中考英语 语法整合复习 第2课时 冠词 牛津版.doc

第2课时冠词中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词、定冠词以及零冠词的用法,题型以选择题为主。考查定冠词和不定冠词的区别;不定冠词重在考查学生对a和an的区分。预计2016年将会考查定冠词与零冠词和不定冠词混合型为主的选择题。冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)。一、 不定冠词的用法1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类。如:she is a girl. 她是一个女孩。pass me an apple,please. 请给我一个苹果。2. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:a boy is waiting for you. 一个男孩在等你。we work six days a week. 我们一周工作六天。3. 表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:we are going to have an english lesson tomorrow. 我们明天将要上一节英语课。i have a mouth,a nose,two eyes and two ears. 我有一个嘴巴、一个鼻子、两只眼睛和两只耳朵。4. 用于某些固定的词组中,如:a few,a little,a lot of,have a rest,have a swim注:用a还是an,要看后面的单词的读音是以辅音开头还是以元音开头。二、 定冠词的用法1. 用在谈话双方都知道所指人或物的名词前。如:there is none on the playground. 操场上没有人。please close the window. 请把窗户关上。2. 在序数词前或在“定冠词+年份的阿拉伯数字+s”结构中,表示以“十年为一个单位”的年代。如:he lives on the first floor. 他住在二楼。they are going to show you clothes from the 1970s to the 1990s.今天他们要向你们展示20世纪70年代到90年代的服装。3. 用在表示乐器、报刊、杂志等名词前。如:he likes playing the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴。i like playing the violin. 我爱拉小提琴。he likes reading the peoples daily. 他喜欢读人民日报。4. 用在被词组、短语或句子修饰的名词前,含有特指意义。如:the young man in sweater is my brother. 穿毛衣的那个人是我的哥哥。the old woman you saw just now is my granny. 你刚才见到的那个老太太是我的奶奶。5. 用在江河、湖海、山脉、建筑物、群岛、海峡等的专有名词前。如:the changjiang river is the third river in the world. 长江是世界第三大河。the west lake is a good place to travel. 西湖是旅游的好去处。6. 用在名词化的形容词前,表示某一类人或物。如:the poor穷人;the rich有钱人;the young年轻人;the wounded伤员;the beautiful美丽的东西7. 用在表示方向/位的名词前。如:the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳在东方升起,在西方落下。8. 用在形容词最高级前或在“the+比较级,the+比较级”的结构中,表示“越越”。如:he is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班个子最高的。the busier she is,the happier she feels. 她越忙,越感到幸福。the better i know him,the more i learn from him. 我越了解他,向他学习的东西就越多。9. 用在单数名词前,表示一类人或物。如:the tree is a kind of plant. 树是一种植物。the tiger is a ferocious animal. 老虎是一种凶猛的动物。10. 用在固定搭配或习惯用语中。如:in the morning在早晨/上午;by the way顺便说/问一下;look the same看起来一样/相同;in the end最后/终于;in the front of在的前部;in the middle of在的中间;the number of的数量三、 零冠词的用法1. 序数词前有物主代词等限定词时,不用定冠词。如:this is her second song. 这是她的第二首歌。2. 如果用序数词来表示街道时,前面一般不用定冠词。如:turn left on first avenue and enjoy the citys quiet street and small park. 从第一大道向左拐,享受城市中安静的街道和小公园的乐趣。3. 动词play与球类、棋牌类等的名词连用时中间不用定冠词。如:play basketball打篮球;play football踢足球;play chess下棋4. 专有名词(如国名、地名、节日)一般情况下不用定冠词。例如:what do you eat at dragon boat festival?端午节你们通常吃什么?we eat rice dumpling. 我们吃粽子。walk along south road. youll see sunshine town railway station on your right.沿着南路走,在你的右边你就会看到阳光城火车站。【注意】完全由普通名词构成的专有名词或由普通名词+形容词/分词构成的专有名词前,一般情况下要加定冠词。但是表示公园、广场、车站等的专有名词前一般不加定冠词。如:the reading club阅读俱乐部;the swimming club游泳俱乐部;the summer palace 颐和园;the palace museum故宫博物院;the united union联合国can you tell me the way to sunshine town railway station from sunshine shopping mall?你告诉我从向阳购物广场到阳光城火车站怎么走吗?5. 方位名词用来表示单纯的方向或方向之间的关系时,名词前不加冠词;如果这类词汇成对使用时,通常省略定冠词。如:northwest is opposite southeast. 西北与东南相对。our school is southwest of the post office.我们学校在邮局的西南。the house is 20 meters from east to west,and 15 meters from north to south. 这房子从东到西20米,南北15米。6. 最高级前有限定词(如物主代词等)时,不用定冠词。如:he is my best friend. 他是我最好的朋友。7. 泛指个体名词或抽象名词时,名词前不能加定冠词。如:they are listening to music. 他们在听音乐。there are no calories in water. 水里不含卡路里。they are students. 他们是学生。【注意】有的固定搭配或习惯用语中,使用和不用定冠词the意思相同。如:at least=at the least至少;turn left=turn to the left向左拐;on one hand.on the other hand=on the one hand.on the other hand一方面,另一方面案例(2015江苏泰州11分)lu jialei,14,from hangzhou foreign language school,won first place in the cctv chinese character spelling contest(中国汉字听写大会).a. /;theb. a;the c. a;ad./;a【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。前面指的是杭州的一所外国语学校,而下句指的是赢得第一名,所以前面用不定冠词a;而下空用定冠词the来表示。【答案】 b例1名词前使用冠词的区分。(2015江苏扬州11分)have you seen film where are we going,dad?yes,its interesting film!a. a;theb. the;anc. a;and. the;the【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。因为上面是特指这部电影,用定冠词the;而下句指的是一部有趣的电影,又因为interesting是以元音音素开头的单词,所以这里用不定冠词an。【答案】 b例2定冠词和不定冠词的运用。(2015四川达州211分)look!there is a monkey eating apple in the tree.en, monkey is very cute.a. a;ab. a;thec. an;and. an;the【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。apple是以元音因素开头的单数名词,之前应该用不定冠词an;monkey是第二次提到,应该用定冠词。【答案】 d例3不定冠词an的用法。(2015山东滨州211分)look!whos boy over there?oh,he is my cousin,bob. he is honest boy.a. a;theb. the;ac. the;and. a;an【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。句意:看!那边的那个男孩是谁?哦,是我堂弟鲍伯。他是一个诚实的孩子。定冠词the表示特指,那边的那个,而不是其他地方的那个。honest以元音音素开头,故前面用an。【答案】 c例4不使用冠词的情况。(2015江苏模拟1分)many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.a. the;theb. 不填;不填c. the;不填d. 不填;the【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。be in the habit是固定搭配,有定冠词。第二空没有冠词,表泛指,没有指定哪个公共场所。【答案】 c例5习惯用法。(2015山东菏泽1分)doing lots of listening practice is one of best ways of becoming good language learner.a. the;theb. the;a c. 不填;ad. the;不填 【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。因为one of+最高级是固定结构,所以前面的空格用the;而后面泛指要成为一个好的语言学习者,所以后面空格处用不定冠词a。【答案】 b1. (2015四川成都31)im going to be basketball player.a. theb. ac. an2. (2015陕西1分)i had unusual day on my last school trip.a. ab. anc. /d. the 3. (2015甘肃白银1分)whats matter with you?i have toothache. a. a;theb. the;/c. /;ad. the;a4. (2015浙江湖州1分)who is young lady with curly blonde hair?a. ab. anc. thed. /5. (2015浙江温州1分)cathy was very happy to meet old friend on the plane to paris.a. ab. anc. thed. /6. (2015浙江温州1分)whats the matter with you?i cant remember where i parked car.a. ab. anc. thed. /7. (2015重庆c1分)i have english dictionary and it helps me a lot.a. ab. anc. thed. /8. (2015浙江丽水1分)mr smith has 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.a. ab. anc. thed. 不填9. (2015浙江绍兴1分)my brother fred woke up with bad headache,yet by the evening the pain had gone.a. ab. anc. thed. 不填 10. (2015浙江台州1分)what do you think of the new movie the monkey king,sally?its funny one.a. ab. anc. thed. 不填11. (2015山东泰安1分)is red bag under the table yours,jean?no. i only have yellow bag. maybe its julias.a. a;theb. the;ac. a;ad. the;the 12. (2015山东威海1分)mom,i like green t-shirt. could you buy it for me?a. ab. anc. thed. 不填 13. (2015山东聊城1分)daming,whats your dream?i want to be engineer some day. a. ab. anc. thed. 不填14. (2015山东潍坊1分)reading can make you become expert and change your life.a. ab. anc. 不填d. the 15. (2015贵州黔西南1分)how was dinner at mikes house?it was great. mikes mum is wonderful cook.a. a;theb. the;ac. the;thed. a;an 16. (2015河南211分)what heavy rain it was!yes,but i love air after it rains. it smells so fresh. a. the;ab. a;thec. the;thed. a;a 17. (2015重庆b1分)jolin is famous singer. she has a lot of fans.a. ab. anc. thed./18. (2015浙江杭州1分)my cousin went abroad at age of eighteen.a. ab. anc. thed. 不填19. (2015四川宜宾1分)i think english is useful language,and its also important language.a. an;ab. a;anc. an;thed. a;the 20. (2015内蒙古呼和浩特1分)why did you laugh just now?ted wanted to tell us very funny story,but he forgot ending himself.a. a;anb. the;thec. the;ad. a;the21. (2015山东东营1分)“if you stop dropping litter,ill kiss pig.” the head teacher promised the students at a school meeting.a. ab. anc. thed./22. usually go to church every sunday.a. the brownb. a brownc. brownsd. the browns23. the train is running fifty miles .a. an hourb. one hourc. the hourd. a hour24. earth we live on is bigger than moon.a. the;ab. the;thec. an;ad. an;the25. whats the matter wi