Unit4理解过程及翻译对策.ppt

Unit 4 理解过程及翻译对策,教学目的要求：通过对翻译过程的回顾，了解“理解”在翻译过程中的重要性以及如何理解英语。 教学重点：英语理解的重点：语境。 教学难点：多义词词义的确定及习语的翻译。,原文,阐释意义,译文,理解,译文表达,翻译的过程,翻译过程的重点:理解,王宗炎: 辨义为翻译之本 。 理解原文的过程是一个十分复杂的过程，是一个语义辨认、语法分析、逻辑分析三者相互作用的过程，是一个根据上下文关系进行推理演绎的过程。（宋天锡，2005：139）,He is employed in watering the garden. 他被雇来浇花。/ 他忙于浇花。 He is not a majestic personal figure like Roosevelt, and he doesnt inspire fear like Jonson. 和罗斯福一样，他不是一个代表威严的人物，和约翰逊一样他也不会让人望而生畏。X 他并不像罗斯福是一个代表威严的人物，也不像约翰逊那样让人望而生畏。,2 英语中常用词、常用短语及习惯用法的理解 1） He completed translating that novel in such short time, which made me jump out of my skin. 大吃一惊 2） The police searched him to no purpose. 警察对他仔细搜身，一无所获（毫无结果）。,3） When she and he met again, each had been married to another. 当他们重逢时，各自与另一个人结婚了。 改译：他们重逢时，一个已经娶妻，一个已经嫁人了。 4) We fanned out across the wood, scanning the ground and branches for anything that might help us find the missing girl. 我们在整个树林里散开（分头寻找），索觅地面和树枝，寻觅任何可能帮助我们找到失踪女孩的线索。,3 英语句子结构及词与词之间的关系 1） There were reminiscences, as Jerrys friends reconvened. (meet again) 杰里的朋友重逢时，便谈起许多往事。,2） The approach to the management of foreign exchange reserves by central bankers varies across the globe, ranging from a policy of neglect to detailed and highly mathematical calculations of alternative moves to reduce the risk and increase profitability. 世界各国主要银行家们对外汇交换储备的管理方法不尽相同，有的国家对外汇管理采取某些宽松的政策，有的国家则采取详细计算各种外汇储备的方式，以便减少风险，提高收益。,3）Self-service gasoline has yet to make its appearance here (in Japan) in any significant way. At the minimum, the attendants fill the tank and wipe the windshield. They often empty ashtrays and stop traffic to let the motorist back on the road. 原译： 自助加油站也总要让人看得见的方式来表现自己。服务员起码会帮你灌满油箱和揩拭挡风玻璃。他们经常清除车内的烟灰缸和帮助拦阻来往车辆，让车主把车开回正道。,Self-service gasoline has yet to make its appearance here (in Japan) in any significant way. At the minimum, the attendants fill the tank and wipe the windshield. They often empty ashtrays and stop traffic to let the motorist back on the road. 改译：在这里，真正意义上的自助加油站还没有出现。服务员起码会帮你灌满油箱和揩拭挡风玻璃。他们也会经常清除车内的烟灰缸和帮助拦阻来往车辆，让车主把车开回正道。,4根据语境，正确判断多义词的含义： 1） We provide a competitive compensation plan with exceptional benefits. If you are interested in a challenging position that requires travel and flexible hours, please fax your resume with compensation details to Pacific Information Company, 22 Fuxing Avenue, Beijing. 我们提供一项竞争的赔偿计划，还有特别的利益。如果你对一个具有挑战性的、需要 旅游和灵活机动的小时数赶兴趣的话，请把建立和赔偿计划细节用传真一道寄给北京复兴路22号太平洋信息公司。,1） We provide a competitive compensation plan with exceptional benefits. If you are interested in a challenging position that requires travel and flexible hours, please fax your resume with compensation details to Pacific Information Company, 22 Fuxing Avenue, Beijing. 改译：本公司现有一个富有挑战性的、需要经常出差和办公时间可以灵活的职位，工资待遇高，另加优厚的资金。感兴趣者请把简历和工资要求用传真一道寄给：北京复兴路22号太平洋信息公司。,2） At school the student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are very important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surroundings. 学生在上学期间，需要系统地增长知识，掌握足够的科学词汇，以便有效地进行交际。同时还要懂得一些诸如对增进健康、保障安全以及了解周围环境等有用的常识，因为这些常识在日常生活中是十分重要的。,5. 思维方式和逻辑习惯的差异: 1) Worse were the signs that Morton had enjoyed the cooperation of Dianas friends and relatives, who presumably would not have talked what the princess had told them not to. 更糟糕的是， 有迹象表明，莫顿得到了黛安娜亲友的合作，他们本不应该说出（他们说了）公主告诉他们不要说出的事。,2） Mother, I told him in no uncertain terms that I wouldnt marry him. 妈妈，我很坚决地（肯定）地告诉他了，我不愿意和他结婚。 3) I dont think we have asked for anything that they havent done. 我认为我们要求的事情，他们都一一办到了。,6习惯用语的表达 1）While they were having a long meeting, Mary was cooling her heels waiting for the results. 他们在召开一个很长的会议时，玛丽无所事事地等待结果。,2）If the government accepts his new proposal, the nation will be jumping out of the frying pan into the fire. 如果政府接受他的新建议，整个国家会陷入更坏的境地。（才出狼窝，有入虎穴） 3) Be careful when you talk to her. Never wear your heart on your sleeve. 跟她说话时可要当心，千万别向她袒露心扉。,This picture was electronically drawn by Erika Aoyama on March 11, 2003.,This picture was electronically drawn by Erika Aoyama on October 3, 2003.,4) Late last autumn, out of the blue, Sue announced she was getting married and leaving her home country soon. We were all shocked to hear that. 去年晚秋，苏出人意料地（突然）宣布她要结婚并且要离开自己的祖国，我们万分惊讶。,7 修辞手段的潜在意义： 英语修辞手段：比喻、委婉、借代、双关等。 1) The modern farming methods of the “green revolution” will produce enough food to fill those new stomachs. 现代“绿色革命”的种植技术将生产足够的粮食来填饱新出生人的肚皮。（满足新增人口的需要、填饱新增人口的肚皮）,2） He used to be painfully shy; but now hes started to blossom. 他过去一直非常害羞，但是现在他开始活泼起来。 3) He thought he was settled for life, but when he found the firm which employed him was insolvent he saw the red light and resigned. 他本以为可以终生安顿下来，可是当他发现雇佣他的公司即将倒闭时，他意识到危险，就辞职了。,8. 句子结构复杂，意群之间有时难以分开： 1) News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field near the sea. 从近海某一丰富油田的无线电中传来了消息。X 无线电传来了近海发现丰富油田的消息。 The reactionary strength thus developed, however, carried within it the seeds of its own disintegration. 然而，这样发展起来的反动力量在其内部就带有四分五裂的因素。,3）Buckingham Palacemeaning the largely blue-blooded coterie of managers who run the affairs of the royal familyhas been stampeded in the TV and tabloid rush to invade every area of formerly forbidden turf. Coterie: small group of people Stampede: sudden rush of frightened animals Turf: territory 白金汉宫里的人，也就是那一小批大都是贵族出身的管理王室事务的人，在电视和小报记者冲入原是禁区的地方时，吓得到处乱窜。,请点击并阅读： 英语中一词多义的理解与翻译,练习： To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion. And yet in the history of our nation it is a commonplace occurrence. The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries, and few of us stop to think how unique we really are. In the eyes of many in the world, this every-four-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.,对于今天在场的我们几个人来说，这是一个庄严、极其重要的时刻。然而，在我国历史上，这又是一个平常的事。 差不多两个世纪以来，根据宪法的要求有条不紊地移交权力，此次照例进行。我们当中几乎没有谁会停下来想一想，我们确实是多么独特。这四年一次的就职典礼我们习以为常，可在世界上许多人看来，完全是个奇迹。,Mr. President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition. By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other. And I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic.,总统先生，我希望我的同胞们知道你为保持/延续这个传统作出了多大的努力。在举世注目之下，你在权力交接过程中给予的(精诚)合作，向世人表明，我们是一个团结的民族，坚决贯彻我们的政治制度，它保证个人能够享受比任何其他政治制度下都要大的自由。我感谢你和你的手下人为保持连续性而给予的所有帮助，这中连续性是我们共和国的支柱。,The business of our nation goes forward. These United States are confronted with an economic affection of greater proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.,我国的事业总是向前发展的。合众国面临着极大的经济困难。我们现在遭受到我国历史上历时最久的通货膨胀，这也是最严重的通货膨胀之一。这种通货膨胀使我们的经济决策无法顺利施行，使节俭储蓄的人反而受到惩罚，不管是奋发向上的年轻人还是收入固定的老年人都受到了严重打击。它有可能使我国千百万人民的生活无法维持。