oralPPT(主讲人：王滢).ppt

Speech Sounds,主讲人： 王 滢 大学外语教育学院,Contents,Consonants and vowels Special phenomena Assimilation Linking Weakening Stress Rhythm Practice Songs and movies,Consonants and vowels,Vowels,Monophthongs Diphthongs,Consonants,Plosives Fricatives Affricates Nasals Lateral Semi-vowels,Vowels,单元音 Monophthongs,前元音 /i:/ /i/ /e/ / / 中元音 / / / / / / 后元音 / / / / / / /u/ / /,双元音 Diphthongs,合口双元音 /ei/ / / /ai/ /au/ / i/ 集中双元音 /i / / / /u /,/i/是个短元音，故发此音要短促而轻快。发音要领的是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。 / /是短元音。发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形。,Monophthongs,/i/,seat / beat / deep keep the seat,/i:/,sit / bit / kick a big pig,Monophthongs,/e/,pen / ten / best Better late than never.,/ /,a bad cat A fact is a fact.,/ /,sir / hurt / shirt a dirty shirt,/ /,ago/ again My younger brother is a doctor.,Monophthongs,/ /,up / cup / mud some money,/ u - /,full - fool look - loose,/ - /,shot - short not - naught,Monophthongs,/ /,art / cart / fast The party stopped at half past five.,/ - /,hot - heart pot - part God - guard,/ ei /,pay / day / say take away No pains, no gains.,/ /,go / so / hope dont know hope so,Diphthongs,/ ai /,tie / die/ fight my eyes Great minds think alike.,/ au /,cow / bow / mouth He shouted louder and louder to the crowd gathered around.,Diphthongs,/ i /,boy / voice boys toys He avoided making the choice.,/ i , , u /,Dear, dear, beer is really dear. Are you sure you can cure the poor tourist?,Diphthongs,爆破音 /p/ /b/ / t / / d / /k/ / / 鼻辅音 /m/ /n/ / / 摩擦音 /f / /v/ / / / / /s/ /z/ / / / /r/ /h/,破擦音 / / / / /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ 舌边音 /l/ 半元音 /w/ /j/,Consonants,Plosives,/ p, b /,pit - bit A big park step by step,/ t, d /,two - do tip - dip cut the bread,/ k , g /,pick - pig back - bag,a big bag a sick dog,Plosives,Nasals,/ n, /,sin - sing win - wing kin - king ton - tongue,Fricatives,/ f, v /,very fast few leaves They met at five on the first of February.,Fricatives,/ , /,thief / theme / thick this / that / breathe I dont think this thin thread will go through the eye of this thin needle.,/ s, z /,loose - lose The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.,/ , /,a shocking measure Mr. Mash sells fish and shellfish fresh from the ocean.,Fricatives,/r/ i) fricationless continuantr used in stressed syllables Those red roses are really very pretty.,ii) flapped r in unstressed syllables and linkings there_is far_away tomorrow more_over,Fricatives,/ h /,heat / hit The hunter hurriedly hid behind a high hedge.,Fricatives,/ , /,choose a chair a cheap jeep,/ tr, dr /,by the train dry the straw,Affricates,/ ts, dz /,coats and shorts cards and boards I saw lots and lots of birds and kites.,/ l /,元音之前，清晰舌边音: lead / line / lack 辅音前或词尾，模糊舌边音: meal / bell / milk,Lateral,Semi-vowels,/w/ /j/,/v-w/,vet - wet vest -west vine -wine,/ j /,yes / youth / young,Plosives a) the closure + the stop + the explosion b) deaspiration (devocalization) i) /p, t, k/ after /s/ spell star sky ii) in unstressed syllables (less aspiration) city paper letter police today,Special phenomena,iii) in some linking a cup_of tea a lot_of pick_it_up c) incomplete plosion i) plosive + plosive active, post card ii) plosive + fricative friendship first, a bright future iii) plosive + affricate white chalks, great changes,Nasals / / - linking sing singing singer long longer longest / / Im longing for a holiday. v. + ing / er / / adj. + er / est / /,Special phenomena,Assimilation,Assimilation is a process of substituting one phoneme by another, or turning two neighboring sounds into a new one, under the influence of the surrounding sounds. Historical assimilation Ordinary assimilation Coalescent assimilation,Historical assimilation,Regressive assimilation,Progressive assimilation,-ed: observed / vd / worked / kt / -s: cats dogs,news / nju:z/ newspaper / nju: s peip / used /ju:zd / used to /ju:st t /,in- im- impolite il- illegal ir- irregular,con- com- combine con- contempt col- college cor- correct,Ordinary assimilation,Coalescent assimilation,picture / piktju / /pikt / Sugar / sju / / u / to save efforts happens in informal speeches,/ sj/ - / / this_year miss_you /zj / - / / as_ usual these_young men,/ t j / - / t /,wont_you dont _you last_year,/ d j / - / d /,could_you would_you do you,Coalescent assimilation,a) vowel +vowel / i:, i, ei, ai, i / + vowel: j-glide seeing fire enjoy it /u, u:, , au / + vowel: w-glide go_on our doing How_old are you ?,Linking (Liaison),Linking means the linking of words or sounds.,b) re, -r + vowel: linking /r/ / , , / + vowel: Intrusive /r/ I ve no idea_of_it. / aidi r vit / banana_and apple law_and order,Linking (Liaison),c) consonant + consonant incomplete plosion lateral plosion nasal plosion,Linking (Liaison),Weakening,There are more than 50 grammatical words which have both strong forms and weak forms. auxiliaries, model verbs, prep., articles, pron.(特指人称代词), conj. E.g. and / nd / / nd, n, / to 句尾 / tu / 句中 / t / That man is a policeman. I ve bought some land in Scotland.,prep. At the beginning of a sentence; two-syllable prep; at the end of a sentence. (strong forms) On the desk, there are Read after me. Where are you from?,Weakening,Stress,Word stress,Some syllables are stressed in a word. i) primary stress ii) secondary stress iii) weak stress,Sentence stress,Some words are stressed in a sentence.,Word stress,Compound stress,A compound word has only single stress while an expression has two. 1paper 1boy （报童） 1paper 1boy (纸娃娃),The stress of “-ing” form,A gerund takes one stress, a participle takes two. a 1smoking-room吸烟室 a 1smoking 1room 着火冒烟的房子,Sentence stress,When a word appears a second time, the stress is lost. - What is pink? - A rose is pink. - What is your job? - I am a teacher. And whats your job?,If a pron. is linked up with another by a conjunction, both are stressed. He and I are good friends. Neither he nor I know anything about it.,Sentence stress,Rhythm,syllable-timed language stress-timed language foot The stressed syllables occur at roughly regular interval of time.