音素和国际音标.doc

音素和国际音标 1什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2音素的分类：元音和辅音。3音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会记录世界各主要语言的语音。6. 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello7. 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup, let, madb)元音+辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant8.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。9.音素的分类 元 音12个单元音长元音a:i: u:短元音i ue8个双元音ai eiii e u auu 辅 音10对清辅音p tkfsttrts浊辅音b dgvz3d3drdz3个鼻音mn3个似拼音hrl2个半元音wj英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音/i:/:/:/:/ /:/短元音/i/ / / /e/ /双元音 /e/a/a/ /e/辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/ 半元音/j/ w/边音/Lesson 1元音i: i : 1.元音:1) i: 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei （eo ey i）three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean pleasehe she me we evening piece receive ceiling 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。 1.seat rain bean cat 2.gift feet teacher dog 3.pig star tree jeep4.sweet sea fish the2) i 发音字母 i y e ui u asit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss many twenty happy dictionary carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainydefect decide delicious begin behind jacket basketball monkey money根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jelly3) : 字母组合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heard earlyterm her serve serve termwork worm work world 根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。 1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse 3.turtle bird rabbit knee 4.room run shirt term4) 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar sugertogether tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china根据发音规则，找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food 3. hair deer tiger China 4.sugar soon ear leader 音标i: i : 练习1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) hefeet breadgreen ( ) pig is dog ship ( ) thirtybird her food ( ) shebig in money ( ) sweetsfish teacher we ( ) teachersisteraboutgirl ( ) tigerfirstworkshirt ( ) treebeancleanchin ( ) fatherdoctorskirt china ( ) happyseasitpicture2. 读音标写单词。 bi: b:d si: swi:t bizi h: dkt sist li:f hi: 3. 连线。 meat : thirsty i: driver animal i:Lesson 2音标: u: u学习5) : 字母组合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumnfour mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 根据发音规则，找出发:的1个单词写在后面1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare 3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk6) 发音字母 o a ouhot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch 根据发音规则，找出发:的2个单词写在后面1.doctor teacher box clothes2.cold zoo clock dog3.love boss lot violin4.watch beach fox girl7) u: 字母组合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full prude ruler rude根据发音规则，找出不发u:的单词。1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watch8) u 字母组合 oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could put full bull pull pushwoman wolf bull bullet根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot3.wood kind wolf bull 4.bullet wood cook name音标: u: u练习一找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) moonfood eat fruit ( ) truebookwoodlook ( ) foursmallwalk bird ( ) gotclockshopshirt ( ) busfootpush book ( ) lostball long ox ( ) rulerdog mooncake blue ( ) bigship horse it二 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。 hotblu: footballhuk blue ki:s hookfutb:l kisshtLesson 3音标a: e学习9) a: 字母组合 ar a au earcar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant calm laugh aunt heart根据发音规则，圈出发a:的2个单词。1.arm lip doctor card 2. cloud cart garden gate3.ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March park10) 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother does brother love above trouble rough touch cousin countryblood flood根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。1.hear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant3.vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her11) e 字母组合 ea e a （ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay）head bread pleasureelephant remember sell lesson better bed desk many any 根据发音规则，找出每组中不发e的单词。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy12) 发音字母 abag ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag man hand and根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。 1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear 3.rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife appleLesson 4元音音标ei ai i au学习13) ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April make snake lazyplay say may way great break rain paint plainthey grey 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。 1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat 3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train14) ai 发音字母 i y ie uybike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye sky whytie pie buy根据发音规则，找出每组中发ai的2个单词. 1.rice good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse 3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kite15) 字母组合oy oiboy toy joy oil soil voice choice boil coin 根据发音规则，找出每组中发i的2个单词. 1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise 3.walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milk16) au 字母组合 ou ow house out flour loud around mouseflower down now cow how town根据发音规则，选出不发au的单词。 1mouse cloud arm clown 2.teacher trousers cow mouth 3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now babyLesson 5元音音标u i e u的练习17) u 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flowboat coat goalnose rose over 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的2个单词。 1coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road 3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lamp18) i 字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea根据发音规则，圈出每组中发i的1个单词。 1.bear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come 3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here three19) e 字母组合ear air erepear bear wearchair air fair hair pairthere where根据发音规则，圈出每组中发e的1个单词。 1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come 3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three20) u字母组合our oor ure tour poor sure pure根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的1个单词。 1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury 3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/ 半元音/j/ w/边音/爆破音： ptk bdg摩擦音： f v s z 破擦音： tr dr ts dz t t3 鼻辅音： m n Lesson 6辅音音标p b t d练习1）p 发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop pp: apple happy 根据发音规则，圈出没有发p的单词。 1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple 3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck2）b 发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag banana bb: rubber rabbit cabbage根据发音规则，圈出发b的2个单词。 1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby3）t 发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket tt: butter matter根据发音规则，圈出没有发t的1个单词。 1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duck 3.pocket packet cat rain4) d 发这个音的字母和字母组合d ed d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold ed: smiled opened played根据发音规则，圈出没有发d的1个单词。 1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five 3.dance duck grape音标p b t d练习 一. 选出下列没有相同发音的词 ( ) 1. pear ship coat pig ( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage ( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet ( ) 4. seed dance hand full ( )5. pick pen sit pineapple ( ) 6. cold find door chair ( ) 7. cloth purple pool push ( ) 8. eat fan quiet set三.写出单词或音标。 pnd kt di:p klaud apple pear rabbit readLesson 7辅音音标k g s z学习5. k发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck c: cap cook cup car can class k: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck从下列单词中找出一个发sk的单词。 1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock 3. disk truck silk duck6. g发这个音的字母和字母组合g ggg: glass golf get girl bag goat flaggg: egg 根据发音规则，圈出发g的单词。1. gas drive gum give violin bag 2. jeans orange log bridge guess3. tank grade long language 7. s发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce s: star sun snake sea seec: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate ss: grass glass class boss ce: face race rice nice根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发s的单词。1. whose juice lick student 2. those case scarf shoes3. space nose science meat 4. tears piece bus nose 8. z发这个音的字母和字母组合z s se z: zero zebra zoo s: bags photos sisters se: nose rose根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发z的单词。 1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes 3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zeroLesson 8辅音音标 3 t d3练习9. 发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发的2个单词。 1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship 3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf10. 3发这个音的字母和字母组合s s: television, usually, Asia measure decision pleasure根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词。1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelf11. t发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tchch: teacher peach cherry chair tch: watch match 根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t的单词，并抄下来。1. chair dumpling beach cheese 2. night she monkey3. China church these flower egg 4. dream shark chick catch12. d3发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发d3的单词。 1.egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job 2.gift gate orange drug jeans gun音标 3 t d3练习一选出下列具有相同发音的单词。 ( )1. shell watch ship see ( ) 2. shell pleasure sick treasure ( )3. chair China Monkey dream ( )4. job gift door cabbage ( )5. grass chick start jeans三. 拼读音标。d3m pi:t ip w fi ip kt pit Lesson 9音标f v 的练习13.f发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf ff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh选出下列单词中不发f的单词，写在横线上。 1. knife flower foot fish pick get 2.photo giraffe laugh leaf14.v发这个音的字母和字母组合v vev: video vase vestve: five love violin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打 1.violin move vote window 2.van volcano white woman 3.victory wet wave vase15.发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: three thin third teeth mouth根据发音规则，圈出不发的单词。 1father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother 3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth 16.发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: father mother brother clothes weather根据发音规则，圈出每组中发 的1个单词。1than sister brother three2. weather thank night good3. tie look teeth they4. thin father throat watch音标f v 的练习一将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 ( ) 1. foot knife pick fish ( ) 2. window move vote vase ( ) 3. three fan thousand thin ( ) 4. father them brother watch ( ) 5. finish van fool fat二. 拼读音标。 br keid3 vest he kuk ti: zi:p la:f Lesson 10辅音音标tsdz tr dr的练习17. ts 发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats tes: gates kites dates tastes 根据发音规则，找出发ts的4个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.sands woods boots birds 2.hats carrots hands beds 3.friends rats seeds kids18. dz 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des ds: seeds woods friends birds beds des: rides 根据发音规则，找出发dz的5个单词写在后面的横线上。1.coats hands cats kites 2.beds words pets kids 3.seats horse sands gates19. tr 发这个音的字母和字母组合tr tr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick根据发音规则，找出没有发tr的3个单词写在后面的横线上。1.seats truck train trash tractor 2.drink street drug trousers20. dr 发这个音的字母和字母组合drdr: draw drink driver dragon dry 根据发音规则，找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1. dream duck dress rain 2. rat drain drug door 3. tree treasure drawer drink 4. truck dragon dish drum _ _ 音标tsdz tr dr的练习 一. 选出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词。 ( ) ( ) 1. dream shoes drink popcorn ( ) ( ) 2. truck thirsty bath trash ( ) ( ) 3. beds pets words gates ( ) ( ) 4. birds boots rats friends ( ) ( ) 5.drug drain rain dish二. 拼读音标。 draiv train wuds kaits tr dr: guts frendz 三. 把下列单词和音标用线连起来。 kuts trousers si:dz coats tr seeds draiv trash trauzz driverLesson 11辅音音标hrlm的练习21h发这个音的字母和字母组合h wh h: he her head heart hair ham wh: who whose 根据发音规则， 把下列单词中不发h的找出来。 1. ham hat white ( ) 2. horse whale who ( ) 3. wheat hole hair ( )22 r 发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wr r: rice room ride road rose rr: mirror carrot parrot wr: write wrong wrap根据发音规则，选出发r的单词，打。1. bread driver wrong rain worker2. river father robot rope sister3. write fruit rabbit crown drum23 l 发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll l: look light lock lucky lion tail ll: ball pull dollar tell根据发音规则，选出每组中不发l的单词。1. lamp nail flag woman ( )2. yellow fruit lion lychee ( )3. grape bull laugh lake ( )4. dumpling moon wheel