2010高考英语单选解题策略.ppt

2010年 新高考英语解题策略 单选选择,单项选择题,还原再现法,语境定义法,标点提示法,克服思维定势法,依据习惯用法,消元简化法,消元简化法：,1.The exciting moment _at last. A. coming B. came C. come D. comes,we looked forward to,即去掉句子的修饰或插入成分，找出句子主干，从而简化句子结构。,2. The writer，whom I often refer to at the meetings, _ famous for those works Ais Bare Cam Dwere,(,),3. He often stands against the fence and talks endlessly with my father _ gardening problems. Ato Btoo Cabout Doff,(,),Strategy Two,还原再现法：即通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意，从而降低难度。一般有以下7中情况。,如：1.Whom would you rather have _with you ? A.to go B. go C. gone D. going,分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.,还原为：You would rather have whom _ with you.,一、将疑问句改成陈述句,1.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learns,We should make good use of time _our lesson well.,C,二、改被动句为主动句,1. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home Arepair Brepairing Cto repair Din repair,还原为：The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home,判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法 -去掉题干中的It is(was).that(who)，如果句子仍然成立-表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。,三、强调句型还原成简单句式,注意比较下面例子： 2. It was 2004 _ you joined the football club It was in 2004 _ you joined the football club. A who B that C when D which,分析： 第一句运用还原法，去掉It was.(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加in)，故此句不是强调句型，而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。第二句则是强调句。,C,B,what little Tom said to his mother sounded! A what reasonable B How a reasonable C How reasonable D What a reasonable,What little Tom said to his mother sounded!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。,四、 感叹句还原为陈述句,That was we had in London 3 years ago! A wonderful time B a wonderful time C wonderful D wonderfully,可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。,五、 固定短语还原,六、 还原省略成分,1. -What made you so happy ? -_. A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.,(made me so happy),2. If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not,If it is cheap, Ill buy it. If not, not. If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not.,3. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,=once it is begun,语境定义法,即根据实际语境，找到关键信息，从而准确答题。,1. （原题） -Which of the three ways shall I take to the village ? - _way as you please. (2004 福建) （改编） -Which of the two ways shall I take to the village ? - _ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either,D,C,不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较:,2. （原题） Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （NMET 2004 全国II） A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done,c,A, （改编） Has Sam finished his homework today? Yes. He _ it this morning.,标点提示法,即根据句子中的标点符号，如逗号，分号，破折号等，从而正确理解句子含义。,1.Tom has many friends; _ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. few of that D. few of them,Strategy Five,克服思维定势法：即解题时不能按照已有的思维模式，不受母语思维的干扰，而是要仔细分析句子，从而不落入出题人的圈套。,1. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (2005山东卷) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed,解析易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。,2. Mr. Smith is _ a good teacher _ we all respect. A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as,3.Mr. Smith is _ a good teacher _ we all respect him.,A,4. around后究竟用什么?,Is there a shop around _ we can buy some toilet articles? A. that B. which C. where D. what,5. _ smoking here will be fined. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever 6. _ smokes here will be fined. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whomever,Strategy Six,依据习惯用法:即根据英语语言的习惯用法，避免汉语式表达。,1. -Its getting late.Im afraid I must be going now. (2004全国） -OK. _ A.Take it easy. B. Go slowly. C.Stay longer. D. See you.,2. “如果你方便的话”说成英语是 if you are convenient吗?,Ill come to see you if _. A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for you C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you,3.“交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗?,He wants to move house, because he hates the _ here. A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics,4. worth和asleep的修饰词,Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep in class. A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast,5. who he is还是who it is,Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is,一.应注意全面审题,克服顾前不顾后或只顾结构和形式、不考虑语言意义和情景提示的思维习惯; 二.充分依据题中信息找出提示，或者全面考虑找出暗示; 三.特别注意主从句、插入语、 时态、标点符号和一些复杂 成分的干扰。,Practice makes perfect!,Summary,Please make up my excuse at tomorrows meetingIve got too much work _. A. to do to come B. doing coming C. to do coming D. doing to come,3. I met several people there, two of _ being foreigners. A. whom B. them C. who D. which,2. I met several people there, two of _ were foreigners. A. whom B. them C. who D. which,1. 利用知识点的常用规则考查： At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. （2007江苏） has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached,2. 利用学生学习的难点考查： She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all.（2007江苏） should B. could C. must D. might,3. 利用学生容易疏漏的知识点考查： He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.（2007江苏） A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest,4. 利用学生混淆不清的知识点考查： My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. （2006江苏） A. one B. the one C. he D. someone,5. 利用学生的思维定势考查： _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there.（2007江苏） A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show,6. 利用语言、文化差异考查： He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.（2006北京） A. and B. for C. but D. or,1. 冠词（4点） 除复习冠词的基本用法外，其“例外”用法值得注意。 1). 表示“某一”的意思时，专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an。例如： On a Saturday morning he got lost in the mountain.,2). a / an + 名词 + 修饰性的定语从句或介词短语。例如： Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting she has won two national prizes.（2005浙江） a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a,又如： For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living. (2006山东) a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the 3). 在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指，完全看语境的暗示。例如： I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. (2006北京) A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a,The stage 影员职业; go on the stage 从事影艺职业; on stage 在演出,4). music、nature、society前通常不用冠词，除非特指。例如： I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全国III) /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the,2. 形容词、副词（3点） 1). 几个形容词作定语的排序问题。 理论上若干形容词可共同作一个名词的定语，其排列顺序是：描绘形容词+大小(长短高低)形容词+形状形容词+年龄(新旧)形容词+颜色形容词+国籍形容词+材料形容词+用途(类别)形容词+名词。,例如： This _ girl is Linds cousin. (2005北京) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish,2) . 绝不能忽略less、least及 worse, worst等表示“更少”、 “最少”、“更糟”、“最糟”等概念 的比较级和最高级的使用。例 如： Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends.（2007上海） more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully,3). cannottoo无论也不过分 / cannotmore再不过了。例如： Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You can never be _ careful with that. (2005江西) enough B. too C. so D. very Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? _. I love getting close to nature. (2004福建) A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so,3. 代词(2点),指代词指一种情况: 例如： Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山东) A. that B. it C. this D. you 又如： I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998) A. it B. that C. these D. them,2). one、the one都可以作同位语。被说明的名词为特指时，同位语用the one，反之则用one。例如： My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather.（2006江苏） one B. the one C. he D. someone,4. 动词的时态（4点） 1). 时间、条件状语从句中的谓语动词可以用完成时替代将来时。例如： _ leave at the end of this month. I dont think you should do that until _ another job. (2006北京) Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll find D. Ill ; youd find,2). 一般过去时可以与段时间连用。例如： I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.（2006重庆） A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived,3). It is / was the first / second time + 完成时。例如： Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. (NMET91) was B. have been C. came D. am coming,4). 表示思维的动词，如：think、 want、hope、plan、intend、 mean、suppose等可以用过去完 成时或一般过去时表示事与愿违的 情况。例如： Ouch! You hurt me! I am sorry. But I _ any harm. I _ to drive a rat out.（2007江西） didnt mean; tried B. dont mean; am trying C. havent meant; tried D. didnt mean; was trying,5. 情态动词（2点） 1). 表示猜测、推测： must用在肯定句中； can, could用在疑问句中； may, might, can, could用在肯定句或否定句中。may、might侧重从事实的角度做出猜测，而can、could则侧重从逻辑角度做出猜测。,例如： Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. （2005安徽） shall B. must C. may D. can 又如： Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. (2005广东) has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be,2). 表示埋怨、责怪： should (not) + have done ought (not) to + have done could + have done neednt + have done 例如： My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food.（2007浙江） wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt,6. 非谓语动词(7点),1)非谓语动词的基本概念: 例如： There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (2006北京) A. add B. to add C. adding D. added,2)英汉结构的差异: 如： Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. （2006湖北) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing,3). 非谓语动词的时间差 to do表示经常、将要或正在进行的动作，to be doing强调正在进行, to have done则表示已经发生的动作。 doing表示经常或正在进行的动作，having done表示已经完成的动作。 done表示已经完成的动作。,4)非谓语动词的辩义: 例如： _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (2006广东) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 再如：,5)非谓语的时间差: After he became conscious，he remembered _ and _on the head with a rod (2006江西) A. to attack; hit Bto be attacked；to be hit C. attacking；be hit D. having been attacked；hit,6). 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的构成形式； 独立主格结构的逻辑主语。 例如： The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. （2007重庆） A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 又如：,John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽） A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 再如： Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.（2007福建） A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled,7). 非谓语动词作状语为已知条件，在选择句子时，要考虑句子的主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系。例如： Faced with a bill for $10,000, _. (2006全国II) A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John,8). 下列动词短语中的to为介词：object to be / get used to be dedicated to（专注于） be devoted to look forward to contribute to pay attention to be adjusted to（适应于） be adapted to（适合于） get down to stick to prefer to,例如： Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?（2006重庆） A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking,9). 现在分词、不定式都可以作结果状语的区别。例如： He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006全国II) A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 又如： We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006全国III) thinking B. think C. to think D. thought,10). need / want / require / deserve + doing / to be done 例如： As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.（2007陕西） A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair,7. 名词性从句与定语从句的辨析(4点),1). what不能引导定语从句。例如： You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.（2007安徽） A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that,2). as、which在引导非限定性定语从句时的异同点。例如： The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006江苏） A. who B. that C. as D. which,3). where可以引导地点状语从句。例如： Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. (2006四川) A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 又如： If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own,