latex常用函数.doc

函数、符号及特殊字符声调语法效果语法效果语法效果barxacuteetacheckalphagraveetabreveaddotydotxhatalphatildeiota函数语法效果语法效果语法效果sinthetacosthetatanthetaarcsinfracLrarccosfracTrarctanfracLTsinh gcosh htanh ioperatornameshjoperatornameargshkoperatornamechhoperatornameargchloperatornamethioperatornameargthmk(x)=lim_Delta xto 0frack(x)-k(x-Delta x)Deltaxlimsup Sliminf Imax Hmin Linf ssup texp!tln Xlg Xlog Xlog_alpha Xker xdeg xgcd(T,U,V,W,X)Pr xdet xhom xarg xdim xlim_tto nT同余语法效果语法效果pmodma bmod b微分语法效果语法效果语法效果nablapartial xmathrmdxdot xddot y集合语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果forallexistsemptyemptysetvarnothinginninotinnotinsubsetsubseteqsupsetsupseteqcapbigcapcupbigcupbiguplussqsubsetsqsubseteqsqsupsetsqsupseteqsqcapsqcupbigsqcup逻辑语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果plandwedgebigwedgebarq to plorveebigveelnotneg qsetminussmallsetminus根号语法效果语法效果sqrt3sqrtn3关系符号语法效果Delta ABCsimDelta XYZsqrt3approx1.732050808ldotssimeqcongdot=ggggggegeqq=leqleqqlllll(x-y)2equiv(-x+y)2equiv x2-2xy+y2beginalignbecausebegincasesacuteax2+bx2+cgtrless0gtrlessgraveax2+bx2+cacutea0graveaendcasesthereforefrac-bpmsqrtb2-4acuteac2acutea_lessgtrgtrlessx_lessgtrgtrlessfrac-bpmsqrtb2-4graveac2graveaendalignxnotequiv Nxne Axneq Ctpropto vpmmp几何符号特征语法效果菱形Diamond正方形Box三角形DeltaDelta图型triangle角名angleAlphaBetaGamma角度sin!fracpi3=sin60operatornameomicron=fracsqrt32垂直perp箭头符号语法效果语法效果语法效果leftarrowgetsrightarrowtoleftrightarrowlongleftarrowlongrightarrowmapstolongmapstohookrightarrowhookleftarrownearrowsearrowswarrownwarrowuparrowdownarrowupdownarrow语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果rightharpoonuprightharpoondownleftharpoonupleftharpoondownupharpoonleftupharpoonrightdownharpoonleftdownharpoonright语法效果语法效果语法效果LeftarrowRightarrowLeftrightarrowLongleftarrowLongrightarrowLongleftrightarrow (or iff)UparrowDownarrowUpdownarrow特殊符号语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果ethSP%daggerddaggerstar*ldotssmilefrownwr语法效果语法效果语法效果oplusbigoplusotimesbigotimestimescdotdivcircbulletbigodotboxtimesboxplus语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果trianglelefttrianglerightinftybottopvdashvDashVdashmodelslVertrVert语法效果语法效果语法效果imathhbarellmhoFinvReImwpcomplement语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果diamondsuitheartsuitclubsuitspadesuitGameflatnaturalsharp上标、下标及积分等功能语法效果上标a2下标a_2组合a2+2a_i,j结合上下标x_23前置上下标_12!X_34导数（HTML）x导数（PNG）xprime导数（错误）xprime导数点dotxddoty向量veccoverleftarrowa boverrightarrowc dwidehate f g上弧(注: 正确应该用 overarc, 但在这里行不通。要用建议的语法作为解决办法)oversetfrown AB上划线overlineh i j下划线underlinek l m上括号overbrace1+2+cdots+100beginmatrix 5050 overbrace 1+2+cdots+100 endmatrix下括号underbracea+b+cdots+zbeginmatrix underbrace a+b+cdots+z 26endmatrix求和sum_k=1N k2beginmatrix sum_k=1N k2 endmatrix求积prod_i=1N x_ibeginmatrix prod_i=1N x_i endmatrix上积coprod_i=1N x_ibeginmatrix coprod_i=1N x_iendmatrix极限lim_n to inftyx_nbeginmatrix lim_n to inftyx_nendmatrix积分int_-NN ex, dxbeginmatrix int_-NN ex, dxendmatrix双重积分iint_DW , dx,dy三重积分iiint_EV , dx,dy,dz四重积分iiiint_FU , dx,dy,dz,dt闭合的曲线、曲面积分oint_C x3, dx + 4y2, dy交集bigcap_1n p并集bigcup_1k p分数、矩阵和多行列式功能语法效果分数frac24=0.5小型分数tfrac24 = 0.5大型分数（嵌套）cfrac2c + cfrac2d + cfrac24 =a大型分数（不嵌套）dfrac24 = 0.5 qquad dfrac2c + dfrac2d +dfrac24 = a二项式系数dbinomnr=binomnn-r=Cn_r=Cn_n-r小型二项式系数tbinomnr=tbinomnn-r=Cn_r=Cn_n-r大型二项式系数binomnr=dbinomnn-r=Cn_r=Cn_n-r矩阵beginmatrixx y z vendmatrixbeginvmatrixx y z vendvmatrixbeginVmatrixx y z vendVmatrixbeginbmatrix0 cdots 0 vdots ddots vdots 0 cdots 0endbmatrixbeginBmatrixx y z vendBmatrixbeginpmatrixx y z vendpmatrixbigl( beginsmallmatrixab cdendsmallmatrix bigr)条件定义f(n) =begincases n/2, mboxif nmbox is even 3n+1, mboxif nmbox is oddendcases多行等式beginalignf(x) = (m+n)2 = m2+2mn+n2 endalignbeginalignat2f(x) = (m-n)2 f(x) = (-m+n)2 = m2-2mn+n2 endalignat多行等式（左对齐）beginarraylclz = a f(x,y,z) = x + y + z endarray多行等式（右对齐）beginarraylcrz = a f(x,y,z) = x + y + z endarray长公式换行mathf(x) ,!/mathmath= sum_n=0infty a_n xn /mathmath= a_0+a_1x+a_2x2+cdots/math方程组begincases3x + 5y + z 7x - 2y + 4z -6x + 3y + 2zendcases数组beginarray|c|c|c| a b S hline001011101110endarray字体希腊字母斜体小写希腊字母一般用于在方程中显示变量。正体希腊字母特征语法效果注释/外部链接大写字母Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta EtaThetaIota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Xi Omicron PiRho Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi PsiOmega小写字母alpha beta gamma delta epsilon zeta etathetaiota kappavarkappa lambda mu nu xi omicronpirho sigma tau upsilon phi chi psiomega异体字母EpsilonepsilonvarepsilonThetathetavarthetaKappakappavarkappaPipivarpiRhorhovarrhoSigmasigmavarsigmaPhiphivarphi已停用字母digamma1粗体希腊字母特征语法效果大写字母boldsymbolAlpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon ZetaEta ThetaboldsymbolIota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Xi OmicronPiboldsymbolRho Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi PsiOmega小写字母boldsymbolalpha beta gamma delta epsilon zetaeta thetaboldsymboliota kappa lambda mu nu xi omicronpiboldsymbolrho sigma tau upsilon phi chi psiomega异体字母boldsymbolEpsilonepsilonvarepsilonboldsymbolThetathetavarthetaboldsymbolKappakappavarkappaboldsymbolPipivarpiboldsymbolRhorhovarrhoboldsymbolSigmasigmavarsigmaboldsymbolPhiphivarphi已停用字母boldsymboldigamma黑板粗体语法mathbbABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ效果黑板粗体（Blackboardbold）一般用于表示数学和物理学中的向量或集合的符号。 备注：1. 花括号中只有使用大写拉丁字母才能正常显示，使用小写字母或数字会得到其他符号。正粗体语法mathbf012abcABC效果备注花括号内只能使用拉丁字母和数字，不能使用希腊字母如alpha等。斜粗体语法boldsymbol012abcABCalpha betagamma效果备注使用boldsymbol可以加粗所有合法的符号。斜体数字语法mathit0123456789效果罗马体语法mathrm012abcABC或mbox或operatorname效果备注罗马体可以使用数字和拉丁字母。哥特体语法mathfrak012abcABC效果备注哥特体可以使用数字和拉丁字母。手写体语法mathcalABC效果备注手写体仅对大写拉丁字母有效。希伯来字母语法alephbethgimeldaleth效果括号功能语法显示不好看( frac12 )好看了left( frac12 right)您可以使用left和right来显示不同的括号：功能语法显示圆括号，小括号left(fracab right)方括号，中括号leftfracab right花括号，大括号leftfracab right角括号leftlanglefracab rightrangle单竖线，绝对值left|fracab right|双竖线，范left|fracab right|取整函数（Floor function）leftlfloorfracab rightrfloor取顶函数（Ceiling function)leftlceilfraccd rightrceil斜线与反斜线left/fracab rightbackslash上下箭头leftuparrowf