英语作文写法及参考模版colinliao.ppt

英文写作专题,How to write a sentence How to write a paragraph How to write an essay,韶关学院外语学院 廖庆生,How to write a sentence,基本句型及其转换与扩大,主语的结构形式比较划一，它通常是个名词词组即“（限定词）+（潜质修饰语）+名词+（后置修饰语）”的结构，而谓语的结构形式比较多样化，这种结构形式的多样性决定于不同类型的谓语动词的特征。谓语的几种不同结构，同时也决定着不同的分句类型，即基本句型。,基本句型及其转换与扩大,1.主-动-补 The man is a teacher. He looks fine. Dinner is at six oclock. Lang Zongliang is 20. The tape-recorder is on the table.,基本句型及其转换与扩大,2.主-动 We laughed. Iron rusts. 3.主-动-宾 I like English. Wu Kangjian won the game.,基本句型及其转换与扩大,4.主-动-宾-宾 I sent him a telegram. Mary lent me her car. 5.主-动-宾-补 We made him our spokesman. They elected him president.,基本句型及其转换与扩大,6.主-动-补 I live in Beijing. They stayed in a hotel. 7.主-动-宾-状 She speaks English fluently. He treated her badly.,How to write a paragraph,How to write a paragraph(1),首先确立能凝炼段落中心内容的主题句。然后列出二个以上能说明、支持或扩展主题的扩展句的提纲点、致力点，进而确立段落框架。最后填充框架，既将提纲点/致力点扩展成句。并采用恰当关联词从而使段落框架有血有肉，最终扩展成段落。,典型段落,Opportunities do not come often (TS主题句).They come every once in a while(DS1-扩展句1). Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed (DS2-扩展句2). Therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care.(CS-结尾句).,段落框架分析,1. Opportunities do not come often (TS-主题句). 2. come occasionally (扩展句提纲点1) 3. come and go quietly (扩展句提纲点2) 4. value and treat them with care (结尾句),典型练习,Exercise: Please write a paragraph on the topic of Diligence.,参考例文,Diligence is the key to success. It means persistent work and does not mean that we are to exert ourselves all day and night without rest, without food and without sleep. The true meaning of diligence is the careful use of time for the purpose of improvement, or to work persistently without any waste of time. Diligence is important to everybody.,How to write a paragraph (2),段落既然是由一组相关的共同表达一个中心的若干句子组成，尤其写作原则要求它必须具有一致性和连贯性。 段落的一致性：在一个段落中集中表达一个主要思想的特征被称作段落的统一性和一致性。段落的一致性要求一个段落只能阐述一个主题思想。换言之，一个段落中，作者只能讨论一个话题或者某一个话题的一个方面。换主题或讨论、阐述问题另一方面时，必须另起一段。段落的一致性主要在于段落主题句或扩展句在意义上的统一，即段落内部的内在统一。段落的一致性要求段落中所有的内容都必须与段落主题思想有关，段内各句都必须支持、发展或服务于段落的中心思想。,典型例文,The party at Miss Whites flat was a failure. She hadnt bought enough food and beverage. The guests soon ran out of drink and finished whatever dishes on the table. To make things worse, most of the guests were strangers to each other and stood awkwardly in groups, holding their empty glasses and wondering what to say. The worst of the party is that even the only TV set in the room went black, and Miss White had to spend the whole time making apologies. So in the end, the only thing left to do was to go home, and all the guests left early so as to escape from the awkward situation.,How to write an essay,How to write an essay,四级作文要求： 要求学生写出一篇120左右的短文。试卷上可给出段首句要求书写，或要求看图作文，或给出关键词，要求写成短文，但从近十套作文题中提纲式作文有7次，应用文2次，图标式作文1次。 命题式样： 提纲式作文、图表式作文、应用文,提纲式作文解析： 根据给出的提纲写作文，提纲分英语和汉语两种。一般来说，给几个提纲，就写几段作文，而且每个提纲可以理解为本段的中心思想，即主题。可以将每个提纲作为每一段的主题句，通过举例子，分类和因果分析的方法进行扩展，同时要注意段落与段落之间的连贯和衔接。 提纲式作文分类： 1.事实对比型; 2.说明利弊型; 3.解决方法型; 4.阐述主题型,1.事实对比型,题型特点： 提纲中给出某一事物的优缺点，要求考生进行比较，然后下结论，最后阐述自己的缺点。 典型例题： 1998.06 Do lucky numbers really bring good luck? 2000.06 Is a test of spoken English necessary? colinliao 建议： 对某一事物的优缺点进行比较时中间应用一些表示转折关系的词语，如however, on the one hand , in contrast, on the contrary, etc.,参考写作模版,Some people tend to think that观点一。They point out that 理由一。Additionally, 理由二。（A case in point is 举例。）Therefore,小结。 On the contrary, other people hold the view that 观点二。They argue that 理由一。Whats more, 理由二。（As an illustration,举例。）Accordingly, 小结。 As far as I am concerned, I think 我的观点。The reason is that 理由一。 And also,理由二。So,总结自己的观点。,2.说明利弊型,题型特点： 提纲中给出的两种观点一般都有可取之处，但都有点极端。 Colin建议： 保留两种观点可取之处，形成一种新观点，并解释支持这种观点的理由。,参考写作模版,Whenever we hear people say that 主题， well instantly have the idea that it is a good/bad thing for某人 . Indeed, 主题 many advantages to 某人 . We can take 例子 as an example. It will benefit 好处一. In addition,好处二 . In the meantime, we must realize those disadvantages of 主题。First of all 坏处一。Second, 坏处二。 To sum up the above arguments, I think a proper attitude towards 主题 is that 我的观点。,3.解决方法型,题型特点： 利用对已给出的材料作出自己的分析，论述其原因，然后提出自己的看法或对象。 典型例题： 2001.01 How to succeed in a Job Interview? 2000.01 How I Finance My College Education?,参考写作模版,Nowadays, we have to face a problem that 问题。（Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem 问题。/It is important for us to问题。）For instance例一。Moreover, 例二。 People have figured out many ways to solve the problem. (Confronted with 问题， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.) Firstly, 解决方法一。Secondly, 解决方法二。 Personally, I believe that 我的观点。（To me, I am taking two ways to solve the problem of 问题。）One of them is 方法一。The other is 方法二。By now ways have been working perfectly and efficiently.,4.阐述主题型,题型特点：这类命题作为一般属于“概念型”议论文，要求考生以例证为手段论证某概念（如成语、格言、谚语、术语等）所蕴含的道理。概念型议论文开篇必须就所设定的概念（如格言、成语等）做出解释，紧接其后为主体段（body），要求对开篇进行演艺，或平行称述对立的观点，或以实例证明主题。,经典例题： 1998.01 Harmfulness of Fake Commodities Colinliao建议： 写这种作文时先对题目及提纲进行分析，最后得出合理的结论，在得出结论时，可以使用些表示结论的句式或词语，如：In conclusion,; We can conclude that; We can draw an conclusion that ,参考写作模板,A famous saying goes that 名言或谚语。It means that 释义。 An example of the case is 举例。解释。 Another case is point is 例二。 I like the saying-(名言)，which encourages me理由。,图表式作文,题型特点：图标式作文虽然在形式撒谎那个看来用的是图表形式，但根据其题目及提纲要求也可看成是特殊的提纲式作文 经典例题： 2002.06 Student Use of Computers Colinliao建议： 写作方法与提纲式作文没有太大区别，将图表式作文归入提纲式作文那一类型，但需仔细分析其提纲要求，并酌情处理。,参考写作模板（1）,From the graph, we know the statistics of 图表概况。It can easily be seen that 揭示含义。 There are many reasons responsible for this instance, and the following are the typical ones. For one thing, 理由一。In addition, 理由二。The main reason is that 理由三。 However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe 前景预测。（Above all, we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it. For one thing, 方法一。For another thing, 方法二。Still another, 方法三。）,参考写作模板（2）,It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of (多少).,What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly, (第二个原因). Most important of all, (第三个原因).,From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic On College Degree. You should write at least 130 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1、过去，拥有大学文凭意味着可以找到一个好工作； 2、这种情况已经发生了很大的变化； 3、如何面对这一深刻的变化。,Writing,On College Degree In the past, as the chances for people to get higher education were very slim, college students were often regarded as specially privileged persons and a college degree could usually guarantee them an ideal job.,However, as the number of college students rises sharply in recent years, the situation is completely different. For one thing, as more oppo