法律英语——合同中常见单词总结与解析.docx

My Vocabulary Briefing in Legal English 同一词语普通用语与法律用语意义不同的对比单词普通词义法律词义备注accord符合、一致和解或和解协议reach an accord/accord and satisfactionacquire获得、获取对公司的购买、收购AcquisitionM&A act/action行为、行动作为、诉讼Actforbear/initiate an actionagent代理人、代理商商业代理（非商业用proxy）attach依附、粘贴扣押（财产）Attach the property/attachment orderbind包扎、粘合约束Bind sb. to sth./to do sth.call呼唤、召集催促履行义务、催款Notice of call composition作文、结构和解协议债务人与债权人settlement agreementcontribution贡献、捐赠出资Registered capital contributioncustom风俗、惯例惯例法、Customs海关Custom and usage(惯例、习惯法)customs declaration. Customs dutydistress悲痛、贫困；使悲痛、使贫困扣押物Abuse the distress滥用扣押物。Distress sale 扣押物出售future未来Futures期货；期货合同Futures sales; futures contract; futures marketgrace慈悲、恩惠宽限期Day of grace; grace periodHonor荣誉、信誉对票据的承兑Honor a billinfant婴儿未成年人（minor）The contract made by an infantlimitation限制时效Lapse of limitationpromotion推广发起设立（公司）Incorporation by promotionrealize实现财产的变现Realize the security; unrealized profit;receivable可接受的应收Schedule of accounts receivable; bills receivable; amount receivable.retain保留、保持聘请（律师、顾问等）Retain an attorneyroyalty皇族、高贵知识产权使用费Royalty bonus; royalty interest; royalty taxsatisfaction满足清偿或履行Satisfaction by legacy; satisfaction of judgment; satisfaction of lien.survive幸存继续有效This clause shall survive the termination同一意义正式与非正式的表达单词相当于例句affectinfluenceaffect its rightConstrue/constructionInterpret/interpretationA waiver shall not be construed asConstruction of the contractdetermineDecide(法律英语中表示判决、裁决)It shall be determined with reference toThe court decided that the litigation feeDue to Because of The contract was terminated due toExclusive ofexcludingAll rates quoted herein are exclusive of tax.In accordance withAccording to类似词组pursuant to, in pursuance withforthwithimmediatelyIt shall forthwith notify the other partyProvided thatbut略Real propertyReal estate范围更广些，除土地及附属建筑和房屋还有其他附属的各种权益undertakepromiseUndertake to doAs ofsinceThis contract shall take effect as of the said date Comply withAbide by/observe/followFailure to comply with the regulations can resultDeem(be deemed to)believeshall be deemed to be the consent of Intend toWish toIn the event/case thatifinterimtemporaryRegular meetings and interim meetingsnotwithstandingThough/although一词多义:Advise释义：advise在法律英语中有两个常用意思：律师等法律工作者提供法律建议，如The partner of the law firm advised the Manager on various specialist legal issues。该律师事务所的合伙人就各种专业法律问题向经理提出了法律建议。通知，相当于notify或inform，如The use of advise in the sense of “inform, notify,” was restricted to business correspondence and legal contexts. Thus one may say the suspects were advised of their rights, but it would be considered pretentious to say youd better advise your friends that the date of the picnic has been changed。advise 表示“通知，告知”的这种用法局限地用于商业往来及法律情况。因此可以说嫌疑犯被告知他们所具有的权利， 但是你最好通知你的朋友，野餐的日期有所改变，这种说法被认为是做作的。Deposit释义：deposit在法律英语中通常最常用的意思有两个：存款，这是他在普通英语和法律英语都很常见的意思，既可作名词也可作动词，如He has a deposit of 10,000yuan in ICBC。他在工商银行有1万元的存款。People tend to deposit their idle money in the bank。人们喜欢把不用的钱存到银行。定金，保证金，相当于earnest money。根据中国的合同法，缴纳定金方违约的，定金不予返还，接收定金方违约的，应当双方返还定金。如The shop undertook to keep the goods for me provided that I paid a deposit.商店答应, 倘若我付定金就给我保留这批货。Discharge释义：discharge在法律英语中的常用含义有两个：履行，侧重于对具体义务的履行，相当于fulfill，如He discharged his obligations after the call of the creditors。他在债权人的督促下，才履行了自己的义务。免除，即免除他人的义务或债务。His liability to pay the loan to the bank was discharged due to his bankruptcy。他对银行的借款偿还义务因其破产而免除。从上面两个例子可以看出，discharge的两个含义是截然相反的，因此，我们在理解和翻译它的含义时，应当放到上下文中，不能望文生义。一般来说，如果主语是自己（如例证1），就理解为履行，动作由别人发出（如例证2），则理解为免除。draft释义：draft在法律英语中通常有两个含义，一个是起草，如draft a law起草法律，draft a contract起草合同等。另一个意思是汇票，如承兑汇票也可以是honor a draft，开具汇票可以说是issue a draft等。execute释义：execute是法律英语中常用也是比较容易出错的单词，通常理解为合同的签订等。如the contract shall take effect upon its execution 合同自签订之日起生效。很多人容易把它理解为执行，这是错误的。但execution的确有执行、履行的意思，如果它与表示一段的时间状语连用，那肯定是执行、履行的意思，如in the course of the execution of the contract在合同履行过程中。issue释义：issue的意思是签发，如issue an order签发命令，issue a notice签发通知，issue stock发行证券，issue a draft开具汇票等。用作名词时，意思是争点、争议点，即当事人之间关于事实或法律的争议事项，如issue at/in law 法律上的争点，issue of fact事实上的争点等。representation释义：representation在法律英语中有两个含义，一是代表，如representation by counsel由律师代表，一个是陈述，通常和warranty连用，出现在合同中，representation and warranty为合同的“陈述与保证条款”。underwrite释义:underwrite在法律英语中有两个常见含义，一是承保、给保险，如underwrite the goods in transit为运输途中的货物承保，另外一个意思是证券承销、报销，如underwriting agreement证券承销协议，underwriting spread承销差价等。settlement释义：settlement在法律英语中的常见含义是和解，如reach a settlement达成和解，settlement out of court庭外和解。另外，settlement也可作账目的结算，如settlement of an account账目结算，settlement date交割日等。term释义：term在法律英语中有两个常见含义，一是期限，如term of office任期，term of the contract 合同有效期，另外一个是条件，如term of the purchase购买条件，terms and conditions条件及条款等。withdraw释义：withdraw有两个常用意思，一是支取、提款，如withdraw money from the bank从银行提款，另一个意思是撤回、撤销，如withdraw an offer撤回邀约，withdraw a charge撤回指控，withdraw from criminal activities推出犯罪活动等。withhold 释义：withhold在法律英语中有两个常见含义，一是扣付，如withhold tax代扣税款，另外一个是拒绝（公开、给予等），如withhold consent不同意，withhold sentence不予判刑等。习惯用法joint and several释义：joint and several是一个常用词组，意思是连带的，如joint (and several ) liability连带责任，又如a warranty，representation，undertaking, indemnity, covenant or agreement on the part of two or