2019高中英语Unit12CultureShockSectionⅤGrammar教案（含解析）北师大版必修4.docx

Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)跟动名词和不定式作宾语的动词 语法图解探究发现I refuse to let you pay for anything while youre here.She wanted to go home earlier that day.I suggest leaving 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress.I think we should consider staying in the English countryside for a few nights as you enjoy hiking.Do you like to play/playing chess?Ill remember to post your letter.I dont remember saying that to him before.我的发现(1)句句中refuse和want要跟不定式作宾语。(2)句句中suggest，consider和enjoy要跟动名词作宾语。(3)句中like后既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，意义区别不大。(4)句句中remember既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同。一、只接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语1这类词语可借助以下口诀来记忆：避免错过少延期 (avoid, miss, postpone)建议完成多练习 (advise/suggest, finish, practise)喜欢想象与考虑 (enjoy/appreciate, imagine，consider)承认否定与妒忌 (admit, deny, envy)逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape, risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意 (stand, keep, mind)Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为上海世博会做些什么的会议。Would you mind giving us a talk today about DNA?能不能请你今天作一个关于DNA的报告？When he finished listening to the news, he turned off the radio.当他听完新闻，他就关掉了收音机。2英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on(坚持), object to(反对), be good at(擅长), lead to(导致), put off(推迟), give up(放弃), look forward to(期盼), feel like(想要), devote to(献身于), get used/accustomed to(习惯于), pay attention to(注意), be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)等。I dont think we should put off having the meeting.我认为我们不应该推迟开那个会议。We were used/accustomed to getting up early in the morning.我们以前习惯早起。Professor Wang devotes his life to protecting animals.王教授为保护动物奉献一生。即时演练1用所给词的适当形式填空I wouldnt consider making (make) these changes.(2014江西高考改编)When it comes to speaking (speak) in public, no one can match him. (2014陕西高考改编)Its quite hot today. Do you feel like going (go) for a swim?I dont mind traveling (travel) by bus, but I hate standing (stand) in queues.We cant imagine her succeeding (succeed) in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school. He is looking forward to spending (spend) his holiday in Britain.Men find it easier to give up smoking (smoke) than women.二、只接不定式作宾语的动词这类词语可借助以下口诀来记忆：同意提出做计划(agree, offer, intend/plan/attempt)要求答应来帮忙(demand/ask, promise, help)准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse)敢于选择有希望(dare, choose, wish/hope/want/expect)设法负担决心坚(manage, afford, determine)不能做到莫假装(fail, pretend)Tom pretended not to have heard about it, but in fact, he knew it very well.汤姆假装没有听说过，但是事实上他很了解这件事。Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.弗雷德没有钱了，因此他决定找份工作。He offered to help me with my English.他主动提出帮我学习英语。They managed to finish the work on time.他们设法按时完成了工作。即时演练2用所给词的适当形式填空Dont forget to_apologize (apologize) to your brother for losing your temper when you see him.When one loses confidence, he can never expect to_do (do) his work well.I finally managed to_find (find) the book I was looking for.Many people would like to_take (take) holidays abroad.I cant afford to_waste (waste) money on cheap souvenirs.I really dislike my job but I have to pretend to_enjoy (enjoy) it.Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to_ride a bicycle. (ride)三、既可以接动名词又可以接不定式但意义差别比较大的动词(短语)doingto doforget忘记已经做过某事忘记去做某事remember记得曾经做过某事记住去做某事regret后悔做过某事后悔/遗憾去做某事stop停止做一件事停下来接着做另一件事try尝试着做某事努力/试图做某事mean意味着做某事意欲/想/企图做某事cant help情不自禁地做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做(同一件事)继续做(另一件事)She didnt remember locking the door after supper.她不记得晚饭后锁过门了。Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom.你离开教室时，别忘记把所有的灯关掉。You must try to do it again.你必须想方设法再做一次。Lets try doing the work in some other way.咱们用另一种方法试试做这项工作。即时演练3(1)单句语法填空(2015陕西高考改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on to_thank (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.That would mean wasting (waste) a lot of labour.Really? I dont mean to_waste (waste) any labour. The engine just wont start.Something seems to_have_gone (go) wrong with it.Every half an hour Mr Smith would stop to_have (have) a smoke.As soon as Peter saw me, he stopped talking (talk) to his friends and came over.Im sorry I cant help to_clean (clean) the room.(2)单句改错If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greater challenge. but后加toHe has been looking forward to go to England for a long time.gogoing .单句语法填空1I remembered to_lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.2Its getting warmer and warmer; our students are considering climbing (climb) the hill next weekend.3We always go there by train. Why not try taking (take) a bus?4It is difficult to imagine his accepting (accept) the decision without any consideration.5Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs to_be_done/doing (do) to achieve the final success.6Im determined to solve the mystery even if it means travelling (travel) to New York myself.7They couldnt help laughing (laugh) when they heard the joke.8We dont permit smoking (smoke) in the classroom; that is to say, students arent permitted to_smoke (smoke) in the classroom.9I would appreciate your calling (call) back this afternoon.10People have been accustomed to driving (drive) to work every day, which results in air pollution.单句写作1. (2015广东高考读写任务)Secondly, in this way, we will find a good way to practice expressing_ourselves_clearly_and_skillfully (清晰自如地表达我们自己)2(2014江西高考满分作文)In a word, so_long_as_you_insist_on_doing_so (只要你坚持这么做), you will reap a harvest. 3(2014湖南高考标准范文)However, as a boy who has athletes foot, I am looking_forward_to_inventing_a_pair_of_shoes (盼望着发明一双鞋) helping my feet keep dry and me walk conveniently.4(2014湖南高考标准范文)If_you_stop_walking(如果你停止走路), the microfan can work immediately to dry your feet.5(2014天津高考满分作文)Secondly, would you mind eating_noodles (吃面条)? 6(2015陕西高考满分作文)Im very strong healthy and I am_fond_of_dancing_and_singing (喜欢唱歌跳舞). 单元语法项目(二)现在分词 语法图解探究发现What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China?What he did was amazing.Last time, when I visited China, we saw the tour guide wearing a very pretty fur coat on the day we left.Walking in the park, she met an old friend.Not knowing the phone number, we cannot get in touch with her.我的发现以上五个句子中都含有一个现在分词，并且现在分词的作用各不相同：句exciting作定语，句amazing作表语，句wearing .作宾语补足语，句walking .作时间状语，句not knowing .作原因状语。现在分词由动词加ing形式构成，是分词的一种，在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其他的一些成分，如定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。一、现在分词的形式现在分词的时态和语态形式如下：语态形式时态形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1现在分词的一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作。We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing.我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。2现在分词的完成式表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak.由于病了两周，她感到身体十分虚弱。3现在分词的被动形式：现在分词的逻辑主语表示动作的承受者时用被动语态。(1)现在分词一般式的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作。This is one of the many dams being built along the river.这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。(2)现在分词完成式的被动式表示在谓语动作之前发生的被动动作。Having been seriously injured in the accident, he had to be taken to the hospital immediately.在事故中受伤很严重，他不得不立即被送往医院。即时演练1用所给词的适当形式填空(2015浙江高考改编)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another. (2014北京高考改编)Last night, there were millions of people watching (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.(2014江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.Having_been_given (give) such a good chance, how can I let it slip away?(2013四川高考改编)Not_knowing (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.二、现在分词的句法功能1作定语(1)单个的现在分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面。(2)现在分词短语作定语往往放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。The man speaking to us the other day has gone to Japan.那天同我们讲话的那个人已经去日本了。Do you know the number of people coming ( who will come) to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？名师点津现在分词的完成式一般不作定语。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2014大纲卷改编)Today there are more airplanes carrying (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. (2013辽宁高考改编)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting (wait) for her.(2)句型转换(每空一词)The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow.The building being built now will be our library.The building that/which is being built now will be our library.2作表语现在分词作表语是用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。常见的有：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, amusing, confusing等。The news was very encouraging that Chinese golfer Guan Tianlang was set to become the youngest player at the Masters tournament.中国高尔夫选手关天朗成为大师赛中最年轻球员的消息非常鼓舞人心。The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空The news was disappointing (disappoint)This story is very moving (move)Your achievements are inspiring (inspire)The man is annoying (annoy)3作宾语补足语(1)现在分词通常作感官动词(watch, observe, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel等)、表示状态的动词(keep, leave)或“使役”动词(get, have, make)的宾语补足语。此时，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的持续。I hear someone talking in the next room.我听到隔壁有人在谈话。We saw the steam rising from the wet clothes.我们看到蒸汽从湿衣服上升起来。(2)在“with/without名词/代词现在分词”结构中，现在分词或现在分词短语作介词的宾语补足语。His hair became grey with the years passing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。即时演练4完成句子许多人看到了船驶离了港口。(observe)Many people observed_the_ship_leaving the harbor.不要让学生整天学习。(have)Dont have_the_students_studying all day.物价上涨如此快，以至于我们买不起一所新房子。(with)With_prices_going_up so fast, we cant afford a new house.4作状语现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等。(1)现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while等引出。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。(2)现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。(3)现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料中的结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。(4)现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。即时演练5(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2015北京高考改编)The park was full of people, enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.(2015天津高考改编)Having_worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015重庆高考改编) Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars.(2014福建高考改编)Having_spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2)句型转换(每空一词)After he had turned off the TV, he began to do his homework.Having turned_ off the TV, he began to do his homework.Because she hadnt received his reply, she decided to make a call to him.Not_ having received his reply, she decided to make a call to him.The car was held up by the storm and caused the delay.The car was held up by the storm, causing the delay.三、现在分词独立结构作状语如果作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语不和句子主语一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。Class being over, the children went home.一放学，孩子们就回家了。All audience having taken their seats, the play began.所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始。四、现在分词独立成分作状语现在分词独立成分，一般已成为固定结构，表示说话人对所说内容所持的看法，其逻辑主语不要求同句子主语一致。常用的有：judging from/by由判断generally speaking 一般说来，总的来说strictly/honestly/frankly speaking 严格/老实/坦率地说considering 考虑到Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.由口音判断，他一定是南方人。Considering his age, the child reads quite well.考虑到他的年龄，这个孩子读得很好。即时演练6(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空(2014江苏高考改编)The lecture having_been_given (give), a lively questionandanswer session followed.The book written (write) in simple English, it will be more popular.(2)完成句子Generally_speaking,_girls are better at language learning than boys.一般说来，女孩比男孩更擅长学习语言。Time_permitting,_Ill go to see you.时间允许，我就去看你。His homework not_having_been_done,_the boy went out to play.他的作业尚未完成，这个男孩就出去玩了。.单句语法填空1(2016江苏高考改编)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hiding (hide) within the work.2(2013山东高考改编)Having_eaten (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. 3(2013全国卷改编)I got to the office earlier that day, having_caught (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington. 4(2013重庆高考改编)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.5(2013山东高考改编)The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner. 6The question being_discussed (discuss) is of great importance.7The US house price has risen by 12.4% over the 12 months to the end of July, completely ruining (ruin)his plan to buy another apartment.8Not knowing (know) her address, I cant write to her.9They made a great effort to prepare the exhibition, hoping (hope) to achieve a big success.10Dont leave the water r