倒装和省略.docx

倒装句1.全部倒装：1)副词here, there, now, then ,in, out ,away, up , down, off, back, over等置于句首时，且主语是名词时。 Here are some picture-books. Out rushed the boy, crying . 注意代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。 Away he went . 2) 作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时。Present at the meeting were some important figures. Sitting in front of the house was a little girl.Seated in front of the house was a little girl.Among the goods are Chinese trees, flowers, candles and toys. 3) 表地点的介词短语置于句首，全倒装. In front of the building stands a big tree . 2部分倒装：1)否定词置于句首，部分倒装。 a) never, hardly, seldom, little, few , nowhere等表否定或半否定意义的词置于句首时.Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery. b）常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。 Not onlybut (also) 并列两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，而后一个分句不倒装。Not only does he like playing the piano, but also he likes playing football. Neithernor 引导两个并列分句时，两个分句都要倒装。Neither does he like playing the piano, nor does he like playing football. Hardly( Scarcely /Barely)when和 No sooner than ，意义为“一就”。Hardly had he finished his work when he went out. No sooner had he finished his work than he went out . Not until 从句或短语在句首时，后面主句用部分倒装结构，而从句不倒装。Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.2) “So + 形容词/副词+ that ”和“Such +名词+ that”句型，意为“如此以至于”.当So + 形容词/副词, Such +名词位于句首时，主句部分倒装，但从句不倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.3）当副词only+状语置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 (注意：only +主语，则不用倒装)Only then did I realize the importance of study. （ Only he knows it .）4）so /neither/nor+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语 “也是如此/也不这样”。 They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.注意：so + 主语+ 谓语 “的确如此” It is hot today . -So it is. 的确如此。5）as 引导的让步状语从句中，通常把从句中的表语，状语甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。Young as he is, he knows much. Try as he might, he failed again. Beggar as he is, he looks very proud. Hard as he worked , he didnt succeed . 注意：although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装；though 引导的可以倒装也可以不倒装。6)在虚拟条件句中,从句中有were, should 或had,可省略if, 把were, should 或had 置于句首。 Should it snow tomorrow, I would take photos. Were I you , I would study hard . Had he taken her advice , he would not have failed .7)在某些表示祝愿的句子里用部分倒装。 May God bless you ! May you succeed ! Practice:1. _the plane.A. Down flying B. Down was flying C. Down flew D. Flew down2. Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man3.She plays the piano very well. _. A. So every one of us does B. Every one of us does C. So does every one of us D. So do every one of us 4. Never _such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. A. are having seen B. had I seen C. I have seen D. have I seen 5. Not only _a promise, but also he kept it. A. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he make6. Not until he got off the bus _that he had got his wallet stolen.A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found7.Only in this way _progress in your English.A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to make8. _and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B.The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat9. -Where is your father? -Oh,_. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he10._in which they had came to the island. A. Nearby were two canoes B. Nearby two canoes were C. Were two canoes nearby D. Two canoes nearby were 11. The door opened and there _. A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered12. _ a letter for you. A. There are B. Is here C. Here is D. Is there 13. Was it not _ you arrived at his house _ you discovered that he was on holiday?A. when; that B. until; did C. until; that D. when; did14. Now and then _ up to see what happened.A. did he wake B. he wake C. he wakes D. he did wake15. She is not fond of cooking,_ I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither do I D. nor do16. Early in the morning _ the news _ the Chinese Team defeated the Japanese Team. A comes; what B. came; that C comes; that D came; what17. At the foot of the mountain_.A. lie a beautiful lake B. does a beautiful lake lieC. lies a beautiful lake D. do a beautiful lake lie18. At no time _ his personal interest first.A. should a communist place B. a communist should placeC. a communist place D. does a communist place19.On the wall _two large portraits. A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 20.No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun21.Look out! _A. The bus come there B. There comes the bus.C. Does the bus come? D. Comes the bus there.22.Little _about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared23. Not only _ polluted but _ crowded. A. was the city;were the streets B. the city was;were the streetsC. was the city;the streets were D. the city was;the streets were24._ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not25.So _ that no fish can live in it. A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow26. Not a single song _at yesterdays party.A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D she did sing 27.Hardly_ when it began to rain.A. had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive28.Mr. Smith promised to help me and_ the next day.A. neither he did B. so he did C. neither did he D. so did he29.Not until the bell rang_in.A. do they come B. came they C. did they come D. they came30. _ a big paper-making factory by the lake.A. There stands B. Does there stand C. Standing there is D. It is standing31. My wife is a teacher, and _. A. so am I B. so I am C. also I am D. too I am32. _, the boy knows a lot about computer.A. Though is he young B. As is he young C. Young as is he D. Young as he is 33. After that we have never seen her again, nor _ her.A. we have heard from B. have we heard from C. did we hear from D. we heard from34. Not until yesterday evening _ the party had been put off till next Saturday.A. I knew B. didnt I know C. did I know D. I didnt knowGrammar: 省略省略是英语的一种习惯用法。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法结构所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。一复合句中的省略1. 状语从句中的省略(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语部分的be动词可以省略。E.g. He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was)expected. Unless (it is) important, I wont attend the lecture.(2) 含有if的省略结构常见的有：if only, if ever, if so, if not等（if so, if not中so或not代替上文内容）E.g. Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected.Get up early tomorrow, if not (If you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.(3) 如果虚拟条件句中有助动词were, had, should,可省略连词if，并将were, had, should 移至句首构成部分倒装。E.g. Were I you, I wouldnt do it. =If I were you, I wouldnt do it.2. 定语从句的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom, 等可省略（注：whom和which紧跟在介词后时不能省略） E.g. The days (that) we spent together on the farm are unforgetful.(2)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句中若缺少方式状语时可用that或in which引导，或将that或in which省略。E.g. This is the best way (that) we should choose.3. 宾语从句中的省略(1)当连接词that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时常可省略that, 但当动词跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省。E.g. The organizer explained (that) the task was difficult and that the weather was bad.(2)在suggest, request, orde, advice等表示建议，命令，要求，坚持等的动词后面的宾语从句中,应用虚拟语气“should+do”,其中should可省略。(注意：以上动词对应的名词所跟的同位语从句或表语从句用法一致。)E.g. He suggested that we (should) go to see the film.二 不定式的省略 1. 有些动词后跟不定式作宾语时只保留不定式符号to, 省略了后面的动词，例如，这样的动词有：want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, prefer, mean等E.g. -Do you think you can pass the driving test?-I hope to/I expect to (pass the driving test)2. 如果不定式中含有be, have(完成时中的助动词)，have been时，通常要保留它们。 E.g. He is not a scientist now, but he hopes to be (a scientist) in future. E.g. They havent completed the project, but they ought to have (completed it).3.当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do的某种形式，则不定式中的to可省略。 E.g. All that he could do was (to) wait.4. 介词but, except前有实义动词do的任何形式时，后面的不定式省略to. E.g. She could do nothing but wait for another chance.三介词的省略 一些与动词，名词或形容词一起搭配的介词可省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth; be busy (in) doing sth; stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth E.g. What difficulty I had (in) finding your home.Exercise:1. -Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go to, mom?-_Wait till you are old enough, dear.A. Will you? B. Why not? C. I hope so. D. Im afraid not.2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_regularly, can improve our health. A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out3. Mary wanted to travel with her friends, but her friend told her_. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to4.Do you think we will have a long holiday next month? -_. A. I believe not B. I believe not so C. I dont believe it D. I dont believe5. He decided not to say anything at the meeting unless_. A. asking to B. to ask to C. asked to D. ask to6.-He hasnt turned up at the party so far. -Well, he_. A. should B. ought to C. ought to go D. ought to have7.Some of you may have finished unit one. _, you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so8.Every evening after dinner, if not_from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired9.If the weather is fine, well go. If_, _. A. not; not B. no; no C. not; no D. no; not10.Present at their wedding were about 300 guests, many more than_. A.expecting B. expected C. having expected D. having been expected11.We all know that, _, the situationg will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with12.“What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?”“_she was a woman.” A. / B. When C. That D. What13. - I wont do it any more. - _? A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to14. Although _ t