中学生应当如何应对欺凌行为一托福阅读机经背景.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料中学生应当如何应对欺凌行为一托福阅读机经背景 In her non-fiction best-sellers, Queen Bees & Wannabes, and Queen Bee Moms & Kingpin Dads, the educator explored the way adolescent girls relate to the world and how parents relate to their teenagers. 她撰写的非小说类畅销书 蜂后与跟屁虫和 蜂后妈与王者爸，探讨了青春期女孩适应世界的方法，以及父母如何和自己的青少年孩子相处。 Wiseman continues the conversation about teenage bullying in the form of a young adult novel, Boys, Girls and Other Hazardous Materials, which deals with best friends, high school, loyalty and doing the right thing. 现在，她又利用她的专长写了一部关于好友、高中、忠诚和规矩的小说。在小说女孩 、男孩和其它有害东西 中，怀斯曼继续谈到青少年欺凌问题。她解释了她这次把这个问题写成小说的原因。 Ironically I discovered, which many authors do, that you can really speak about the truth much more easily in fiction than you do in non-fiction, says Wiseman, explaining why she decided to write fiction this time around. I was also curious about how to share the stories that kids have told me for the last several years that Ive never been able to share in non-fiction because it would reveal who they were or where they come from. 怀斯曼说：“具有讽刺意味的是，我发现，写小说比写非小说更容易讲出实情，其他作者也有同样的发现。我很好奇如何分享过去几年孩子们告诉我的故事，这些故事我无法在非小说里分享，因为这么做会透露孩子们的身份和故事的出处。” The story opens as Charlie, 13, leaves middle school - and some bad experiences - behind her. Charlies friends bully another girl during a school trip and Charlie tries to stay out of it. 小说故事从13岁的查丽展开，查丽马上就要初中毕业了，但是留下很多不好的记忆。比如有一次，查丽的两个朋友在学校组织的旅行过程中欺负另外一个女孩子尼迪。查里努力不被卷入其中。 They get roomed together and Charlies two other friends start to become incredibly mean to Nidhi because they wanted to invite boys to the room and Nidhi says you know, No way. It gets really bad and Charlie does nothing, says Wiseman. Her neutral stance doesnt really look neutral. It looks like she is siding with the girls who were being mean and racist. 怀斯曼说：“她们被安排同住一个房间，查丽的两个朋友开始恶待、欺负尼迪，原因是她们希望邀请男孩子来这里，而尼迪坚决反对。当时的情况非常糟糕，查丽什么都没做。她的中立立场看上去一点都不中立，反而象是和那两个恶劣并有种族偏见的女孩子站在一边。” High school gives Charlie a chance to redeem herself. 高中给了查丽一个救赎自己的机会。 She meets Nidhi again, says Wiseman. But that actually is a way for her to truly reconcile and figure out and take responsibility for her behavior from before. 怀斯曼说：“她和尼迪又见面了。这实际上是她真实地与对方寻求和解得一个方式，并思考如何为自己过去的行为承担责任。” Although shes previously focused on girls, Wiseman notes that boys have never been strangers to bullying or being targeted by bullies. Thats a part of her novel as well. 尽管怀斯曼以往的作品侧重于少女，但她指出，男孩子对欺凌或被欺凌绝不陌生。这也是她这部小说的一部分。 On the first day of high school, Charlie meets Will, her former best friend, who had moved away. Now hes back, looking a lot cuter. And even though hes only in ninth grade, hes a member of the schools Varsity Lacrosse team, playing with older boys. When some of his teammates start bullying him, Charlie tries to get him to report it, but he refuses. Wiseman says thats not unusual. The fear of embarrassment and pressure from peers and even parents, often prevent boys from admitting theyre being bullied. 高中的第一天，查丽就遇见了过去的好友维尔。维尔搬走一段时间后又回到这个地方，而且看上去比过去更帅了。虽然他才上9年级，但已经是学校长棍球队的队员，可以和年纪大一点的男孩一起比赛。当有些队员开始欺负他时，查丽试图劝维尔举报这件事，但是被维尔拒绝了。怀斯曼指出，这种事情司空见惯。害怕难堪以及受到来自同龄人、甚至父母的压力，往往使男孩子不愿承认自己受到了欺负。 When you have a freshman who is really good at some kind of sport, lacrosse, soccer, football, whatever, the parents are just totally excited. But putting a 9th grade boy with a group of 11th, 12th grade boys has a lot of pressure, Im not only talking about athletic pressure, but also social pressure, says Wiseman. Thats a ripe situation for abusive power. But the 9th grade boys dont want to tell their parents. They wouldnt come forward and talk about it. Thats the other thing I wanted to talk about in this book. 她说：“如果高一男孩体育优秀，擅长曲棍球、橄榄球、足球或其它体育活动，父母会特别兴奋。但是，把一个9年级男孩和一群11年级、12年级的男孩子放在一起，会造成很大压力。我说的不仅仅是体育压力，还有社会压力，这种情况下最容易发生霸凌行为。9年级男孩不愿意告诉父母，也不愿意站出来说这种事。这是我在小说中谈论的另外一个问题。” Wills behavior, and Charlies reluctance to get involved when her friends were making fun of Nidhi, are two of many situations in Girls, Boys & Other Hazardous Materials, which reflect the reality about bullying. 怀斯曼认为，维尔的退缩行为，以及查丽在好友取笑尼迪时不愿意介入的态度，是众多欺凌情况中的两种，它反映了欺凌的现实。 I didnt want it to be too preachy, but bullying - if you take away that word, bullying - its really about the way that people are bigoted toward each other, discriminatory against each other, for the countries that they come from, the religion that they are, the color of their skin, says Wiseman. I wanted to talk about that in real ways. 怀斯曼说：“我不希望过于说教。暂且不谈欺凌这个字本身，欺负行为实际上说的是因为他人所来自的国家、信奉的宗教以及肤色而采取相互蔑视和歧视的方式。我希望通过真实的方式来谈论这个问题。” Wiseman believes that, although bullying is unfortunately often part of the high school and middle school experience, it can be stopped. One way to do that is to teach kids what she calls social competency. 怀斯曼指出，尽管欺凌往往成为孩子们高中和初中经历的一部分，但它是可以制止的。一个办法就是把她所说的“社会能力”教给孩子们。 We have children who are growing up who need to be taught how to handle when they are in a social situation that makes them uncomfortable, holding yourself accountable for what youve done to take advantage of someone else. I believe parents not only have to teach their kids their values, they have also to teach them how to speak and what to do when you see social injustice. And schools have to do this as well as parents, because if they dont, it literally does impact the academic performance of the kids. 怀斯曼说：“在孩子的成长过程中，我们需要教导他们在令他们不舒服的社会环境中如何处理问题，以及必须为自己欺负别人的行为承担责任。我认为，父母不仅要把他们的价值观灌输给孩子，还要告诉他们在遇到社会不公的情况时应该如何说话行事，学校也要这么做。因为如果他们不这么做，实际上就影响了孩子的学业表现。” Wiseman hopes young readers will find Girls, Boys & Other Hazardous Materials, interesting, funny and useful