专八-阅读(导入篇).ppt

2013专业八级阅读讲义,中山大学 代老师,专八试卷的题型、题数、计分、比重和时间列表 (新版英语专业八级考试大纲）,专四专八对听力、阅读的考察,二、 专四、专八近四年通过率一览,数据来源：专四、专八考试委员会,全国近5年八级考试子项目得分情况一览,专八历年考试趋势,数据来源：专四、专八考试委员会,对专四、专八考试的总结,专四、专八考试难度逐年加大 通过率逐年呈现小幅度下降趋势 专四、专八是完全可以攻克的 通过专业辅导可以大幅度提高成绩 听力、阅读、写作等部分都有特定的解题方法 专四、专八的学习永远需要努力+技巧,专业八级-阅读理解,阅读理解考纲要求 阅读理解给考生提供了更大的语言环境，更丰富的上下文语音信息，要求考试具备扎实的语言基础、熟练的阅读能力和技巧，并结合题干和选项的关键信息和答题方法才能准确高效地完成答题。另外，阅读理解的文章给学生提供了极其针对性的学习资料，使学生对英语词汇、语法句法、文章的主旨构成和细节支持以及文章上下文的语义逻辑关系等都会有最深刻最直观的理解和认知。,专八阅读理解特点,4篇文章，共20道题，每题1分，共20分，每篇650-800词；考试时间30分钟 高频题材：社会生活、生态环保、科普、经济商务、语言文化、电脑网络 体裁：说明文、议论文、记叙文为主 是写作和翻译的翻版,专八近2年阅读理解真题,Manual labor is one of the principal resources in any industrializing country, as the following examples demonstrate. To begin with, plowing field, planting and harvesting crops, and raising livestock are all important to development and require people who work with their hands. Secondly, mining natural resources, building roads and bridges, and constructing dams for irrigation and electrical power are also important to development and also require people who know how to use their hands skillfully. Finally, the establishment of efficient transportation and communication systems, essential services in a modernizing economy, relies heavily on a labor force of expert craftsmen who take pride in their manual skills. And of course, the manufacture as well as the maintenance of machines of all kinds demands a large number of trained mechanics and technicians. Clearly, in agriculture and in industry, the progress of a country depends on the busy hands of its working people.,典型演绎式考题,What does the passage mainly discuss?,A. Raising livestock is important to development B. Building roads and bridges require people who know how to use their hands skillfully C. Manual labor is considered as one of the fundamental development resources in any industrializing country D. Manual labor is indispensable to many countries in Asia,阅读理解文章语篇类型,模式一：提出问题+分析问题+解决问题 模式二：结果+原因/现象+成因 模式三：对比/比较 模式四：议题+观点+论证 模式五：错误观点+异议+证明/论证 模式六：话题+列举+（结论）,阅读理解答题要领,略读法迅速抓住全文以及各段落的主旨（一般在文章开头或结尾） 一致性规律和定位技巧（题目的顺序和原文顺序基本一致，根据题干信息快速定位到所在段落，确定答案） 所有题目必须与原文保持一致，必须以作者观点为依据，不能主观进行选择（本本主义） 位置原则（细节列举和主旨题除外）,2011年真题精讲,These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, “meet and look.” Many of them do so willingly. In todays prosperous and increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.,专四、专八说明文阅读开头,(2011年TAXT A) We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading (2011年TAXT B) I know the snow melts and the first robins(知更鸟)come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen. Spring cleaning. (2011年TAXT C) These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, “meet and look.” Many of them do so willingly.,2011年真题精讲,91 But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldnt reject the partner chosen by his parents and their middleman. After World War , many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western renai kekkon, or love marrige, became popular; Japanese began picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.,2011年真题精讲,92 But the Western way often found wanting in an important respect: it didnt necessarily produce a partner of the right economic, social, and educational qualifications. “Todays young people are quite calculating,” says Chieko Akiyama, a social commentator.,2011年真题精讲,What seems to be happening now is a repetition of a familiar process in the countrys history, the “Japanization” of an adopted foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject the match. “Omiai is evolving into a sort of stylized introduction,” Mrs.Akiyama says.,2011年真题精讲,Many young Japanese now date in their early twenties, but with no thought of marriage. When they reach the age-in the middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men-they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as 40% of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. 93Its hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.,2011年真题精讲,These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. 94 The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighborhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. 94 But Japanese today find its less awkward to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.,Japan has about five hundred computer matching services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays 80 to 125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and 200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughters, face an obligaton of caring for elderly parents.),2011年真题精讲,2011年真题精讲,91. According to the passage, todays young Japanese prefer A. a traditional arranged marriage B. a new type of arranged marriage C. a Western love marriage D. a more Westernized love marriage,主题和细节,文章主旨内容和细节内容的关系 主旨决定细节 细节对主旨进行解释、扩张和论证 主旨是抽象概述性陈述，简易句 细节是具体支出性陈述，长难句 作者引出主题的手法 开门见山 通过描述现象、事实、应用故事、情景、引语或对比手法引出主题 作者采用细节内容论述主题的手法 举例子、列数字、引用名人话语、基于报告、基于实验、分析原因、比较或正反对比 结论内容 重复主题 发表自己看法,2011年真题精讲,92. Which of the following statement is CORRECT? A. A Western love marriage tends to miss some Japanese values B. Less attention is paid to the partners qualification in arranged marriages C. Young Japanese would often calculate their partners wealth D. A new arranged marriage is a repetition of the older type,历年必考题型（列举题）,(2011年TAXT A) The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT? (2011年TAXT B) Which of the following interpretations of the biologists theory about melatonin is INCORREDT? (2011年TAXT D) Which of the following statements is INCORRECT indescribing her current business?,正确选项的特征,正确答案通常与文章主旨有关 正确答案的位置，最常见的位置有四个：段首段尾、转折、列举、因果处 正确答案运用的原则是：直接陈述、同义转述、正话反说、反话正说 从语气的角度看，正确答案经常含有不肯定的语气或委婉的语气词，如：can, may, possible, some, not necessary 正确答案常带有概括性、深刻性特点,错误答案特征,无中生有（未提及选项） 正反混淆（相反选项） 答非所问（张冠李戴选项） 部分修改（偷梁换柱选项），错误链接（错误联想选项） 过分绝对，绝对选项（all, always, absolutely, must, never, impossible等） 扩大范围，缩小范围 过度推理 主观性选项（like, dislike, prefer，console等）,2011年真题精讲,93. According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragraph Five) is uncertain because A. there has been a big increase in the number of arranged marriages B. Western love marriage still remains popular among young Japanese C. young Japanese start dating very early in their life in a Western tradition D. the tendency for arranged marriages could be stronger than is indicated,历年必考题型（例证题）,(2011年TAXT B) 88. Why does the author say “spring cleaning cant wait”? (2011年TAXT C) 93. According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragrahp Five) is uncertain because (2011年TAXT D) 97. “Harrington made sure she was never off executivesradar”(Paragraph Four) means that she,2011年真题精讲,94. One of the big differences between a traditional nakodo and its contemporary version lies in the way A. wedding gifts are presented B. formalities are arranged C. a proposed partner is refused D. the middleman/woman is chosen,2011年真题精讲,95. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To tell the differences between an old and modern nakodo B. To offer more details of the computerized nakodo C. To provide some examples for the traditional nakodo D. To sum up the main ideas and provide a conclusion,2011年真题精讲,I know when the snow melts and the first robins (知更鸟) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen. Spring cleaning.,Ill admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Todays busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order.,2011年真题精讲,“Honey, what say we spend the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow?” I say. “Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over?” my husband answers.,2011年真题精讲,But I tell my family, spring cleaning cant wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend. Newly wakened from our winters hibernation (冬眠), yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding “Awake and be clean!”,2011年真题精讲,Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at springs first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepy time hormone (激素) our bodies produce when its dark. When springs light comes, the melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house weve been hibernating in for four months.,2011年真题精讲,I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at springs arrival. I speak to them about lifes greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum from the bathtub, which hasnt been properly cleaned since the first snowfall.,2011年真题精讲,2011年真题精讲,“Ill do it,” says the eldest child, a 21-year-old college student who lives at home. “You will? Wow!” I exclaim. Maybe after all these years, hes finally grasped the concept. Maybe hes expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role model. Or maybe hes going to Florida for a break in a couple of weeks and hes being nice to me who is the financial-aid officer.,No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who, instead of working, is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning. “Awake and be clean!” I say.,2011年真题精讲,86. According to the passage, “spring cleaning is difficult notion for modern families to grasp” means that spring cleaning A. is no longer an easy practice to understand. B. is no longer part of modern family life. C. requires more family members to be involved. D. calls for more complicated skills and knowledge.,2011年真题精讲,87. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in family spring cleaning? A. Beating the rugs. B. Cleaning the window. C. Restoring Wi-Fi services. D. Cleaning the backyard.,2011年真题精讲,88. Why does the author say “spring cleaning cant wait”? A. Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer. B. Because the air is fresher and the breeze is lighter. C. Because the whole family is full of energy at spring time. D. Because the snow is melting and the ground is thawing.,2011年真题精讲,89. Which of the following interpretations of the biologists theory about melatonin is INCORRECT? The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times. B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies. C. The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies. D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.,2011年真题精讲,90. Which of the following can best sum up the auth