《大学学术英语》PPT课件.ppt

International Business English Correspondence Basics,1. principles and approaches of writing business letters.letter in good order .,2. the usual structure of a business letter and e-mails.,3. how to edit layouts and arrange the parts of a business,Objectives,4. some knowledge about products and trade organizations and arrange the parts of a business,I. An Introduction to the Course,1.What is Business English?,2. Business English vs. General English,3. International Business English Correspondence,1.What is Business English?,Business English focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business, trade, finance, and international relations. It also refers to the communication skills used in the workplace, and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations, negotiations, meetings, small talk, socializing, correspondence, report writing, and so on. People study business English for very practical reasons: to improve their work performance, enhance their prospects for promotion, or in order to find a job.,1.所谓国际商务英语, 指的是人们在从事国际商务各个领域的活动中所使用的英语, 它 涉及到专业公司、厂家及对外经济、贸易、国际金融、银行、保险、海关、物流等行 业和领域，它比外贸英语函电涵盖的面宽。商务英语是以满足职场需求为目的，内容 涵盖商务活动全过程，它以语言为载体，把核心的商务内容放到其中，以职场人员和 即将迈入职场的人员为目标，以商务活动中常用英语为重点的一种培训。归根到底， 实用性是商务英语最大的特点。,2. Business English vs. General English,People study English for different purposes. Thus English falls into two categories:English for General Purposes (EGP) and English for Specific Purpose (ESP). BusinessEnglish is a part of ESP and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching. It implies the definition of a specific language corpus and emphasis on particular kinds of communication in specific context while General English may encompass the broad vocabulary and varieties of styles found in literature and other general reading and in the world of entertainment and the media. Individuals may have interest in the culture; desire to travel or live abroad; a feeling that language skills will be useful or lead to better job prospects.,普通英语是人们在日常生活中使用最广泛的语言，人们用它来从事日常交流和传递一般 信息。商务英语属于专门用途英语，是人们在从事国际商务活动过程中经常使用的英语 ，是商务环境中使用的英语。这些活动领域包括：国际贸易、国际经济、国际金融、银 行业、海关事务和旅游等，是商务文化群体中所特有的一种英语， 其与普通英语的差异， 不仅表现在目的和意义方面， 而且表现在词语用法、句子组成和篇章的构建方面， 这是 国际商务工作者长期交际的结果。,3. International Business English Correspondence,International business consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of individuals and organizations. Correspondence means communication. When people do business at the international level, they need to communicate with each other through letters, faxes, e-mails, telephones, online chatting tools and some other modern means. Letters have been the principle and traditional channels by business firms to exchange messages for a long time. Emails can be considered the electronic version of the letter. Today E-mail has become a primary source of communication in the workplace. Therefore, this course focuses on writing good business letters in the context of international business. In international trade, a business letter not only serves as a business document, but also provides a permanent record. Successful business letters can facilitate positive and promising business dealings. This course is intended to develop skills of writing good business letter.,国际商务英语函电作为国际商务往来经常使用的联系方式， 是开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动的重要工具。正 确地掌握外贸英语函电的基本知识，并能熟练地加以运用， 是经贸英语专业学生从事外经、外贸行业必须具备的职业 技能。通过学习外贸实务中各种英文业务函件和传真以及 其它文件的写作格式，商业、术语和各种不同的表达方法， 使学生在提高英语水平的同时，熟练掌握对外贸易业务中 的基本技能，培养和提高他们的对外贸易业务工作能力。 该课程是一门理论与实践结合紧密的应用性学科。,II. Guidelines for Effective Business Correspondence,Writing Approaches for Business English Letters,Writing Approaches for Business English Letters,直接式结构用于传递令人满意或中性信息的信函,间接式结构传递令人失望的消息的商务信函尽量减少读者的不悦,2. Writing Principles for Business English Letters,To make your writing effective, you may follow some generally accepted principles. Since all these principles are begun with the letter “C”, they can be summed up as 7Cs, i.e. Clarity, Consideration, Courtesy, Completeness , Conciseness, Concreteness and Correctness.,1）清晰(clarity) 清楚是英语应用文最重要的语言特点。商务文书应主题突出，层次分明，可读性强。其内容应明白易懂，无模棱两可、含糊不清、陈词滥调等现象。为了表达的清晰性，有时需要附上范例、说明、图示等。例如： “bimonthly” 一词具有两种含义，一种是“一月两次”，另一种是“每两月一次”，因此应避免使用这类具有双重意义的词。 2）体谅(consideration) 体谅，即多从对方角度出发(you-attitude)，理解并体谅对方的需求、愿望、感情，着重正面、肯定地谈问题，尽量避免从否定角度谈。 3）礼貌(courtesy) 写商务文书应本着真诚体贴、有礼有节、不卑不亢的态度。表达方式应委婉、积极，措词得当。将命令式改为请求式或使用虚拟语气表示请求等多种方式以表达礼貌。尽速答复对方也是礼貌的表现，体现了对客户的尊重。,4）完整(completeness) 在商务英语使用过程中，我们应力求内容完整。商务英语篇章的完整性特点要求商务英语文书涵盖写信人希望收信人做出积极反应的一切情况及问题，或者回答对方来信提出的全部问题或要求。如在报盘时，需要写清商品、价格、交货时间及付款方式等。 5）简洁(conciseness) 简明指的是尽可能地用精辟的文字清楚地表达你需要表达的内容，而又毫不损坏完整、具体和礼貌。各种商务信函应当在涵盖各种必须陈述的信息的基础上做到言简意赅、文字简洁， 其语言形式要简单、直接、明了，避免使用笼统的陈旧的商业术语、怪词、难词和长句，尽量多地使用熟悉的短词和口语体词。完整性和简洁性两个特点相互制约，相辅相成。 6）具体(concreteness) 商务文书应力求具体、明确、形象，力避含糊，空泛、抽象。在给对方做出明确反应的信或答复对方的要求或问题的信中，尤其需要做到表述具体化。特别是合同、协议、通知、广告和需要做出具体答复像报盘、询问交易条款等的信函时，需要使用具体的事实和数据。在名词和动词的使用上，多使用意义明确的词。 7）正确(correctness) 所谓正确，并非仅指语法、标点和词的拼写这些基本要素。商务文书内容(如事实、数据等)必须以准确的语言和商务套语加以表达，不得出半分差错，否则会给自己公司带来重大经济损失。,III. Layout of Business Letters & E-mails,1. Layout of Business Letter,A formal business letter consists of fourteen parts in which nine parts are essential and five parts are optional.,A Nine important parts,Letterhead,Date,Inside Address,Salutation,Subject Line,Body of the Letter,Complimentary Close,Signature,Enclosure,Letter head is often printed on quality paper beforehand. It includes the essential particulars about the writer: the companies name, postal address and zip-code, telephone and facsimile numbers, websites, etc. You can see examples below:,信头：发信人公司的名称、地址、传真或电话号码。,Sample 1,(1) The letterhead,Following are some of names of trade organizations in China:,China National Cereals, oils & Foodstuffs Imp/Exp Corp. 中国粮油食品进出口公司 China National Construction Materials Imp/Exp Corp. 中国建材进出口公司 China National Arts & Crafts Imp/Exp Corp. 中国工艺品进出口公司 China National Metals & Minerals Imp/Exp Corp. 中国五金矿产进出口公司 China National Textiles Imp/Exp Corp. 中国纺织品进出口公司 China National Light Industrial Products Imp/Exp Corp. 中国轻工产品进出口公司 China National Garments & Costumes Imp/Exp Corp. 中国服装进出口公司 China National Arts & Crafts Imp/Exp Corp. 中国工艺品进出口公司 China National Petroleum Imp/Exp Corp. 中国石油进出口公司 China National Nonferrous Metals Imp/Exp Corp. 中国有色金属进出口公司,China National Electric Wires & Cables Imp/Exp Corp. 中国电线电缆进出口公司 China National Chemicals Imp/Exp Corp. 中国化工进出口公司 China National Complete Plant Imp/Exp Corp. 中国成套设备进出口公司 China National Agricultural Machinery Imp/Exp Corp. 中国农业机械进出口公司 China National Aero-Technology Imp/Exp Corp. 中国航空技术进出口公司 China National Medicines & Health Products Imp/Exp Corp. 中国医药保健品进出口公司 China Metallurgical Imp/Exp Corp. 中国冶金进出口公司 China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation 中国对外贸易运输公司 China Ocean Shipping Agency 中国外轮代理总公司 China Export Bases Development Corporation 中国出口商品基础建设公司 China Ocean Shipping Company 中国远洋运输公司,The date should be placed two or four spaces below the letterhead to the right for indented style or the left for the blocked style. The date should be written in full and not abbreviated. Spell out the name of the month, and do not show the date in figure like 11/9/2007 to avoid confusion. This is because there are two ways in writing the date.,(2) The date,写信的年、月 、日,The inside address usually consists of name of the person to whom the letter is sent, often with a social title and his or her company title, the name of the firms, and the mailing address of the firm. It appears exactly the same way as on the envelope, but not in all capital letters as on the envelope.,(3) The inside address,收信人的公司名称和地址,The salutation is the polite greetings with which a letter begins. The customary formal greeting in a business letter is “Dear Sirs” or “Gentlemen”. It should be placed two spaces below the inside address.,（4）The salutation,Often useful as a time-saver is the practice of including at the head of a letter a short title announcing the subject-matter. It is often inserted between the salutation and the body of the letter to invite attention to the topic of the letter.,（5）The subject line,对收信人的尊称,事由、标题,如“事由”在标题一栏中已给出，则写作中可采用简化的形式。且看下面信函的开头： Dear Sir or Madam, RE: Contract No. CZ-567300 Gauss Meters With reference to the 300 Gauss Meters under our Sales Confirmation No.CZ-567, we would draw your attention to the fact 在第一段里“事由”在标题一栏里已给出，因此第一句直接简化为：With reference to the above-mentioned contract, we would like to 或Referring to the captioned goods, we would like to 。,. The complimentary close is merely a polite way of ending a letter. Just as the use of Dear Sir, etc., is purely conventional, so is the use of Yours faithfully, Yours truly, Cordially yours, and similar expressions. Nowadays, Best regards is customary formal ending.,（6）The body of the letter,This part carries the actual message of the letter,（7）The complimentary close,A letter should be signed by hand, and in ink. Because many hand-written signature are illegible, the name of the signer is usually typed below the signature and followed by his job title or position.,（8）The signature,Enclosure is important in a business letter as the recipient will know that samples or pricelists are sent as well. Two line-spacings between the carbon copy notation the writer may indicate one or more enclosures in the letter. Sometimes you may use the abbreviation “Enc.”,（9）The enclosure,附件：注明随信所附的样品、样品本、价目单等,书信结束的礼貌用语,正文,写信人的署名,B The Optional Parts,（10）The references,The references may include a file number, department code or the initial of the signer of the writer. They are marked “Our ref.” and “Your ref. “ to avoid confusion. They may be placed immediately below the letterhead.,（11）The attention line,The attention line is used to direct the letter to a specific individual or section of the firm. It generally followed the inside address.,为了便于存档分类而编的号,经办人名称：希望收信商号将信速交经办部门办理。,If the copy of the letter is to be sent to a third party, type cc or CC two line-spacing below the signature or immediately below the enclosure at the left-hand margin.,(12) The Reference Notation,The reference notations are made up of the initials of the person who dictates the letter and of the secretary or typist. The initials are usually typed two line-spacing below the signature against the left-hand margin. The two sets are separated by a colon or a slant, with the dictators coming first. You may capitalize both, or neither, or only the first of the set. Eg. HW / JZ HW: JZ HW: jz HW / jz,（13）The carbon copy notation,Try to avoid the use of postscripts as far as possible, since it may suggest the writer failed to plan his letter before he wrote it or dictated it.,（14）The postscript,经办人代号 ：以便日后查对由何人主稿，由何人速记打字。,抄送：将信抄送给有关部门的标记。,再启：信写完后，如果想起还有要紧的话要说，可在信末加P.S.,引出补述的话。,2 The illustration of the position of each part mentioned above,Letterhead (1) The references (10) Date:- (2) The inside address (3) The attention line （11） The salutation（Dear Sirs,） (4),The salutation（Dear Sirs,）(4) Subject line (5) Body of the letter( Im sending you a copy of a letter by internal post that I received this morning from Brian Rogers of Avalon Industries. He says that the machine they received had a damaged case and that it did not work when turned on. Whats strange is that last week we received a fax confirming the arrival of the machine in good condition.) (6) Complimentary close (7) Signature (8) Your name and Title The Reference Notation （12） The enclosure （9） The carbon copy notation （13） Postscript （14）,缩行式信函的特点： 1）信头和封内地址每逢换行时，下一行要比上一行往右缩进23个字母的位置； 2）日期放在信纸的右上端，签名放在中间偏右下方； 3）每一段的第一行都从左边空白边缘往右缩进35个字母的位置； 4）段落之间要空12行。,1.缩行式（Indented Style）,Teaching Contents,1.Indented Form,上 海 太 平 洋 贸 易 有 限 公 司 SHANGHAI PACIFIC TRADING CO.,LTD Add: 108LAOSHANG ROAD SHANGHAI,CHINA = TEL：86Your Ref: JH/nb FAX：86Our Ref: SM/L02-0031 E-mail: = Date: September 2. 2002 To： S.M. Trading Co. Ltd. 403 Jalan Street, Toronto, Canada ATTN：Mr M. Yasin Marlic,Teaching Contents,1.Indented Form,Dear Sirs, Re: New Design Brown Bear Thank you for your E-mail expressing your interest in our products. We are now sending our quotation sheet for your selection. We also enclose a sample and are sure that you will be satisfied with their fine quality. Yours faithfully SHANGHAI PACIFIC TRADING CO.,LTD 刘世元 Sales Manager C.C : our branch office Encl. sample P.S. HW/JZ,齐头式信函的特点： 1）日期放在信纸的左上端与每行取齐。 2）签名放在左下端与每行取齐，成一垂直线。 3）每行都从左边开始取齐，段落之间要空2行。,B.齐头式或平头式（Block Style）,Teaching Contents,2.Blocked Form,FUJIAN TEXTILE IMPORT & EXPORT CORPORATION 45 BRODING STREET FUZHOU, CHINA November 30, 2001 Messrs. Williams & Warner 36 Tower Street Sydney, Australia Gentlemen: Re: SHEEP WOOL With reference to our Order TC303 of 30 September for 50 M/T Sheep Wool, we shall be glad to know when we may expect delivery, as these are urgently required.,Although in the past people could not even imagine the wonders made by modern electronic and computer technology, these tools are now nearly indispensable in modern offices. The full name of E-mail is “electronic mail”. E-mails are widely used in modern business circles, refers to computer-based whereby one computer sends a message to another via the Internet. Sending e-mail is relatively cheap, quick and messages can be sent or picked up anywhere in the world and stored in the mailbox until they are retrieved. Emails had become by far the most popular means of communication in business。 1) Structure of an E-mail Since an email is an electronic version of letter, it consists of most parts of a letter but in a simplifier form. An e-mail usually includes: Heading The heading is usually made up of the following parts: To: e-mail address of the recipient From: e-mail address of the sender (usually automatically filled in) Subject: main idea of the message Date: (usually automatically filled in) Cc: （carbon copy）recipients whom the writer wishes to publicly inform of the message. Attachment: refers to documents or photos sent with emails Body: The body part is the message of the e-mail. Paragraphs can be blocked or indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs. 2) Example,2. Layout of E-mails,发件人,收件人,抄送,附件,主题,称呼,Exercises,I. Write out the following :,1.中国化工进出口公司 2.中国包装进出口公司 3. 中国航工技术进出口公司 4.电器设备及用品 5. 礼品及工艺品,China National Chemicals Imp/Exp Corp.,China National Packaging Imp/Exp Corp.,China National Aero-Technology Imp/Exp Corp.,electrical appliances & supplies,gifts & crafts,II. Arrange the following in proper form as they should be set out in a letter,1. Senders name: China National Textile Imp.& Exp. Company 2. Senders address: 123 Hubin Road, Fuzhou, China 3. Senders Fax:Email: 4. Senders telephone number:5. Date: June 23, 2010 6. Receivers name: Muhib ULLAH Co., Ltd. 7. Receivers address: 63 Tunis Hse, Harford St., London E1, 4PR 8. Subject-matter: 5000 dozen Table Cloth 9. The message: We than