（通用版）2020版高考英语大一轮复习4Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars知能演练轻松闯关（含解析）.docx

Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 阅读理解A(2019福州毕业班适应性练习)No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Change 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission. Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.US.A.In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。1What will China do in its next space mission?AImprove its Jade Rabbit rover.BWork with other countries.CLand Change 4 on the Moon.DExplore the south pole of the Moon.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月，故C项正确。2Why did India try to carry out its followon mission alone?AIt couldnt find a partner.BIt didnt get the lander as planned.CThe Russians refused to work with India.DIt planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，因此印度决定自己实施登月计划，故B项正确。3Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?ARussia.BChina.CIndia. DU.S.A.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。4What can we know from the text?ARussia has built a human outpost on the Moon.BChina will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.CU.S.A. will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.DHumans have kept active in exploring the Moon since 1972.C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，如果一切顺利，美国将于2023年发送载人太空舱登月。据此可知，美国将在未来实施载人登月计划，故C项正确。B(2019辽宁大连双基测试)For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare.Even for those with a happy family life, home can sometimes feel more taxing than work.In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮质醇) released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home.This was true for both men and women, and parents and people without children.Both men and women showed less stress at work.But women were more likely to report feeling happier there.Men were more likely to feel happier at home.Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many.“Paid work is more valued in society，”says Sarah Damaske, the lead researcher on the study.“Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.”We get better at our job with time and the increased competence means less stress and more rewards.Yet none of us, no matter how long weve been doing it, ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.The support and friendship of coworkers also offer stress relief.At home, meanwhile, stress spreads and accumulates quickly.“Thats the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners，” Dr.Damaske says.Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to leave work stress at the office and even to change our mindset from work to home, for example, a walk around the block.The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究， 该研究表明越来越多的人认为上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。5Which of the following can replace the underlined word “taxing”？AStressful.BCheerful.CWorthwhile. DRewarding.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知， 很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比， 工作像野餐一样。言外之意， 上班比在家轻松， 在家比上班更有压力。故选A。6What did the research in the second paragraph prove?AMen felt better at home.BWomen felt they had less time.CWomen were easier to feel happier.DMost people felt more stress at home.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知， 研究发现：比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候， 面对压力， 他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。 这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。故选D。7What do most people think of work at the office?AIt is competitive.BIt improves ability.CIt cant relieve stress.DIt doesnt always pay off.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“We get better at our job with time and the increased competence.rewards.”可知， 随着时间的推移， 大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。故选B。8According to the recent findings, what should we change to solve the problem mentioned?AOur attitude.BOur mindset.COur home life.DOur working style.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.”可知， 我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。故选C。 七选五(2019长沙联考)Its easy to talk yourself out of exercising. Even when you have the best intentions to work out, excuses are so easy to find“Im too tired” or “Im busy” or “The weather is bad”. Dont worry! 1._Take baby steps. You would never try to run 10 miles on one day, right? When you do too much too soon, youll end up injured and discouraged. Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first week. 2._Show the clock who is boss. Health experts say you should aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise a week, plus weight training at least twice a week. If you work too late to get to a gym, keep a set of weights at home. If you cant do 30 minutes at once, break it up into 10or 15minute sections.3._ Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast. When its part of your routine, you wont even have to think about it. In a few months, fitness can be regular in your day.Keep it real. Youre not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week. 4._For example, increase your workout schedule from 2 to 3 days a week, or exercise for 15 more minutes each time.Celebrate! 5._Therefore, even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself. Go out with friends, or buy a new pair of jeans.AGet used to it.BDo it for yourself.CIt takes weeks to see real changes.DKeep a fitness journal to record your progress.EAim for something thats realistic as a first step.FThe following tricks can keep your fitness routine on track.GWhen it becomes easy for you, you can make it more challenging.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了能使自己坚持锻炼的几条建议。1F解析：根据空前的不去运动的借口以及下文的建议可知，空处在文中起到了承上启下的过渡作用，所以选F项。2G解析：根据本段的主题句“Take baby steps.”及上文的“Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first week.”可推知，你可以循序渐进，逐步挑战更大强度的锻炼，所以选G项。3A解析：根据空后的“Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast.”可推知，要养成锻炼的习惯，并自觉去做，所以选A项。4E解析：根据空前的“Keep it real. Youre not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week.”可知，锻炼的目标要现实可行，所以选E项。5C解析：根据空后的“Therefore，even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself.”可推知，锻炼的效果并不会立竿见影，只要有效就值得庆贺，所以选C项。 短文改错(2019山师大附中模拟)Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transporta