江苏省镇江市高考英语短文阅读类训练（1）.doc

镇江市2014高考英语短文阅读类训练（1）及答案或解析“luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the american talk show host oprah winfrey. i ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it s probably worth listening to.her point is that blind luck is very rare. you may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. if you re a chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.a book by the uk psychologist richard wiseman, called the luck factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. it s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it s practical advice you can follow each day.wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. first he divided volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. he gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. on average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. why? on the second page of the newspaper, a command, “stop counting. there are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.its easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. they might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. people who are “lucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and dont go through the same routine every day.i first came to china in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. like many foreigners，my plan was to teach english for one year. seven years later, and still here, i ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. i did not dream these would have been possible. i ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. coincidence? after reading about professor wiseman s studies i think not.as wiseman advises, i usually trust my own judgment. your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but its important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.finally, try to turn bad luck into good. even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study english.语篇解读本文为议论文。作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。1which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer s point?a. make the best of a bad job.b. rome was not built in a day.c. all is not gold that glitters.d. a good heart conquers ill fortune.解析推理判断题。make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)”最为接近。故答案为a。rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成”；all is not gold that glitters意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；a good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运”。答案a2what do you know about oprah winfrey?a. she became famous through her family background.b. she was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.c. she is a british talk show host.d. she became successful by her own effort.解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的a self-made billionaire可知美国talk show主持人oprah winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成名的。答案d3the writer quoted the chinese tale of a farmer in order to show_.a. luck is in your own handb. bad luck can turn into goodc. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to youd. man can conquer nature解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。答案c4from the experiment wiseman drew the conclusion that_.a. lucky people are quick-mindedb. unlucky people are slow to readc. lucky people often have an open mindd. unlucky people are more creative解析细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，wiseman通过试验得出结论：“幸运的人”具有开放的心态，做事不墨守成规。答案c5the underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“_”a. recognize b. markc. locate d. receive解析词义猜测题。根据上文语境及the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message可知spot在句中用作及物动词，是“发现，识别”之意。答案a长难句解读you may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you.but前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中不定式短语to find a good job用作结果状语。第二个分句含有一个宾语从句，现在分词短语waiting for the opportunity to come to you作伴随状语。*结束完形填空典型例题 coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago, i was filled with excitement of having the weekend off. but 1 was 1 into stillness by what i saw. mother, seated at the far end of the sofa, 2 , with the second-hand green typewriter on tile table. she told me that she couldnt type fast and then she was out of work. my shock and embarrassment (尴尬)at finding mother in tears was a perfect proof of how 3 understood the pressures on her. sitting beside her on the sofa, i began very 4 to understand. i guess we all have to 5 sometime, mother said quietly. i could 6_ her pain ami iht, tension (压力)of 7 tilt strong feelings that were in terrupted by my arrival. suddenly, something inside mt 8 i reached out and put my arms around her. she i)roke then. silt lint her face 9 ray shotulder and sobbed. i held her 10 and didnt try to talk. i knew i was doing what i 11 ,what could anti that it was enough. in that moment, letling mothers 12 with feelings, i tmderst(x)(i for the first tinte her being so easy to 13 . she was still my moth er, 14 she was something 15 a person like me, capal)le of fear and 16 and failure. i could feel her pain as she must have feh nfine on a thousand occasions (场合)when i sought 17 in her arms.a week later mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radiostation 18 . its a job 1 can do, though. she said simply. but the evening practice on the old green typewriter continued. 1 had a very 19 feeling now when i passed her door at night and heard her 20 away across the paper. i knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type. 1. a. tired b. ashamed c. lazy d. shocked 答案：d 指导：看到母亲伤心的样子，作者感到“震惊”，后面有提示。2. a. crying b. smiling c. thinking d. whispering 答案：a 指导：由后文得知，母亲在“哭”，intears可作为信息提示。3. a. eagerly b. worriedly c. litth, d. nmch 答案：c 指导：由前文的“震惊”和“尴尬”可知，作者对母亲承受的压力所知甚少。“急切地”“担心地”都不适合与动词“理解”搭配；much表达的意义正好相反.4. a. quickly b. slowly c. suddenly d. proudly 答案：b 指导：因为作者对母亲承受的压力所知甚少，所以此处应是“慢慢地”明白母亲的处境。quickly陕速地”表示动作迅速；suddenly说明动作、情况等出乎意料；proudly自豪地”显然不合题意。5. a. fail b. win c. fall sick d. give in 答案：a 指导：这是母亲自我安慰的话：人人都会失败。理解了文章母亲因为事业而伤心，而此处在自我安慰，就会排除“成功“病倒”“屈服”。6. a. learn b. watch c. sense d. recognize c 指导：此处强调作者的“感觉”，sense用作动词，当“感觉到”讲。learn获悉、获知”；watch注视”；recognize辨认，分辨”都不合题意。7. a. holding back b. putting away c. sitting up d. stopping from 答案：a 指导：看到作者来到，母亲“忍住”悲伤，holdback阻止”“忍住”，符合题意。put away收起来，放起来，储存”，不合题意。8. a. lit up b. came true c. turned d. increased答案：c 指导：此处指我内心的某种感情发生了“转变”，故用turn1ightup照亮”；cometrue梦想等实现”；increase数量等增加”都不合题意。9. a. to b. up c. through d. against 答案：d 指导：介词against当“依靠”讲，此处指母亲把头靠在我的肩膀上。10. a. tightly b. thoughtfullyc. carefully d. politely 答案：a 指导：作者“紧紧地”抱住母亲，以示对她的安慰。此处仅仅说明动作，“体贴到”“细心地有礼貌地”修饰“拥抱”都不恰当。11. a. should b. would c. could d. might 答案：a 指导：此处表示作者意识到母亲作为一个平常人的脆弱，“应该”给她以安慰。其他情态动词不合题意。12. a. hand b. face c. hair d. back 答案：d 指导：此处作者满怀感情地“抚摩”母亲的背，也是对母亲的理解和安慰。由作者前面“拥抱着”母亲可排除其他选项。13. a. content b. break c. fall d. understand 答案：b 指导：看到母亲如此伤心，作者体会到母亲原来也是这么容易“沮丧、崩溃”。break当“沮丧、崩溃”讲。content “满意的”，fall摔倒”，都不合题意。14. a. therefore b. however c. yet d. though 答案：c 指导：yet用作副词，表转折，意为“然而”。therefore所以though当副词用时，也可以当“然而”讲，但往往用于句末，且前面用逗号隔开；however表转折时，往往需要逗号把前后文隔开。15. a. more b. much c. little d. huge 答案：a 指导：作者认识到自己的母亲不仅仅是“母亲”，还是一个平常人，more另外的”，符合题意。此处具有比较意义，故排除其他选项。16. a. wound b. defeat c. cut d. hurt 答案：d 指导：hurt与前面的fear和后面的failure构成并列关系，此处指“内心感情”的伤害，故用hurtwound多指对身体的伤害；defeat打败”，不符合语境。17. a. kindness b. memory c. comfort d. support 答案：c 指导：一般情况下，孩子应在母亲那儿寻求“安慰”，而此时作者认识到，母亲也需要子女的安慰。由语境可排除其他选项，母亲伤心时需要的是“安慰”，而不是别人的“善良”和“支持”。18. a. supplied b. offeredc. paid d. contributed 答案：b 指导：offer当“提供”讲。此处指母亲拿电台出的一半的工资卖东西。supply，pay，contribute都不能直接与前面的salary搭配。19. a. different b. hard c. pleasant d. serious 答案：a 指导：有了以上对母亲的了解，作者因此对母亲有了“不同”的感情。此处说明作者内心情感的变化，因此不用“困难的”“愉快的”和“严肃的”。20. a. hitting b. tapping c. beating d. striking 答案：b 指导：tap意为“轻敲”，此处指打字，因此不用其他几个动词。由特定的语境可排除其他选项：hit击打”；beat连续地“敲打；击打”；strike打击”。*结束vans, keds, dolliesthey sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, youll know theyre actually the latest in teenage footwear. but experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future. here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers shoe choice. keds/vansslip-on shoes with elastic (弹性的）sides are particularly popular among teenage boys - with keds and vans the most sought-after brands. the main problem is that they are just too flatso flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.ballet pumpsthe worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. the problem is partly their flatness, as with keds and vans. however ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems. “as the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait（步法）, this leads to short- and long-term problems such as calluses（茧子）, heel and knee pain.” wedges and stilettosthese shoes can also cause problems with gait. they may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearers body weight forward, making them very unstable.teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain. school shoesso what do podiatrists（足科医生）have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear? something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as clarks, marks & spencer or rhino. if your teen insists on wearing bad shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器) in the shoes. these support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage. 61. of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems? a. marks & spencer. b. wedges & stilettos. c. keds and vans. d. ballet pumps.62. which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists wish list? a. b. c. d.63. the underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _.a. increase b. worsen c. stop d. cure64. from this passage we can infer _. a. trendy shoes may ruin teenagers healthb. fashionable shoes all have orthotics in them c. experts are strongly against wearing popular shoes d. podiatrists are expert at producing branded shoes65. in which column of mail online can you find this passage? a. sports. b. science. c. health. d. shopping.参考答案、6165 dbcac*结束高考链接. 201*陕西卷 when i first got an email account ten years ago, i received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. now it seems that every time i check my e-mail ,i have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. if we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime. this problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. companies rely on e-mail on e-mail for their comployees to communicate with each other. spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repay their networks. these computer problems raise production costs of companies ,which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer. for these reasons, i believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. e-mail is a tool which helps peop