2019年高中英语Unit4WildlifeProtectionSectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage.docx

Section Learning about Language & Using LanguageANIMAL EXTINCTIONMany animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth. The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time. There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China. The eggs of twentyfive species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province. Not long ago a rare new species of birdlike dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees. They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air. Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.extinction/IkstIkn/n.灭绝；消亡extinct adj.不再存在的；已灭绝的；绝种的dinosaur/daIns/n.恐龙come into being形成；产生(相当于come into existence)long before远远早于，long用在before前表示两个动作发生的时间相隔久远。a number of“许多的；若干的”，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of“的数量”，后接可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。inspect/Inspekt/vt.检查；视察be surprised to do sth.吃惊地做某事(to do sth.是surprised的原因)that引导宾语从句，从句中含有并列连词not only . but also连接的并列谓语，即run与climb。the bones .是省略that的定语从句，修饰the way。die out灭亡；逐渐消失unexpected/nIkspektId/adj.没料到的；意外的incident/InsIdnt/n.事件；事变，指小插曲；事件；冲突accident指意外事故dust/dst/n.灰尘；尘土；尘埃dusty adj.多灰尘的live on继续存在too hot for the dinosaurs to live on为“tooadj.for sb./sth. to do sth.”结构，意为“对来说，太而不能”。for sure无疑地；确定地(for certain)，在句中作状语。why and how共同引导宾语从句，作knows的宾语。动物灭绝第12段译文从地球有史以来的这段漫长时期，许多动物都消失了。这些动物中最有名的是恐龙。千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。当时有许多不同种类的恐龙，其中有很多种类曾经生活在中国。25个种类的恐龙蛋是在河南省南阳西峡县发现的。不久前，在辽宁省的朝阳县新发现了一种罕见的、形状像鸟一样的恐龙。科学家们观察它们的骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。科学家们是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知这些的。恐龙大约在6 500万年前突然灭绝了。有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一次意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球，因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。另外一些科学家则认为，地球变得太热，因此恐龙无法在地球上生活了。没有人确切地知道恐龙是由于什么原因，又是怎样在这么短的时间里从地球上消失的。We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds have died out more recently. According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years. The dodo is one of them. It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal. Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth.according to按照；根据所说，介词短语，后常跟名词或动名词作宾语。some adv.大约，常用于数字前，相当于about。in the last 500 years在过去的500年里，用作时间状语，相当于“over/during the past 500 years”，常与现在完成时连用。第3段译文我们知道，近来许多其他的野生动植物、昆虫和鸟类也灭绝了。根据一份联合国的报告，在过去的500年里，大约有844种动植物已经消失。渡渡鸟就是其中的一种。它生活在毛里求斯岛上，是一种非常友好的动物。请听一个关于渡渡鸟的故事，看看它是如何从地球上消失的。Step 1True (T) or False (F)1Most animals have died out during the long history of the earth._F_2Dinosaurs are the most famous of the animals that have disappeared._T_3There used to be many different kinds of dinosaurs on the earth._T_4A rare species of birdlike dinosaur could both run and climb trees._T_5Now people know the reason why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared._F_Step 2Read the text and choose the best answers.1According to the passage, what can we know about the dinosaurs?ADinosaurs were once the kindest animals on the earth.BThey lived on the earth together with humans.CThey died out for some unknown reasons.DIt was the temperature that caused them to die out.2The birdlike dinosaurs were discovered in _.AXixia County, Nanyang, Henan ProvinceBChaoyang County, Liaoning ProvinceCXixia County, Nanyang, Liaoning ProvinceDChaoyang County, Henan Province3How did scientists know that the birdlike dinosaurs could run as well as climb trees?ABy studying their eggs. BBy studying their teeth.CBy studying their bones. DBy guessing only.答案：13CBC 一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.incident n事件；事变2.fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的3.inspect vt. 检查；视察4.bite vt.&vi. 咬；叮；刺痛.拓展词汇1.extinction n灭绝；消亡extinct adj.灭绝的2.unexpected adj.没料到的；意外的expected adj.预期的；预料的3.dust n灰尘；尘土；尘埃dusty adj.积满灰尘的4.disappearance n消失disappear vt.消失appear v出现；到场5.ending n结局；结尾end v结束；终止 n结束；末端；尽头6.faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地faithful adj.忠实的faith n信仰；忠实1.bite的过去式和过去分词分别为：bit; bit/bitten 即把字母e去掉，常见还有：hidehidhid/hidden slideslidslid2.名词后缀y变为形容词dustdusty积满灰尘的healthhealthy 健康的dirtdirty 脏的rainrainy 有雨的sunsunny 阳光明媚的cloudcloudy 阴天的3.各类“事件”accident 多指偶然发生的不幸事件incident 日常小事或不太重要的事件event 主要指重要事件(国家的、社会的、边界的等)affair 事务，外交大事等happening 事件；意外事件matter 事情；问题二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.come_into_being形成；产生2.according_to 按照；根据所说3.so_that 以至于；结果4.long_before 很久以前5.used_to_. 过去常常6.not_only_._but_also_. 不仅而且7.for_sure 确定无疑地8.a_number_of 许多1.an unexpected incident一次意外事件2.in such a short time 在如此短的时间里3.too hot to live on 太热而无法生存4.in the last 500 years 在过去的500年里5.a very friendly animal 一种非常友好的动物6.as usual 像平时一样7.tens of millions years ago 千百万年前三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs. 过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。“withn.doing”复合结构。With time going_by,_we have built up a good relationship. 随着岁月的流逝，我们建立了良好的关系。2.This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left. 这是红色疣猴的唯一栖息地，但是现在所剩无几了。There be (no) . left .“(不)剩下”。Hurry up, there_is_little_time_left for us to catch up with the last bus.快点，我们赶上最后一班车的时间不多了。3.They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time. 千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。long before“很久以前”，引导时间状语从句。This all happened long_before_you_came_here,_so it had nothing to do with you. 这一切都发生在你来这儿很久以前，因此它和你无关。4.It is a pity that in the story nobody helped the dodo. 很遗憾在故事中没有人帮助渡渡鸟。it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。Its_a_pity_that you didnt pass the exam. 你考试没及格真是遗憾。 1(教材P29)What should you do if you are being bitten by mosquitoes?如果你正在被蚊子叮咬，你应该做什么？bite (bit; bitten) v咬；叮；刺痛“咬某人的某部位”表示为“bite人介词in/onthe部位”。The fierce shark bit him in the leg.这条凶猛的鲨鱼咬了他的腿。Bitten (bite) twice, my friend dare not go to my home.被咬过两次，我的朋友不敢去我家了。As the old saying goes, “Once bitten (bite), twice shy.”常言道，“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。”联想发散hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸， pat sb. on the head 拍某人的头， pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀。2(教材P30)They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。come into being 形成；产生No one knows for sure when such a custom came into being.没有人确切知道这种风俗是什么时候形成的。The Peoples Republic of China came_into_being on October 1,1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。名师点津come into being无被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。3(教材P30)When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.科学家们观察它们的骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。inspect vt.检查；视察(1)inspect sb./sth. for sth.因某事检查某人/某物(2)inspection n. 检查；视察inspector n. 检查员；视察者You should inspect the car well before you buy it.在买车之前，你应该仔细检查一番。It is said that an inspector will come to inspect our school, and he will judge our school according to his inspection.(inspect)据说一位检查员将来考查我们学校，并根据他的考查的情况来评判我们学校。4(教材P30)According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.根据一份联合国的报告，在过去的500年里，大约有844种动植物已经消失。according to按照；根据所说According to the latest survey, many animals have nearly died out.根据最新的调查，许多动物濒临灭绝。He says that everything is going according_to_the_plan.他说一切都在按计划进行。They are paid according_to how long they are employed.他们的工资随雇用时间长短而定。名师点津according to用来引用出自他人或他处的消息，不能与me, my opinion或my point of view等连用。5so that . 以至于，结果；为了，以便(1)引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号。(2)引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they can win glory for their homeland.许多运动员参加奥运会为的就是能为祖国赢得荣誉。I gave you a map so_that you wouldnt get lost!为了你不会迷路，我给过你一张地图！It hadnt rained for a few months, so_that the soil has dried out.好几个月没有下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。1After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs.过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。with black and white lines going为“withn.doing”复合结构。with复合结构如下：withn./pron.宾补She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.她来到了一个两岸长着绿草红花的小河边。With the boy leading (lead) the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home.有这个男孩带路，我们找到他家没有困难。With the key lost (lose), he had to wait outside the door.由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。With so much work to_do (do), I have no time for a holiday.有那么多工作要做，我没有时间去度假。2They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。(1)句中long before意为“早在之前；很早；很久以前”，该短语后可以接句子、名词、代词，也可以单独使用，在句中作状语。I knew Betty long before you got married to her.早在你和贝蒂结婚之前，我就认识她了。名师点津before long“不久之后”，可指将来和过去，在句中作状语，但不可以引导从句。He had taught in this school long_before the war broke out, but before_long he had to leave the school.在战争爆发之前，他早就在这个学校教书了，但不久之后他不得不离开学校。(2)It is/was not long before .“不久就”It_was_not_long_before he came to help me.不久他就来帮助我了。(3)It will be long before .“要过很久才”It will be long before we arrive.还要很久我们才能到达。.单句语法填空1According to our biology teacher, some people long to earn money by hunting wild animals.2With a lot of difficult problems to_settle (settle), the manager felt worried all the time.3John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.4One of my shoes is_being_bitten (bite) by my little dog now.5It is a rule that our luggage should be_inspected (inspect) by customs officers.补全句子1We are not sure when the universe came_into_being.我们不确定宇宙是何时形成的。2According_to_the_teacher,_he fell far behind other students as a result of laziness.据老师说，他很懒，所以他远远落后于其他同学。3Why dont you start out early so_that_you_dont_have_to_hurry?你为什么不早点出发以便你不用这么匆忙呢？4John received an invitation to dinner, and with_his_work_finished,_he gladly accepted it.约翰收到了晚宴的邀请，由于完成了工作，他高兴地接受了。5It_wasnt_long_before we worked out the plan.没过多久我们就把计划制订出来了。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1A cloud of dust (灰尘) rose in the air as the car ran past.2He faithfully (忠诚地) lived up to his promise.3People say that barking dogs dont bite (咬)4He told me some of the funny incidents (事件) that happened during his journey to Europe.5I dont feel secure (安全的) when I am alone in the house.6The story has a surprising ending (结尾)7That little boy was frightened by that fierce (凶猛的) dog.8Its difficult to raise a family on a small income (收入).选词填空1According_to the old story, he was the founder of Rome.2A new rule about smoking in public will come_into_being next month.3Wed like to arrive 30 minutes early so_that we can have time for a good rest.4He got ill long_before you came here.5I think he lives there but I cant say for_sure.本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1No matter how powerful (power) the enemy seems, we must fight against them to the end.2She must be feeling very lonely after the loss (lose) of her husband.3Do you think that work without rest will do harm to your health?4I think that a good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending (end)5He told me not to_inspect (inspect) the machine without turning off the power.6A doctors task is to work for the relief (relieve) of patients suffering.7Their sudden marriage is an unexpected (expect) incident to everyone.8After supper, I suggested going (go) for a walk.选词填空live in peace， respond to， protect . from， in danger of， in relief， pay attention to， burst into laughter， die out1You have several ways to respond_to this difficult question.2The Smiths were living_in_peace with the neighbours.3You are in_danger_of catching a cold if you dont take care of yourself.4That style of music died_out ten years ago.5He smiled in_relief after he heard the news that he had passed the exam.6Please pay_attention_to the difference between the two words.7Upon hearing the funny story, everybody burst_into_laughter.8Trees should be_protected_from the cold during winter.翻译句子1世界上很多的物种正处于灭绝的危险中。A_lot_of_species_in_the_world_are_in_danger_of_dying_out./A_great_many_species_in_the_world_are_at_the_edge_of_extinction.2看到那个滑稽的帽子，孩子们突然笑起来。Seeing_the_funny_cap,_the_children_suddenly_laughed./Seeing_the_funny_cap,_the_children_burst_out_laughing/burst_into_laughter.3应该采取一些措施保护这条河不受污染。Some_measures_should_be_taken_to_protect_the_river_from_being_polluted.4我们需要特别注意孩子们的精神健康。We_need_to_pay_special_attention_to_childrens_mental_health.5我们应该保护环境，以便我们的下一代会健康。We_should_protect_the_environment_so_that_our_next_generation_will_be_healthy.多维演练1appreciate(1)写出下列句中appreciate的含义His talents are greatly appreciated by the boss.欣赏We didnt appreciate that he was badly ill.意识到(2)单句语法填空I would appreciate it if you could have a talk with me face to face.I appreciate being_elected (elect) monitor of our class.Please accept this gift in appreciation (appreciate) of all youve done for us.2succeed(1)单句语法填空Finally, I wish this years English speech competition a great success.Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that hard work was the key to success (succeed)As far as I know, John succeeded Tom as chairman of the Students Union.I am looking forward to a long and successful (success) partnership with him.(2)补全句子只要我们有追随梦想的热情，最终我们一定能成功实现它。(2014福建高考书面表达)As long as we have the enthusiasm to follow our dream, we are_sure_to_succeed_in realizing_it at last.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Laughter Yoga (大笑瑜伽) is one form of yoga. Madan Kataria, a doctor in Mumbai, India invented it. He believed that people had forgotten how to really laugh. Through his research he made an interesting discovery. The human mind does not know the difference between forced laughter and real laughter. Forced laughter can also lead to a feeling of happiness.And then Kataria had the idea for a group of people who would laugh together. He gathered (聚集) a few of his friends together. They met in a public park in Mumbai. That small group grew and grew! And this is how people began to do Laughter Yoga. People doing Laughter Yoga usually meet together in a Laughter Club. Katarias friends formed the first Laughter Club in 1995.Today, therere over 5,000 Laughter Clubs in 53 countries. But what exactly do people do in a Laughter Club? People in Laughter Yoga meetings usually do a series of exercises. The exercises include body movement, correct breathing, and of course, laughter! At the beginning of the meeting, people may have to force themselves to laugh. But by the end, everyone is usually laughing in a real way! Each meeting is a little different. But there are common exercises groups may do.Experts say that the exercises help blood move around the body faster. They also say that Laughter Yoga helps people deal with the bad things in their lives. They say that a person may go into a Laughter Club meeting feeling sad, angry, or worried. But then, people act happy. After a time, forced laughter becomes real laughter. This is one reason why people may enjoy Laughter Yoga so much!语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大笑瑜伽的起源及其好处。1What did Kataria find out about laughter?APeople are often forced to laugh.BForced laughter works as well as real laughter.CForced laughter is more interesting than real laughter.DPeople refuse to use forced laughter to cheer them up.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The human mind . feeling of happiness.”可知，Kataria发现强制性的笑和发自肺腑的笑一样都可以使人感到愉悦。2Before 1995, people did Laughter Yoga _.Ato make friendsBin a public parkCin a Laughter Club Dto laugh at each other解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They met in a public park in Mumbai.”以及接下来描述“第一个大笑瑜伽俱乐部成立于1995年，到那时人们才开始在俱乐部练大笑瑜伽”可知，在1995年之前，人们是在公园练习大笑瑜伽的。3Paragraph 3 is mainly about _.Athe rapid development of Laughter ClubsBthe importance of laughter in Laughter YogaCcommon exercises people do in a Laughter ClubDdifferent feelings at the beginning and end of the meetings解析：选C段落大意题。第三段的主题句为“what exactly do people do in a Laughter Club”，再根据该段具体描述人们在大笑俱乐部进行的活动可知，C项符合题意。4According to experts, _.Aanyone can join in