2019年高中英语Unit15LearningSectionⅤGrammar教案（含解析）北师大版.docx

Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)虚拟语气()语法图解探究发现If I were you, I would follow his advice.If Id wanted to see them, I would have had to visit them in person.If I had time tomorrow, I would attend the concert.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.If I should do the experiment, I would do it some other way.Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract.But for the rain (If it hadnt rained), we should have arrived yesterday.Im really busy, otherwise I would certainly go with you. (otherwiseif I were not so busy)If he were alive now, he might have grown into a handsome young man.我的发现(1)句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；、句表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)句中if省略，从句的主、谓语要倒装。(3)虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，be动词一般用were。(4)、句是含蓄虚拟条件句；句是错综时间虚拟条件句，从句说明的是现在的情况，主句说明的是过去的情况。在英语中，语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，多表示与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的变化形式来表示。一、if引导的虚拟条件句1虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式所述情况从句主句与过去事实相反if主语had动词过去分词主语would/could/might/shouldhave过去分词与现在事实相反if主语动词过去式(be动词用were)主语would/could/might/should动词原形与将来事实相反if主语动词过去式if主语were to动词原形if主语should动词原形主语would/could/might/should动词原形If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她就不会找我帮忙。(现在)If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.你如果早一点儿起床，就会赶上火车的。(过去)If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。(将来)2be动词在虚拟条件句中的形式在虚拟条件句中，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)，但在现代英语中，单数情况也可以用was。但是在某些表达(if I were you, as it were等)中，be只能用were。We could ask him if he were/was here.他要是在这里，我们就可以问问他了。The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。3倒装虚拟句如果从句中有were/should/had(“had”是过去完成时的助动词)时，省略if的同时，把该词提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装。If I had had any money with me, I could have lent you some.Had I had any money with me, I could have lent you some.要是我当时有钱的话，我会借给你一些。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考改编)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had_told (tell) me, I could have helped.(2016天津高考改编)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I would_have_been_injured (injure)Were (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again.(2015江苏高考改编) It might have saved me some trouble had (have) I known the schedule.(2015北京高考改编) If I hadnt seen it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have_believed (believe) it.(2)单句改错If there was no music, the world would be very dull.waswereIf you would come tomorrow, you might see him.wouldshouldIf I have known that you were coming, I would have gone to the station to pick you up.第一个havehadI would have helped you more if I had been so busy.had后加not二、含蓄虚拟条件句1用with, without, but for等介词或介词短语代替条件句But for your help, our experiment wouldnt have been so successful.假如没有你们的帮助，我们的实验是不会如此成功的。Without your help, I couldnt have worked out the maths problem.没有你的帮助，我不可能解出那道数学题。2用or或者otherwise代替条件句I didnt attend the meeting last night, or I would have met Mr Smith.我昨晚没有参加会议，要不然的话我就能见到史密斯先生了。I wasnt invited to the party, otherwise I would have attended it.我没有接到聚会的邀请，要不然我就去参加了。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2015安徽高考改编) It is lucky we booked a room, or we would_have (have) nowhere to stay now.(2015重庆高考改编) Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt have_written (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2014浙江高考改编) They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would_have_come (come) to our help.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would_have_visited (visit) more places of interest yesterday.(2)完成句子你会用一百万美元来干什么？What would_you_do with a million dollars?没有你的帮助，我们不能及时完成这项工作。We couldnt_have_finished_the_work_in_time without your help.那时我太忙了，否则我会告诉他答案的。I was so busy then. Otherwise, I_would_have_told_him_the_answer.他打电话告知我你的生日，否则我会对此一无所知。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I_would_have_known_nothing_about_it.三、错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句，又叫混合条件句。在该条件句中，从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的不同时间选用不同的时态形式。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(现在过去)If he had followed the doctors advice, he would recover already.如果他听了医生的劝告，现在病就好了。(过去现在)If we hadnt got everything ready, we would be having a terrible time tomorrow.如果一切都没有准备好，明天我们就会碰到糟糕的情况。(过去将来)If he were to leave, you would have heard about it.如果他要走，你早就会听到这个消息了。(将来过去)即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空We would_be (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. If we had_booked (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he would_be (be) able to speak it much better now.(2)完成句子要是我以前努力学习的话，我现在就在上大学了。If I had studied hard, I_would_be_in_a_college_now.要是我早听取了你的建议的话，现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。If I had followed your advice, I_would_not_have_such_trouble.如果我不害怕蜘蛛的话，我就会将它们抓起来。If I wasnt afraid of spiders, I_would_have_picked_them_up.单句语法填空1But for the help of my English teacher, I wouldnt/couldnt/shouldnt/mightnt have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.2If you hadnt_seen (see) that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.3Had you come earlier, you would see the film star.4If he had_not_been (not be) ill, he would have done something to help us.5If I were (be) a bird, I would fly in the sky.6He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he would_have_come (come) to the meeting.7If it rained/should_rain/were_to_rain (rain) next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest.8If you had_asked (ask) him yesterday, you would_know (know) what to do now.完成句子1我本来可以多给你一些帮助的，但当时太忙了。I_might_have_given_you_more_help,_but I was too busy.2如果明天天气晴朗，我们就会出去野餐。If_it_were_to_be/should_be/were_sunny_tomorrow，we would go out for a picnic.3如果去年雨水充足的话，我们可能会有一个好收成。If we_had_had_enough_rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.4如果你听从了我的建议，昨天你就不会考试失利了。If you had taken my advice, you_wouldnt_have_failed_the_examination_yesterday.5他昨天感觉很累，不然他会帮助你们的。He felt very tired yesterday, or he_would_have_helped_you.单元语法项目(二)虚拟语气()语法图解探究发现It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language to find a good job.We suggested that she (should) go to see a doctor.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of bad habits.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.It is high time that you went/should go to school.He talks as if he knew all about it.I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming.I cant help you now. You should have told me the news earlier.我的发现(1)例句中，从句的谓语动词用(should)动词原形表示虚拟语气。(2)例句中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形表示虚拟语气。(3)例句中用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。(4)例句中，wish后的宾语从句可用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。(5)例句中用should have done表示虚拟语气，意为“本该做某事而实际上未做”。一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气句子类型应用范围从句中谓语动词的形式主语从句“It is adj./n./p.p.主语从句”，常用的形容词、名词、过去分词有：natural, necessary, possible, important; pity, shame; requested, required等。(should) 动词原形宾语从句主句谓语动词为表示“建议、命令、要求”的词，如order, suggest, require, advise等。(should) 动词原形表语从句和同位语从句跟在表示“建议、请求、命令等”主观意向的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句用虚拟语气，如advice, suggestion, demand, requirement, proposal等。(should) 动词原形It is strange that you (should) have failed to pass the exam.你竟然没通过考试，真奇怪。He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点儿动身。His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work in advance.他的建议是我们要提前完成工作。I have made a proposal that we (should) hold a party for her.我建议我们应该为她举行一个聚会。名师点津suggest表示“暗示，表明”， insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to the plan.他脸上的微笑表明，他同意这项计划。The boy insisted he hadnt broken the window.小男孩坚持说没打碎窗户。He insisted that the book was well written.他坚持认为这本书写得很好。即时演练1用所给词的适当形式填空The doctor suggested that he (should)_try (try) to lose weight.He insists that doing morning exercises does (do) good to peoples health.Our only request is that this problem (should)_be_settled (settle) as soon as possible.It is desirable that all Africans (should)_have (have) enough food and clean water.My recommendation is that you (should)_take (take) over his position.二、其他从句中的虚拟语气1Its (high) time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语动词常用一般过去时，也可用should动词原形，should一般不省略。Its time (that) we had/should have a meeting to talk about the problem.该开个会讨论一下这个问题了。2as if/as though从句以及if only后的句子常用虚拟语气as if/asthough/if only时间谓语动词的虚拟形式对过去的虚拟had过去分词对现在的虚拟一般过去时(be动词用were)对将来的虚拟would/could/might动词原形He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter.他对待这个小女孩就像她是自己的亲生女儿一样。He talked as if he had known the secret.他谈起话来好像他已经知道了这个秘密。If only I would be admitted into Beijing University next year!我要是明年被北京大学录取就好了！名师点津as if/as though从句有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时,不用虚拟语气。It is so cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain.天这么阴，似乎要下雨。3wish, would rather后的虚拟语气wish (that)从句一般过去时(be 用 were)表示对将来的虚拟would/could/might动词原形表示对过去的虚拟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟would rather从句一般过去时(be用were)表示对现在或将来的虚拟过去完成时表示对现在的虚拟I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year round.但愿我的家乡四季如春。Now I wish Id done more work, especially in maths.现在我希望自己以前多做一些功课，特别是在数学方面。He really wishes he could listen to your class again.他真的希望能再次听您讲课。Dont always make noise. Id rather you kept silent.不要老是制造噪音。我想让你保持安静。即时演练2用所给词的适当形式填空(2015天津高考改编) I wish I had_been (be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. John wants to see me today. I would rather he came (come) tomorrow.Dont you think its high time you had/should_have (have) a haircut?He felt as though he had_gone (go) back to 20 years ago.I wish I were (be) a superman like the spider man.三、should (not) have done表示虚拟语气 “shouldhavedone”表示过去应该做的事情却没有做，常含有后悔、责备、埋怨的口气，常译作“本应当，应当就好了”。“shouldnthavedone”表示过去不该做的事却做了，也常含有责备、不满的意思，常译为“本不应该”。With all the work finished, I should have gone to the cinema with you last night. 昨天晚上当所有的工作完成之后，我本来应该和你去看电影的。You should not have taken part in the competition yesterday without the doctors permission.你昨天没有得到医生的允许，本不应该参加比赛的。即时演练3完成句子他们本该在午饭时间到达的，但航班被耽搁了。(全国卷改编)They should_have_arrived_at_lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 你本该给詹姆斯写那封信的，然而你没写。You should_have_written_that_letter to James. However, you didnt.我们本不该花钱去给那么多人做检查的，他们大多数都很健康。We shouldnt_have_spent_our_money testing so many people, most of whom are healthy.用所给词的适当形式填空1Its important that the patient (should)_be_taken (take) good care of.2Look at the chaotic (混乱的) situation! If only I had_followed (follow) the instructions on the screen.3I wish that I had_gone (go) with you to see the film last night.4He suggested that our class (should)_be_div