Theuseof“it”.doc

The use of “it”1. It is Friday today. （ date ）2. It was very cold last Monday. （weather）3. It is about 8:30 now. （ time ）4. It is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi. （ distance ）5. It lies in the south of Shaoguan city. （ place ）6. It is 40C ! You got a high fever! （ temperature ）7. Its spring now. (season )8. Its quiet here. ( Circumstance)一、Conclusion: it 可以用作非人称代词, 表示 日期, 天气 , 时间 , 距离, 地点, 温度等二、 用作人称代词, 代表前面提到的人或事物 Whos it ? Its me. Look at the picture. It is a picture of our school.3、 用于代替指示代词this 和that。 -Is this jacket yours? -Yes, it is. it 常用句型大归纳1. It is + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。把这种句型结构划掉后，留下的应该是一个完整的句子，这是判断该句是强调句型还是其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. When is it that we shall meet?2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 直到才该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It is clear (obvious,evident, true, possible,probable, likely,certain，amazing,ridiculous.) that . 是清楚（显然，确切，可能，肯定，令人惊愕,荒谬）的该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的从句，是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.= That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.Is it possible that he will become the chairman of our country?It is amazing that at his age he still looks like a young man!4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural，essential, vital.) that .该句型和3属一个句型。that 后的从句中常用虚拟语气should + 动词原形（should 可省去）。It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/considered/known/told/hoped.) that . 据说（据报道，据悉，认为，众所周知，据告知，人们希望）该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。It is said that he has come to Beijing.= He is said to have come to Beijing . It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.6. It is suggested ( ordered . ) that . 据建议；有命令该句型同属上5 。主句中的过去分词表示要求，建议，命令等意，that后的从句要用虚拟语气should + 动词原形（should 可省去）。It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ,strange , a surprise,surprising. ) that . 竟然该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气should + 动词原形（should可省去）,表示出乎意料。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that . 是（正是）的时侯了该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 是第一（二）次该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果主句是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果主句是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.It / This was the first time that I had written with passion . 10. It is . since .该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. / It was five years since he had died .11. It is . when . 当的时候，是该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。It was 5 oclock when he came here. 12. It be . before . 才；就该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。It was quite a long time before he realized his mistake. It will not be long before he finishes his job. 13. It ( so )happens /happened that. 碰巧 It occurs / occurred to sb. that . 某人突然想到. How does it come about that .? = How come (that) .? .是怎样发生的？.是怎麽回事？该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen /occur / come about 是不及物动词 It ( so) happened that he met his teacher in the street. It occurred to me that I had met him somewhere before . How does it come about that you just sat there doing nothing ?14. It takes sb. . to do sth. 做要花费某人该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.It takes three generations (代) to make a gentleman. 十年树木, 百年树人。15. It is no use/good doing sth做没有用/没有好处 Its (well) worth doing 做.是值得的 Its (well) worth ones while doing/to do Its (well) worth while doing/ to do该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use ),worth , worthwhile ,等 It is fun doing sth 做很有趣 It is no use crying over spilt (溢出的) milk. 覆水难收。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 16. It doesnt matter whether . 不论（是否）没关系该句型中whether 引导的从句是真正主语。 It doesnt matter whether they are old ( or not ). 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.该句型同上。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示事情的重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party= That she (should) come to the party is important. 19. It looks ( seems) as if / as though . 看起来好象It seems( looks, appears ) that. 看来；似乎.该句型中it无意义。 as if /that引导一个表语从句。as if从句中的内容如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）/ It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. / It seems that he will be back in a few days. 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 做形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it no use learning English without speaking English. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.21. 其它常用 it 作形式宾语代替that / when / if 引导的从句的句型: 1) . depend on / rely on / count on it that . eg. You can depend on it that he will come . 2). see to it that . eg. We must see to it that everyone is well taken care of . 3). take it for granted that . eg. He took it for granted that we would help him . 4). owe it to sb. that . eg. He owed it to his parents that he had made so many achievements. 5). like / love / / hate / dislike it when . 6) . appreciate it if. eg. Ill appreciate it if you help me . eg. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full . “it” 常用的固定搭配1. make it1）在口语当中相当于succeed, 表示: 成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 如: Its hard to make it to the top in show business.2) 在口语中相当于fix the date for, 表示“约定好时间” 如: Shall we meet next week?OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. take it/things easy 相当于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用来劝告别人, 表示“不要慌, 别担心, 沉住气”Take it easy！He will do it well.3. It (all )depends/that (all) depends 在口语中, 相当于it hasnt been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况, 还没有定下来”Are you going to the countryside for holiday?It/That all depends.4. Its up to sb. 在口语中, 相当于its decided by sb. 表示“由决定, 由负责, 取决于” Shall we go out for dinner？ Its up to you . 高考单选题中的“it”1. In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001上海) A. this B. that C. there D. it 2. The parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (2001全国) A. they B. it C. one D. which 3. He was nearly drowned once. When was _? _ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. (2002京蒙皖春招)A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This 4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.(2002全国) A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 5. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _?(2004上海) A. isnt it B. is it? C. isnt he D. is he 6. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 7. Do you like _ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004全国II) A. this B. these C. that D. it 8. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004全国I) A. this B. that C. it D. one 9. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. (2005安徽)A. when B. that C. before D. since 10. It was some time _ we realized the truth. (2005山东)A. when B. until C. since D. before11. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （2006浙江） A. As B. That C. This D. It 12. If I can help _ , I dont like working late into the night. (2006全国I) A. so B. that C. it D. them 1-5. DBACA 6-10 DDCDD 11-12 DC1. My bike is missing. I cant find _ anywhere. A. one B. ones C. it D. that 2. - Whos that? - _ Professor Li. A. Thats B. Its C. Hes D. Thiss 3. _ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning. A. It B. He C. She D. That 4. - Have you ever seen a whale alive? - Yes, Ive seen _. A. that B. it C. such D. one 5. The color of my coat is different from _ of yours. A. this B. that C. it D. one 6. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. You 7. We think _ our duty to pay taxes to our government. A. that B. this C. its D. it 8. The climate of Shanghai is better than _ of Nanjing. A. that B. it C. which D. what 9. _ four years since I joined the Army. A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is 10. How long _ to finish the work