状语从句(简单).ppt

状语从句,Whatare“AdverbialClauses”?,在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫做“状语从句”。分类如下：,状语从句,1.时间状语从句,2.地点状语从句,3.原因状语从句,4.条件状语从句,5.让步状语从句,6.目的状语从句,7.结果状语从句,8.方式状语从句,9.比较状语从句,1)常用连词如下：as,when,while,till/until,notuntil,before,since,after等。,1.时间状语从句,while,when,as辨析,While：引导的时间状语从句只指一段时间，强调某一段时间内，主从句动作同时发生。从句动词常是延续性的When：既可以指一个时间点,也可以是一段时间，可表示主从句的动作同时或先后发生。从句动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。As：强调主句从句动作相并发生,译为”一边一边”或“随着”,1._hereturned,hiswifewascooking.2._hewasreading,hiswifewascooking.3.Wetalkedhappily_wewalkedalong.4._timegoesby,itsgettingcolder.,When,While,as,As,当主句是非持续性动词，从句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，when,while,as可互相替换_wewerestill，theteachercamein.,While/when/As,laughing,另外,when/while还作并列连词,连接并列分句,while表示“而,可是”如:Ilikereading_mywifeenjoyswatchingTV.when表示突然性“就在这时”在下列结构中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。1.beabouttodowhen2.bedoingwhen3.beonthepointofdoingwhen4.haddonewhen,while,._(我们正要开始就在这时start)itbegantorain.2._momcamein.3.Ihadjustgothome_(就开始下雨）,1.Wewereabouttostartwhen,我正在玩电脑游戏就在这时妈妈进来了。,Iwasplayingcomputergameswhen,whenitbegantorain,till只能用于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。e.g.Iwillbeheretill/untilhecomesback.IwontknowwhereheisuntilIgetaletterfromhim.,until/till区别,“延续的动词（肯定式）+until”表示“直到为止”1.我一直睡到闹钟响为止._.“非延续性动词（否定式）+until”表示“直到才”2.直到他完成工作才上床睡_,Isleptuntiltheclockalarmed,Hedidntgotobeduntilhefinishedhiswork.,注意:notuntil在句首时要倒装,Notuntilhesawithimself_（他才相信）,didhebelieveit.,Its/willbe+一段时间before+一般现在时表示过了多久才Its/will（not)be+一段时间before+一般现在时表示没过多久就itsbeen+一段时间since+一般过去时,before/since用法,Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.ItwillnotbealongtimebeforetheChinabecomeadevelopedcountry.It20yearssincewefirsteachother.,saw,hasbeen,2)一些表示时间的名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。如：themoment/theminute/thesecond（一就）nexttime（下次）,every/eachtime（每次）firsttime，bythetime(到时候)Themomenthecomes,Iwilltellhim.BythetimeIgraduatefromthisschool,Iwillhavebeenhereforthreeyears.Besuretocallmenexttimeyoucomehere.EverytimeIcaughtacoldIhadpaininmyhead.,3)assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly等副词也可引导；表示“一就”。AssoonasIreachhome,Iwilltellhimthenews.Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5,4)一些固定搭配也可引导时间状语从句a.hardlywhenb.scarcelywhen/beforec.nosoonerthan都表示一就，用以引导时间状语从句。注意：当hardly,scarcely及nosooner位于句首时,从句中的主谓要倒装。e.g.Nosoonerhadshegonethanithappened,1.IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoice_Ipickedupthephone.whileB.afterC.IncaseD.theminute2.Howlongdoyouthinkitwilltake_ourproductbecomespopularwiththeconsumers?whenB.untilC.beforeD.since,Exercises,3._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.WithB.sinceC.AsD.While4.Hewashalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.whyB.whereC.whenD.while5.Hardly_intothevillage_itbegantorain.wehadgot;whenB.wegot;thanC.hadwegot;whenD.didweget;than,2.地点状语从句,地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。,e.g.a.Juststaywhereyouare.b.Youcansitwhereveryoulike.,注意：不要混同于where引导的定语从句,与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前有一个表示地点的名词Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.（_）Gobacktothecitywhereyoucamefrom.（_）,状语从句,定语从句,1.Pleaseputthebook_(我能容易找到的地方find)2.Pleaseputthemedicine_(你的小孩够不着的地方reach)3.Pleaseputtheshoes_(原来的地方be),whereIcanfinditeasily,whereyourchildcantreachit,whereitwas,3.原因状语从句,原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句常用的连接词是：because,since,as,for,nowthat等。,24,可编辑,1)because语气最强，用来回答why提问，可用在强调句型中。_（是因为他生病）hedidntgowithus.2)since语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放于主句之前）_,letscarryouttheplan.（既然没人反对),Sincenooneisagainstit,Itwasbecausehewasillthat,3)as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）Wearstrongshoes_weshalldoalotofwalkingtoday.4)for也可以表示原因，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推倒，用于表示补充说明理由。Hemustbeill,_heisabsenttoday.5)nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，nowthat放于句首时，that可省略。_everybodyishere,letsbegin.,as,for,Now(that),4.条件状语从句1)if,unless(=ifnot),so/aslongas(只要),incase,onconditionthat,once(一旦）2)suppose/supposing/(假设，如果),providing/provided/assuming/given/saythat(如果）1.Youmayusetheroom_youcleanitupafterwards.(只要long）2.Iwilldoit_（只要你帮助我condition)3.Youllbelateagain_.(除非你饿了hungry),aslongas,onconditionthatyouhelpme.,unlessyouarehungry,3)“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise”引导的结果句，祈使句在实际意义上相当于条件状语从句。Useyouhead,_(那么你就会找到一个办法）Getupnow,_（否则你会迟到的）.,andyouwillfindaway,oryouwillbelate,1.Wewillbeabletogetthereontime,_ourcardoesntbreakdownontheroad.assoonasB.asfarasC.aslongasD.aswellas2.Intimeofseriousaccidents,_weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless,5.让步状语从句,在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：though,although,evenif,eventhough,while,nomatterwho/,however，as，whetheror(无论还是)等。,1.AlthoughIacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.2.Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,eveniftheyaredifferentfromyours.3.Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,howeverdifficultitis.4.Theoldtowermustbesaved,whateverthecostis.,Nomatterwh-与wh_ever的区别Nomatterwh_只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh_ever通用_,heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.Wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，而nomatterwh_不能_willbewelcome.=_willbewelcome,Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,Whoevercanhelpus,Anyonewhocanhelpus,whetheror无论还是,itistrue.,yourideadeservesconsideration.,Whetheryoubelieveitornot,Whetherrightorwrong,as要倒装，句型为：形容词/副词/名词（不带冠词）/动词（原形）+主语+谓语_heknowsalot(尽管他很年轻young）._(尽管我喜欢它like）,Icantaffordit._（尽管他是个农民farmer),heiswell-educated._,Icouldntliftthestone.（尽管我试了try),Youngasheis,MuchasIIikeit,Farmerasheis,TryasImight,while,while引导的让步状语从句：while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：Whileyoumayberight,Icantaltogetheragree.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idontagreethattheycannotbesolved,_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.WhileB.sinceC.BeforeD.Unless2.Theworkersaredeterminedtogothroughwiththeirrailwayproject,_theexpenseshaverisen.aslongasB.eventhoughC.nowthatD.asthough,3._,heknowsmorethanotherchildrenofhisage.A.HoweveryoungchildheisB.ChildasheisC.NomatterhowyoungchildisD.Whatayoungchildheis4.Ireallywantthematch,howevermuch_.A.doesitcostB.costsitC.willitcostD.itcosts,5._wehavefinishedthecourse,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.FornowB.NowthatC.BynowD.until,6.目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的连词:,inorderthat,用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。,sothat,a.较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so有时可省;从句中要有情态动词，否则,就成为下一种句型：,b.无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。,forfearthat;incase;lest(以免)等。,Illspeakslowly（以便）everybodycanunderstandme.Hewrotethenamedown（唯恐，以免）hewouldforget.,sothat,forfearthat(incase),7.结果状语从句,结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由so,sothat,suchthat;sothat等引导。,e.g.a.SoquicklydidherunthatIcouldntcatchupwithhim.b.Thebusbrokedownsothatwehadtowalkhome.c.Hegottothestationfin