现在完成时考点、难点全剖析.doc

考点、难点全剖析 现在完成时 一、现在完成时的含义表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。二、现在完成时的结构主语+have/has+动词的过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词done否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词done一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词doneYes,主语+have/has.No,主语+havent/hasnt（划重点，这个经常在单选中出现）过去分词：1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”:work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”:live-lived-lived,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”:study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”:stop-stopped-stopped, drop-dropped-dropped2.不规则动词AAA型burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcut cut cut cost cost cost hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread read read read(read原形和过去分词发音为/ri:d/,过去式发音为/red/) AAB型 beat beat beaten ABAbecome became become run ran run come came come ABB型bring brought brought buy bought bought build built builtburn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stoodsweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won wonABC型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokenchoose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunk fly flew flown write wrote writtenforget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown建议在平时的学习过程中自己动手整理，发现一个就把它记到自己的整理本或者笔记本上！（注意哦，一定要记在一起啊，记得在笔记本上预留他们的专属位置哟） 三、常见用法（重点）1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大标志词:already,just和yetHehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。（看电影这个是已经完成的）Hehasntcomebackyet.他还没有回来。（没有回来，对现在造成了影响）ever和neverThis is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. so far，before, recently, latelyHe has bought a new car recently. I havent heard from him Jane lately. 2. 表示动作或状态在过去某一时刻就已经开始，且持续到现在，常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点），或 how long连用: for + 时段Mary has been ill for three days. since + 过去一个时间点（自从以来）He has been a teacher since 1998.since + 时段 + agoHe has studied English since 4 years ago. since + 从句（过去时）I have lived here since I was born. It is + 时段 + since + 从句（过去时）It is three days since he arrived here. 四、易错考点+难点（重点）注意：现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。1、表示短暂意义的动词（即非延续性动词）如open, go, come, arrive, leave, lose, fallleave, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since等引导的时间段连用，（因为它们表示的动作是短暂的，而时间段并不是短暂，所以不匹配）。例：他到这里三天了.（）He has arrived here for three days.（）He has been here for three days.（）It is three days since he arrived here.（）It has been three days since he arrived here.敲黑板，划重点！这一块是经常会考到的内容，一定要注意，一定要注意，一定要注意！重要的事情说三遍！非延续性动词转化延续性动词buyhavecome beherediebedeadgobethereleavebeawayarrive/reachbeopen/closebeopen/beclosedwakeupbeawakeborrowkeep那么问题来了，如果非要把非延续性动词与一段时间连用要怎么办？嗯，这个嘛，其实有三种方法：非延续性动词转化为延续性动词将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。如：SheleftChangchun2yearsago.她两年前离开长春。用“Itis+一段时间+since从句”表示。从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式如：It has been three days since he arrived here.他到这儿已经三天了。2、现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in ，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come.她已经来了。I havent read it yet.我还没读过这个。I have met him before.我从前曾见过他。I have often seen him in the street.我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan.他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately.我近来没看到他。3、have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。专项练习题 现在完成时 一、用since和for填空。1. _two years 2._two years ago3. _last month 4. _19995. _ yesterday 6. _4 oclock7._ 4 hours 8. _an hour agoforsincesincesincesincesinceforsince二、选用have, has填空。1. I _ told him the news. have2. She _ come back from school. has3. You _ won the game. have三、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空。1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. never2. Jack has _ finished his homework. already3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. for4. “Have you _ seen the film?” ever“No, I have _ seen it.” never5. “Has the bus left _?” yet“Yes, it has _ left.” already四、单项选择。1. Dad, where is mom？She_the supermarket.A. has gone to B. has been to C. is going to D. went to2. By the time I graduate next year, I will_ here for 5 years.A. live B. is living C. lived D. have lived3. Both his parents look sad.Maybe they_whats happened to him .A.knew B.have known C. must know D.will know4. His father _ the Party since 1978 .A.joined B.has joined C. was in D.has been in5. -Do you know him well ? - Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago .A.were B.have beenC.have become D. have made6.-How long have you _ here ?-About two months .A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived7.Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A.has begun B.had begunC.has been on D.began8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone toC. went to D. will go to10. _ you ever _ to the US? Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C. Do, go D. were, going五.用适当的时态填空。1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten. lived2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. have been3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. came4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train_ (leave). has passed；left5. Mary_(lose) her pen._you_(see) it here and there?l