2018_2019学年高中英语Module1DeepSouthSectionⅣLanguagePointsⅡ.docx

Section Language Points （Cultural Corner & Other Parts）.Skim the text and fill in the blanks according to the passage on Page 11.Paragraph Main idea/theme sentenceSouth Poles? How many are there？1.There are three South Poles.Is it safe？2.Theres_a_severe_risk_that_you_will_damage_your_eyesight_or_get_badly_sunburnt.Is it cold？3.Be_very_careful_out_in_the_open_air！Is there anything good about the weather？4.Its possibly the calmest place on Earth.Whats it like to live here？5.Life_is_quite_abnormal.Where do we live？6.The South Pole scientific station is situated on a platform of the ice.Any other advice？7.There are some important things to remember in_the_South_Pole.Judge whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) according to the passage on Page 13.1The book about Marco Polos travels was written by Marco Polo._2As soon as Marco began his journey, he became very famous._3When the book was published, people all believed it deeply._4Only people who know China very much can understand those obscure names and facts._5The book described the amazing things in China such as paper money and coal._答案：15FFFTT.单词拼写1Coal and oil are conventional (常规的) energy sources but they can lead to air pollution. 2This morning, I had the privilege (荣幸) of visiting Peking University and interviewing the headmaster.3We all know that he is a famous writer of great insight (洞察力)4The new portable (便携的) computers are going like hot cakes.5The fragile (脆弱的) environment of the desert was destroyed by the mining work.6The marathon is a severe (艰巨的) test of stamina (耐力)7Buying a house can be a very tiresome (令人讨厌的) business.8The cave is the home of a legendary (传说中的) giant.9Shortly after my arrival at the school, I was befriended (对待如朋友) by an older girl.10This door should only be used in an emergency (紧急情况).拓展词汇1abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的normal adj.正常的2absence n缺乏；没有absent adj.缺席的3minimum adj.最少量；最小数maximum adj.最大量4depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的depress v使沮丧；使萧条depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的depression n沮丧；不景气，萧条(期)5isolated adj.孤单的，孤立的isolate v使隔离，孤立6discourage v阻止；打消的念头discouraging adj.令人沮丧的discouraged adj.沮丧的discouragement n泄气；使人泄气的人(事)7tricky adj.困难的，棘手的trick n诡计，欺诈v.戏弄，欺骗8reliability n可靠性reliable adj.可信赖的rely v依靠；信赖9inhabit v居住inhabitant n居民，住户10inspiration n鼓舞；启示；灵感inspire vt.鼓舞inspired adj.鼓舞人心的inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨normal abnormalab加形容词构成具有否定意义的形容词discouragediscouragement动词加ment构成名词relyreliable动词变y为i加able构成形容词tricktricky名词加y构成形容词inhabitinhabitant动词加ant构成表示人的名词.补全短语1in case of 如果；假使2come into sight 进入视野3break up 打碎；解体4come up with 想出5take a risk 冒险6in charge of 负责；掌管7in detail 详细地8leave behind 遗留；留下9discourage sb. from doing . 打消某人做的念头10keep up 保持，维持11set up 创建；成立1教材原句While on their journey buying and selling spices, silks and jewels, they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth, Kubla Khan.在旅途中他们买卖香料、丝绸和珠宝，并与世界上最有权势的人中的一位忽必烈汗结为朋友。句型点拨状语从句的省略。佳句赏析在北京时，我参观了颐和园。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.2教材原句.it is not surprising that people in a rich powerful place like Venice could not believe his stories, nor in the idea of huge, rich city states inhabited by millions of people.像威尼斯那样富有地方的人们不相信他的故事就一点也不奇怪了，更无法想象数以百万计的人居住在庞大富饶的城邦。句型点拨it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。佳句赏析我真没料到他竟然如此轻率。It astonishes me that he should be so thoughtless.3教材原句A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West.关于马可波罗最为大家熟知的一个传说是他将意大利面条和冰激凌等从中国传入西方。句型点拨同位语从句。佳句赏析我们听到消息说我们队赢了。We heard the news that our team had won.How Failure Became SuccessOn 8th August, 1914, 27 men who had replied to an advertisement in The Times boarded a ship leaving for the Antarctic. The name of the ship was the Endurance and the captain was an Irishman called Ernest Shackleton.The aim of the journey was to cross the frozen continent via the South Pole a journey of 1,800 miles. Shackleton thought the journey would last six months.But when land came into sight, the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up. Shackleton and his men watched theEndurance sink into the icy sea. They then headed north, pulling three lifeboats behind them.After six days, bad weather forced them to give up and the men set up camp on a sheet of ice which began slowly moving across the Antarctic Circle.They survived on the ice for five months. Then, on 16th April, 1915, Shackleton saw land. It was Elephant Island a large rock with nothing growing on it, but much better than a floating piece of ice. When they reached the island, Shackleton came up with an idea it was a risk but he would have to take it. He and five men would take one of the lifeboats, and sail 800 miles to South Georgia, where there was a permanent camp. They could then return to rescue the rest of the men.It took Shackleton 17 days to reach South Georgia. Unfortunately he landed on the wrong side of the island, and had to walk 36 hours over mountains to reach the camp. The whale hunters at the camp couldnt believe their eyes when they saw the six men walking down from the mountains.Shackleton kept his promise. More than three months later, he returned to Elephant Island to rescue the crew he had been forced to abandon. He had failed to reach the pole but he had saved the lives of all his men.失败如何变为成功1914年8月8日，响应泰晤士报上一则广告的27个人登上一艘轮船，向南极地区进发。船的名字叫“耐力”号，船长是一个叫做欧内斯特沙克尔顿的爱尔兰人。旅行的目的是经过南极点越过冰冻的大陆这一旅程长达1 800英里。沙克尔顿认为这次旅行会持续六个月。但是当陆地映入眼帘的时候，“耐力”号船却被困在了冰里并开始解体。沙克尔顿和他的船员们看着“耐力”号沉入冰冷的海里。接着他们拖着三艘救生船向北面进发。六天之后，糟糕的天气迫使他们放弃了，船员们在浮冰上搭起了帐篷，那块浮冰缓缓移动，穿越了南极圈。他们在冰上幸存了五个月。然后，1915年4月16日，沙克尔顿看见了陆地，那是大象岛一大块什么也不长的大岩石，但是总比漂在冰上要好得多。当他们到达岛上的时候，沙克尔顿想出了一个办法那是一个冒险，但是必须得这样做。他和五个船员乘坐其中一艘救生船，航行800英里到了南乔治亚岛，在那里有一个永久的营地。然后他们可以回来营救其他船员。沙克尔顿花了17天的时间到达南乔治亚岛，不幸的是，他在错误的一边登上了岛，然后不得不走36个小时翻山越岭到达营地。当在营地里的捕鲸者看见有六个人从山上走下来的时候，简直不能相信自己的眼睛。沙克尔顿坚守诺言，三个多月之后，他返回到大象岛，营救了他被迫遗弃的船员。他没有到达南极点，但是他挽救了所有船员的生命。Welcome to the South Poles!South Poles? How many are there?In fact, there are three South Poles: a ceremonial Pole, which is on the moving glacier, a geographical or true Pole, and a magnetic Pole which changes its position according to the movement of the Earth.Is it safe?Because the South Pole is a high altitude site, the glare of the sunlight here is very intense. Its also reflected by the snow, so if you go outside, remember to wear sunglasses and use suncream. If you dont, theres a severe risk that youll damage your eyesight or get badly sunburnt.Is it cold?Yes！Be very careful out in the open air! The temperature is between minus 21 in the summer and minus 78 in the winter, and you can become numb with cold without realising. Theres heavy frost even on the warmest summer days, and if its quiet you can hear your breath freeze. So if you leave the station, dress warmly and carry dry clothing and a portable radio.Is there anything good about the weather?The air is very pure, and it doesnt snow very much only about four millimetres a year. Theres very little wind and the sky is usually clear. Its possibly the calmest place on Earth.Whats it like to live here?Life is quite abnormal. Sunrise and sunset come once every six months, and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome, and for some, depressing. Were totally isolated except for radio and electronic communications, as no aircraft can fly here for about eight months.Where do we live?The South Pole scientific station is situated on a platform of ice, 3,0004,000 metres high, but under only a few millimetres of snow. We have a minimum of 28 people living here in the winter and a maximum of 125 in the summer. The living quarters are modest, with few luxuries, but cosy. Theres a comfortable dormitory for sleeping, the canteen serves great food, and theres a wellstocked library of DVDs and videos. But showers and laundry are limited, because water is very valuable. We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.Any other advice?Remember that conventional equipment doesnt always work as it should do. If you use an electric drill, the power cord will snap. Photography is tricky too, as film is fragile and the camera battery doesnt work in the cold.Dont leave any rubbish, and dont forget that the ecology of Antarctica is very delicate, so dont take any souvenirs home with you, and be careful to leave nothing but footprints.Finally, remember that were all visitors to the South Pole. Its a privilege, not a right to come to this extraordinary place.欢迎来到南极！南极？有多少个？事实上，有三个南极：一个是仪式南极点，它在一块移动的冰川上，一个是地理意义上的南极或叫做真正的南极。还有一个是地磁南极点，它根据地球的移动来改变位置。南极安全吗？因为南极在很高的纬度上，这儿太阳光非常强烈。它也会被雪反射，所以如果你出去的话，记得要戴上太阳镜和涂上防晒霜。如果你不那么做是极其危险的，那会损坏你的视力，灼伤你的皮肤。冷吗？是的！在室外要相当小心！夏天的温度是零下21度左右，冬天最低是零下78度，你会在毫无意识的情况下冻麻木了。即使在最温暖的夏天也会有厚厚的霜，如果安静的话，你能听见呼吸结成冰的声音。所以如果你要离开基地，穿得温暖些，带上干衣服和便携式收音机。有关天气有什么好的地方吗？空气很纯净，没有太多的雪每年仅仅约有四毫米。有微风，天空通常很晴朗。这里或许是地球上最安静的地方。住在这里怎么样？生活很不正常。日出日落每六个月一次，在冬天完全没有阳光，很无聊，对有些人来说令人沮丧。除了收音机和电子通讯，我们完全与世隔绝。因为大约八个月不会有飞机飞到这里。我们住在哪儿？南极科考站位于一块冰台上，冰层厚达3 0004 000米，但其上积雪仅数毫米。我们冬天最少28人住在这儿，夏天最多125人住在这里。生活区很朴素，不奢侈但很温馨。有舒适的宿舍供休息，食堂提供很好的食物，还有一个DVD和视频资料丰富的图书馆。但是沐浴和洗衣受到很大限制，因为水非常珍贵。除非在特定区域我们反对吸烟。医疗救助也很便利以防紧急情况发生。有什么其他建议吗？记住常规设备在这儿不能总像往常一样正常运作。如果你使用电钻，电源线可能会断掉，摄影也很困难，因为胶卷很易碎，相机电池无法在低温下工作。不要留下任何垃圾，不要忘了南极洲的生态非常脆弱，也不要带任何纪念品回家，一切都要小心，切记除了脚印什么也不要留下。最后，记住我们都是南极的游客，来到这个不同寻常的地方是荣幸，不是权利。The Travels of Marco PoloThe year is 1271 AD. Imagine a 17yearold boy from Venice, Italy, welleducated and trained for life as a rich trader. He sets off with his father and uncle on a 25year journey to mysterious, distant lands that most people in Europe have never heard of. While on their journey buying and selling spices, silks and jewels, they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth, Kubla Khan.The boys name was Marco Polo and many years later a book about his travels was published which made him famous. Marco Polo told his fantastic stories to a writer named Rustichello who wrote them down for him. This man was wellknown for his stories and romantic tales of the legendary English King Arthur, but so many people doubted the reliability of his book The Travels of Marco Polo. However, Chinese historians have found obscure names and facts in the book that could only have been known to someone intimate with the country.Many of Marcos stories were about China and its people. He told stories about the towns, cities and populations in great detail. He described the amazing things he saw in China such as paper money and black stone that burned (coal). With very little contact between China and the West, it is not surprising that people in a rich powerful place like Venice could not believe his stories, nor in the idea of huge, rich city states inhabited by millions of people. There could surely be no comparison with Venice?A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West. There is no truth to any of these claims and actually they are not mentioned in Marco Polos book.However, Marco Polos book is still a unique insight for its age. Most importantly it was a great influence for many future travellers. Christopher Columbus left behind a wellworn copy that he read as inspiration on his own voyages to America.马可波罗游记那年是公元1271年，想象一个来自意大利威尼斯，受过良好教育且被培养成一个富商的17岁男孩，和他的父亲及叔叔开始了一次长达25年的旅程，去往一片大多数欧洲人闻所未闻的神奇而遥远的土地。在他们的旅行中，他们买卖香料、丝绸和珠宝，他们与世界上最有权力的人之一忽必烈汗交朋友。男孩的名字叫马可波罗，许多年之后，一本关于他旅行的书被出版了，使他一举成名。马可波罗把他的神奇的故事讲述给一个叫鲁斯提契洛的作家，由他替马可波罗写下来。这个人因为写了传奇的英国亚瑟王的浪漫故事而很出名，但是很多人都怀疑马可波罗游记这本书的真实性。然而，中国历史学家已经找到了书里面那些晦涩的名字和事实，只有那些与这个国家关系密切的人才能知道这些事情。马可波罗的许多故事都是关于中国和中国人民的。他非常详尽地讲述了小镇、城市和人们的故事。他描述了他在中国看到的令人惊讶的东西，如纸币和黑色能燃烧的石头(煤)。因为中西方之间鲜有联系，像威尼斯那样富有地方的人们会不相信他的故事就一点也不奇怪了，更无法想象数以百万计的人居住在庞大富饶的城邦。那里果真不能与威尼斯媲美？一个围绕马可波罗的神话故事流传开了，那就是他将意大利通心粉和冰淇淋等东西从中国传到西方。这些说法都不是真的，实际上马可波罗的书中也没有提到过。然而，马可波罗的书对于当时的时代来说仍具有独一无二的洞察力。最重要的是它对未来的旅行者有极大的影响力。克里斯托夫哥伦布留下一本翻得很破烂的书，在去美洲途中他通过阅读这本书获取精神上的鼓舞。1But when land came into sight, the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up.(P7)但是当人们看见陆地的时候，“耐力”号却陷在冰块里开始解体。come into sight 进入视野，看得见The mountain town came into sight as we turned the last corner.我们拐过最后一道弯，山城就映入了眼帘。catch sight of发现，突然看到lose sight of 看不见in/out of sight 在视野之内/外at first sight 乍一看，初看起来at (the) sight of 一看见Tom caught_sight_of a bus slowing down before the stop.汤姆看见一辆公共汽车在进站前慢慢停了下来。At the railway station, the mother waved to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight.妈妈在火车站向女儿挥手告别，直到火车消失在视线中。break up打碎，撞碎，粉碎；分解；分手；结束；分裂；驱散写出下列句中break up的含义This ship broke up on the rocks.撞碎The crowd started to break up when the night fell. 散开The party didnt break up until after midnight. 结束break down出故障，抛锚；(身体等)垮下来break in 打断；插嘴；破门而入break into 强行闯入；突然开始break out 爆发break through 冲破，突破break away from 脱离，逃脱We were downloading music when our computer broke_down suddenly.我们正在下载音乐，这时计算机出故障了。Please dont_break_in when others are talking.别人谈话时，请不要插嘴。2Sunrise and sunset come once every six months, and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome, and for some, depressing.(P11)日出和日落每6个月才有一次，在冬天完全没有白天让人非常厌烦，对有些人来说很压抑。absence nU缺乏；没有； C, U不在，缺席We didnt receive any news during his long absence.我们在他长期不在的这段时间没有收到任何消息。(1)absence from 缺席in the absence of 由于缺乏in ones absence 某人不在时(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的；缺乏的be absent from 不在的现场；未出席absentminded adj. 心不在焉的，健忘的In_the_absence_of firm evidence the suspect was set free.因缺乏确凿的证据，嫌疑犯被释放了。Tom was_absent_from school because he was ill.汤姆没来上学，因为他生病了。3We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.(P11)除非在特定的区域，我们反对吸烟。discourage v阻止；打消的念头；使灰心It may be difficult to do at first. Dont let this discourage you.开始时做起来也许很困难，不要让这个使你泄气。(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(2)discouraging adj. 令人泄气的discouraged adj. (人)感到泄气的(3)encourage v. 鼓励encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事We tried to discourage_him_from_climbing the mountain without a guide.我们努力劝他在没有向导的情况下不要爬山。Dont be discouraged (discourage) by the first failure try again!不要因第一次失败就灰心丧气，再试一次吧！The new teaching methods encouraged_children_to_think by themselves.新的教学方法鼓励孩子们独立思考。联想发散与discourage sb. from doing sth.类似的搭配还有 keep/prevent/stop_sb._from_doing_sth.等。4Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.(P11)在紧急情况下可以得到医疗救助。in case of如果；假使In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button.一旦发生紧急情况，击碎玻璃并按下按钮。in case (that) 万一；以防in no case 无论如何；决不(位于句首用倒装)in any case 无论如何；总之in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话as is often the case 这是常有的事Take a hat with you in_case the sun is very hot.你带上帽子吧，以防阳光太强烈。In no case can_I_tolerate such a mistake.不管怎样，我绝不能容忍这样的错误。As_is_often_the_case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.对于孩子来说经常会有这样的情况发生，当医生到达时，艾米好多了。5Its a privilege, not a right to come to this extraordinary place.(P11)来这种特别的地方是一种荣幸而不是一种权利。privilege n荣幸，荣耀；特权；特殊利益，优惠待遇Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.教育应当是全民的权利而非部分人的特权。have the privilege of doing/to do 有权/有幸做It is a privilege to do . 做是一种荣幸/特权I hope to have_the_privilege_of working with him again.我希望有幸与他再度合作。It_was_a_great_privilege_to_hear her sing.听她唱歌真是三生有幸。6A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West.(P13)关于马可波罗最为大家熟知的一个传说是他将意大利面条和冰激凌等从中国传入西方。that后面的内容是A general myth的同位语从句，被谓语部分has grown up所分隔。有时同位语从句可以不跟在要说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。Word came that our football team had been defeated again.有消息传来，我们的足球队又被打败了。（1）that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的不缺任何成分的句子，且that一般不省略。(2)除that外，whether, what, how等也可引导同位语从句。The general gave the order that_the_soldiers_(should)_cross_the_river at once.将军下达了士兵们必须立即渡河的命令。I have no idea whether_the_president_will_come tomorrow.我不知道明天董事长是否会来。My question how_I_shall_get_in_touch_with_him has not been answered.我怎样才能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。7Christopher Columbus left behind a wellworn copy that he read as inspiration on his own voyages to America.(P13)克里斯托夫哥伦布留下一本翻得很破烂的书，在去美洲途中他通过阅读这本书获取了精神上的鼓舞。leave behind遗留，留下Her husband died, leaving behind nothing but debts.她丈夫死了，除了债务什么也没留下。leave alone不理会，不管，不理，不干涉leave for 动身去leave off 停止做某事leave out 遗漏；不包括，不提及I notice that the advertisement_leaves_out_the price of the product.我注意到广告中没有提到产品的价格。Start reading from where you_left_off last time.从上次停下的地方接着读吧。.单句语法填空1They think that looking for a job these days sounds a little depressing (depress)2In my point of view, my mothers words are a great inspiration (inspire) to me.3Bob found it very tiresome (tire) doing the same job day after day, so he resigned from the company.4Its a privilege for me to say a few words on this special occasion.5We must adjust ourselves to the changing society unless we want to be left behind.6The school has set up a special class to help those poor learners.7Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.8Elderly people easily become sociall