完全倒装的四种主要类型.doc

完全倒装的四种主要类型1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Heres Tom. 汤姆在这里。Theres Jim. 吉姆在那儿。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。涉及倒装的13个高考英语高频考点1. 考查never置于句首时的倒装当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）(1) Never in my wildest dreams _ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)A. I could imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldnt imagineD. couldnt I imagine(2) Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (上海卷)A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为DD）(1) Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)A. he realizedB. he didnt realizeC. didnt he realizeD. did he realize(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German (天津卷)A. haveB. didC. hadD. do 3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）(1) Seldom _ any apology when mistakes are made. A. we receiveB. do we receiveC. we receivedD. did we receive(2) Seldom _ an article that was so full of lies.A. have I readB. I have readC. had I readD. I had read4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Hardly _ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London. A. had they reachedB. they had reachedC. have the reachedD. they have reached5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为AC）(1) Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner _ than it happened. (天津卷)A. had she goneB. she had gone C. has she goneD. she has gone(2) No sooner _ mowing the lawn than it started raining.A. have I startedB. I have startedC. had I startedD. I had started6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷)A. can you findB. you could findC. you can findD. could you find7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为D）Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. (重庆卷)A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装当not onlybut also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）_ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装当notuntil句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为DA）(1) Only then _ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize(2) _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江卷)A. Only B. JustC. StillD. Yet11. 考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装当sothat句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为BB）(1) _ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business(2) So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (广东卷)A. I did findB. did I find C. I have foundD. have I found12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“也一样”“也是如此”。如：（答案为CA）(1) My room gets very cold at night. _. (江苏卷)A. So is mineB. So mine isC. So does mineD. So mine does(2) Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. _ yesterday. (福建卷)A. So was it B. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装nor neither do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“也一样”“也是如此”。如：（答案为B）If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. (全国II)A. he will either B. neither will heC. he neither will D. either he will【倒装专练】1. So _ that even the people in the next room could hear him.A. loudly he spoke B. he spoke loudly C. loudly did he speak D. loudly spoke did he2. Only when one loses freedom _ its value.A. does one know B. one does know C. does know oneD. know one does3. He never went to see her again, _ to apologize. A. nor did he write B. nor he did write C. he did write D. nor he wrote4. _ to sleep than the telephone rang once again.A. No sooner had he gone B. No sooner did he goC. He no sooner went D. He had gone no sooner5. No sooner _ down than the phone rang.A. had I satB. I had satC. have I satD. I have sat6. No sooner _ than he was asked to leave again. A. has he arrivedB. he has arrivedC. had he arrivedD. he had arrived7. Little _, but were flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.A. does he know B. he knowsC. knows him D. did he know8. Never in my wildest dreams _ to win first place last time. A. I expectedB. did I expectC. I have expectedD. have I expected9. Never before _ so many people here are still starving.A. had I knownB. I had knownC. have I knownD. I have known10. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared11. Only after my friend came _.(from )A. did the computer repairedB. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired12. _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious13. Only by shouting _ to make himself heard. A. he was ableB. was he ableC. he did ableD. did he able14. Only when we landed _ how badly the plane had been damaged.A. we realizedB. did we realizeC. had we realizedD. we had realized15. _ was the attack that we had no time to escape. A. So suddenB. Too suddenC. So suddenlyD. Too suddenly16. Not only _ a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A. do the nurses want B. the nurses wantC. did the nurses want D. the nurses wanted17. Not only _ to her, I even got her autograph! A. I spoke B. did I speakC. I have spoken D. have I spoken18. The service was terrible and _ the food.A. so thatB. so asC. so wasD. so as to【参考答案】15 CAAAA 610 CABCB 1115 CBBBA 1618 ABC部分倒装用法归纳部分倒装，即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有：1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。2. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。如：He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。4. 当虚拟条件句含有 wer