 终止性动词 也可称为非延续性动词 瞬间动词 或点动词 如 begin start die buy leave come 等 表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成 不能再延续 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用 即不能与表 示一段时间的状语 for 时间段 since 时间点 从句连用 也不能用在 how long 引导的特殊疑问句中 eg I ve left Shanghai for three days I ve been away from Shanghai for three days I left Shanghai three days ago It is has been three days since I left Shanghai 2 初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有 leave go come arrive begin buy borrow die join become 等 终止性动词要表示持续时 可用以下方法 将时间状语改为时间段 ago 句中谓语动词用一般过去时 eg 我弟弟参军两年了 My brother joined the army two years ago 若保留 for 时间段 since 时间点 从句 或用在 how long 句型中 则需将 终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 常见终止性动词与延续性动词 或状态动词 的对应关系如下 come go arrive get reach move be in at open be open die be dead close be closed become be borrow keep begin start be on put on wear leave be away from buy have fall asleep be asleep end finish be over catch a cold have a cold join the army be in the army be a soldier join the Party be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years My brother has been a soldier for two years 3 现在完成时中 been to gone to 和 been in at been to 去过某地 表示某人 的一种经历 可以和 once twice already ever never 等连用 eg She has been to Shanghai twice 表示目前人在这里 gone to 去某地了 说话时某人已离开此地 在去某地的途中或已在某地 eg She has gone to Shanghai 表示现在她人不在这里 been in at 逗留在某地 已经一段时间 常和 for ten days since I came here 等连用 eg She has been in Shanghai since she moved there 4 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响 强调的是现在的情况 不 可以和表示过去的时间状语 yesterday in 1991 three days ago last time last night 等连用一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实 和现在不发生关 系 5 现在完成时中的 for 与 since for 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since 时间点 从句 I have kept the library book for a week I have kept the library book since a week ago 6 It is has been 一段时间 since 从句 自从某事发生已有一段时间 了 eg It is has been two years since my brother joined the army 注意 1 since 引导的从句中动词用过去时 2 when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用 3 have got has got 虽然是现在完成时 但 have got have has got has 练习题 1 It s a long time since we meet last isn t it 2 I know you choose a picture book among these Yes Have a look at it please 3 So far spaceships without people reach the moon and some other partsof the universe 4 My father home for nearly three weeks A has gone away from B has left C has been away from D went away 5 Mr and Mrs Green have in China for a week A been B got C arrived D reached 6 Where s Mary Oh she the library A has gone to B went to C has been to D had gone to H 过去完成时棗表示过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作 结构 助动词 had 动词的过去分词 用法 1 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作 动作发 生的时间为 过去的过去 表示过去某一时间可用 by before 等构成的短语 也可用 when before 等引导的从句或通过上下文表示 eg By the end of last term we had learned a thousand English words He had finished his homework before his father came back last night 2 表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作或状态 一直延续到这一过去时刻 或还 将继续下去 eg When I got to know him he had worked there for twenty years 注意 否定式 had not hadn t 时态的呼应 1 主句中谓语动词如果是