北师大版高一英语必修二U4知识点.doc

Lesson One 1. come true 成为现实；实现例：Its like a dream come true. (习语)2. predict v. 语言 prediction n.predict 与forecast 的区别：predict 是用经验，感觉来判断；而forecast指对未来事件的预测，这种预测建立在某种知识或 判断上，如对天气的预测是建立在科学判断上的。3. describe vt. 描 写，形容；把称为例： He described himself as a doctor. description n. 描述4. harm vt. & n. 损害，伤害Too much direct sunlight will harm the plant. do harm to 伤害，损害This wont do his career serious harm. do more harm than good 弊大于利Criticizing peoples work often does more harm than good. 5. cause n. & vt. (1) n. 原因，起因；理由，缘故Carelessness is often the cause of fires. (2)vt. 使发生，引起，造成；后接名词，间接宾语+直接宾语，直接宾语+ to/for+间接宾语或宾语+to do sth.What caused his illness? 6. affect vt. 影响affect vt. 影响Smoking affects health. effect n. 效应；影响Loud noises have a bad effect on hearing. effort n. 努力；尽力. Ill spare no effort to help you. affect vt. 使感染;假装Her heart and kidneys had become affected. 7. offer vt. 提供，供应；出价；主动提出 n. 主动提议；出价；特价（1） vt. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物I offered him a glass of wine. = I offered a glass of wine to him. （2） offer sb. some money for sth. 出价多少钱向某人买某物He offered $4,000 for the car. （3） offer to do sth. 主动做某事（4） n. Ive had an offer of $4,000 for the small house. （5） on offer 削价出售8. voice 用作及物动词，意思是“表达，吐露”；voice还可用作名词，意思是“声音，嗓音”或“意见；发言权”常用短语：voice ones deep love to sb. 表达对某人深深地爱voice ones opinion 表达某人的观点with one voice 异口同声in a loud/quiet voice 大声地/轻声低9. 采取行动:take action take a step/steps take a measure/measures 10. fear v. 后接名词，不定式，v-ing形式或从句He fears death. = He fears to die. = He fears dying. fear n. “害怕，恐惧，担心”（1） for fear of + sth./ doing sth. / for fear (that)生怕，以免（2） in fear of 害怕（3） with fear 由于害怕They hurried away for fear of being caught in the rain. = They hurried away for fear that they should be caught in the rain. 11. 复杂疑问句构成：疑问词+do you think/suppose/imagine/believe/expect+其余部分（其余部分语序为陈述句语序）What do you think technology will change our lives?12. do (看见动作全过程)see sb. doing (看到动作正在进行) done (看到某事被做，表示完成或状态)13. will, be going to, be about to与be to do 的用法异同（1） 表“推测”用法时，用will表示推测是从我们的直觉，知识及经验出发的；用be going to 表示推测是来自证据或事实。Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. I think people will be able to have holidays on Mars in 100 years time. （2） 表示“将来打算”用法时：a. be going to 表示事先经过考虑的打算（will 表示临时想到的）We are going to Britain next month. b. be going to 表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明要发生或即将发生的某种情况；Good heavens, I must hurry. I am going to be late. c. be going to 表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事。Im going to help my parents run our business. （3） be about to do 表示快要做某事，指的是一个眼下就要发生的动作，因此不能与确切的时间状语连用。但是，它可以和as 或when引导的时间状语从句连用。The plane is about to take off. （4） a. be to do 相当于should do,即“某事应当或必须如何做”，常用在通知或注意事项里。 These tables are to be kept out of the reach of children. b. be to do 可以用于表示命令，常用语父母让子女做某事或上级指示下级去做某事。You are to finish your homework before you watch TV.c. be to do 也可以用于表示预先安排的计划或约定。Im to meet Mr. Brown at ten in the evening14. 将来进行时构成：助动词shall/will +be +现在分词-将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。Lesson Two Websites 1. fancy v. 想象，设想；认为；喜欢；爱好 fancy doing sth. n. 想要；爱好2. hang on 抓紧；坚持；别挂电话3. be up to He is working up to now. What are you up to now?He is well up to this work. Its up to me to help them with maths. 4. suggest doing sth. suggest sb. should do sth. 5. keep in touch (with) get in touch (with) lose touch (with) be in touch (with) be/get out of touch (with) bring into/in touch (with) 6. make, find, believe, think, consider与feel + it (形式宾语) +adj. to do sth. 7. have sth. done (1) 表示主语有意识的行为，have具有使役意义，主语不参加。(2) 表示“遭遇”“经历”，此时句子所表示的动作是违背主语的意志的。8. 虚拟语气与真实语气相反，它表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。（1） 与现在事实相反的假设 句型：if +主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）+其他，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形+其他（2） 与过去事实相反的假设： 句型：if+主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他，主语+should/would/could/might+have+动词的过去分词+其他（3） 与将来事实相反的假设：句型：a. if+主语+动词的过去式+其他b. if+主语+were to +动词原形+其他c if+主语+should + 动词原形+其他，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形+其他虚拟语气用于表示要求，建议，命令等从句中，从句谓语动词的形式为：should +动词原形（should可省去）。（1） 宾语从句中常见的动词有：suggest, advise, propose, insist,urge,ask,demand,request,desire,order,command,require,recommend,prefer等。（2） 主语从句中常见的形容词有：necessary, desirable,preferable,advisable,important,natural,urgent,strange等；常见的过去分词有：demanded, ordered, proposed, required, suggested等，即宾语从句中的动词；常见的名词有：an idea, a shame, a pity, no wonder 等。（3） 用于表语从句或同位语从句中常见的名词有：advice, demand, order, proposal, suggestion, request, idea等。（4） 虚拟语气用于wish 之后的宾语从句中，常译为“但愿”“就好了”。a. that 从句谓语动词：动词的过去式（be 动词一般用were）b. 表示过去未能实现的愿望。that 从句谓语动词：had +过去分词c. 表示有可能实现的愿望。that 从句谓语动词：would/might +动词原形d. 在It is wished that 结构以及wish 用作名词所引导的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，基本用法同上。（5） 虚拟语气用于would rather/prefer之后的从句中，表示希望或委婉地责备。a. 从句动词用过去式，表示与现在事实相反。b. 从句动词用“had+过去分词”，表示与过去事实相反。c. 从句动词用动词原形表示与将来事实相反。（6） 虚拟语气用于It is (high)time(that)结构中，表示“该做事了”。从句动词用过去式或“should+动词原形（should不可省）”。（7） 虚拟语气用于as if/though引导的方式状语从句和表语从句以及even if/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句动词形式与wish之后的宾语从句动词形式相同。（8） 虚拟语气用于目的状语从句a. 用于in order that 或so that 引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语动词用“may/might/can/could+动词原形”。b. 用于in case或for fear that 引导目的状语从句中，表示“以防”，“以免”，从句动词用should +动词原形（should不可省）。9. as well 与and 连用，放在句末，表示“也；（既）又”的意思。He is a professor, and a writer as well. as well as “不仅而且；既又；除了之外，还有”。as well as “与一样好”。10. be known as be known for .be known to be known by be known infamous, noted或distinguished 11. consist of 由组成，无被动式。make up 构成，组成be made up of 由构成12. climate 气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温，降雨量等，还可指（社会）风气。 weather 天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。13. cut off 切断，断绝；（突然）中止cut across 抄近路通过cut down 砍倒cut back削减cut in 插嘴cut out切掉，删掉cut up切碎cut through 抄近路通过；刺穿14. There is no need (for sb. )to do sth. There is no hope of doing sth. There is no possibility to do sth. There is no doubt that 15. (1) be of +抽象名词，相当于be+该名词