分词短语作状语详细(含详细题目分析欢迎交流指正).doc

CH-分词短语作状语以及不定式作状语Period 1:分词短语作状语1 什么是状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词等及其短语或整个句子，说明动作或特征的句子成分，叫做状语。2.状语的表现形式：(1)副词及其词组 Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。 Factories and buildings are seen here and there.到处能见到工厂和建筑物。（2）介词短语He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年。If spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.尽管有困难，我们还是继续工作。（3）不定式（短语）He is proud to have passed the National College Entrance Examination. 他因能通过高考而感到自豪。The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重，我抬不起来。（4）分词（短语）主语一直可以省略He is in the room making a model plane.他正在房间里做一架飞机模型。Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice. 他不知道怎么办才好，决定去向老师寻求意见。Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。（5）名词（短语）Wait a minute.等一下Would you please come this way.请这边走，好吗？The road is fifty kilometers long and ten meters wide.这条路有50公里长，10米宽。（6）从句Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开始，你就得继续下去。It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在没有水的地方，活是十分艰难的。I must work harder in order that I may catch up with others.为了赶上其他人，我必须更加努力学习。3.状语的分类（1）时间状语How about meeting again at six?6:00再见面怎样？When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.下雨天我通常乘公共汽车去学校。（2）原因状语Last night she didnt go to the dance because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚没有去参加舞会。Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打扰你了。（3）条件状语I shall go there if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨，我将到那里去。As(so) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英语方面取得快速的进步。（4）方式状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她十分小心地把鸡蛋放进篮子里。He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用这种方法极大的提高了他的英语水平。（5）伴随状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand.他走了进来，手里拿着一本字典。The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老师走了进来，后面跟着一群学生。（6）目的状语I went there to see a friend of mine.我去哪里去看我的一个朋友。Bring it closer so that I may see it better.把它那近些，以便我可以看得更清楚。（7）结果状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了，立刻就睡着了。He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect him.他是一位很好的老师，学生们都敬爱他。（8）让步状语She worked very hard though she is old.虽然她年纪大了，但她工作仍然十分努力。No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。（9）程度状语They were greatly moved to hear the heros story.听了英雄的故事，他们深受感动。I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。（10）比较状语I am taller than he is.我比他高。The more I speak English, the better Ill be.我英语讲得越多，就讲得越好。4.分词短语作状语的用法（高考重点）（1）分词短语做状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。Hearing the news, they got excited.（时间） 听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间) 过街口时，一定要小心。Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.（原因） 由于被蛇咬过，她很怕蛇。Given a chance, I can surprise the world.（条件） 给我一个机会，我会让世界惊奇。The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.(结果) 茶杯掉在地上，摔成了碎片。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.(让步) 被告诉了很多次，他仍旧犯同样的错误。The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.(伴随状况)老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。（2）分词短语作状语的形式有以下五种：形式意义doing与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中的谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生意思是1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）having done与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生意思是1）表主动 2）表先于“主句”谓语动词发生being done与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般做原因状语置于句首意思是1）表被动 2）表同时进行done与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系意思是1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。意思是1）表被动2）表先于“主句”谓语动词发生练习分析：1. D to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.A. Determing B.To be determined C. To determine D. Determined 分析：方法一（打回原形）来源句型 Sb is determined to do sth, 这里的determined是个形容词，来源于过去分词determined，我们说过所有的分词都可以当做形容词来看待。现在我们把这里的determined当做它的本源过去分词看待。这句话就等于：After George is determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.去掉连词after，相同的主语George，去掉be动词Determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.这里的determined来源于be determined,是被动语态的分词，直接用就可以了，既然已经是分词了，我们就不需要做任何变化了。方法二（一一排除）：A.Determining, doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或），句中是有主动的意思，可是没有同时进行的意思，是先觉得，然后才去站队买票。C.不定式，暂不做分析。D .determined， done表示 1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）从句型be determined to do sth看有被动，有完成（下定了决心，然后去站队买票），另外与sb determine to do sth不用的是前者表示状态，后者表示动作，既然是状态就暗含了已经处于该种状态的意思或者说完成。问问：如果用sb determine to do sth，该如何改写这个句子呢？答：After George has determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.去掉after,George后,剩下了has determined, 这里的determined是个过去分词，有同学问可不可以直接用determined，我的回答是如果不是碰巧有sb be determined to do sth 这个句型，是不可以的。回到主题来，has determined 要把has变成过去分词，因为五种分词短语做状语并没有had done这种结构，所以只能将has determined变成Having determined. 也就是说，如果有E选项是 Having determined 我们可以选择。2. Having Finished his homework, he went out.(T) Finished his homework, he went out.(F) Finishing his homework, he went out.(F)方法二：having done表示1）表主动 2）表先于“主句”谓语动词发生，他完成了作业后，然后出去了。符合以上两点。 Done，表示意思是1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或） 他做作业，不是作业做他，所以不符合1）表被动，2)虽然是完成，但是并没有表明先于“主句”谓语动词发生。 finishing，doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）主动没错，但是没有同时进行的含义，毕竟是先完成作业，然后才出去的吗，动作有个先后顺序。 再来看方法一：打回原形比较一下几个句子：After he finishes his homework, he will go out.After he finished his homework, he would go out.After he had finished his homework, he went out.纵向比较（句子内部比较）： after引导的从句总是比主句的时态退后一步。横向比较（句子之间比较）：从上到下，主句和分句的时态同时退后一步,finishes变成finished，will变成would。 我们来看第三个句子，after去掉，相同的主语he去掉，had finished变成having finished就可以了。那么如何变前面两个句子呢？这个就有点复杂了。按照我们通常的打回原形的方法，去掉after,he,因为是主动把determines,或者过去时动词determined变成determing不就可以了吗？现在问题来了,determing，是doing表示的是1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）主动是没有错，问题是不是同时进行呀。所以这种通常的做法在这里行不通了，我们还是不得不用Having determined.既表示主动，又表示先于“主句”的动词。看第三个例句，我们来进一步认识一下having done的用法。3. Because the boy has lost the key, the boy cant enter the house. Because the boy had lost the key, the boy couldnt enter the house.把第一句的主句和分句的时态同时退后一步，就得到了第二句话。用方法一，打回原形：去掉连词because，去掉相同的主语the boy,分句就剩下has lost the key和had lost the key了，这时候把has和had想办法变成分词的形式就可以了。有人会问：直接把has和had删去，lost不就是分词吗？问题是如果这样，我们就同时删去了has和had所蕴含的“先于主句谓语动词发生”的意义了。把has和had变成现在分词having就可以了。有人又问：变成过去分词had不可以吗?我的回答是不可以，因为我们所列的五种分词作状语的表现形式并没有had done，所以我们只能选择用having done.4. Seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.Seeing from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful.这两句话都是对的，我们用两种方法来分析它们。方法二：第一句：seen, done 表示1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或），our school当然是被看，所以表被动没有问题，第二层意思我们取“或”，没有这层意思。 第二句：seeing，doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或），“主句”的主语是we，表主动没有问题，表同时进行，这里也是取“或”，没有这层意思。方法一：打回原形：If our school is seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.If we see from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful.(这里的see是vi.)第一句去掉if，去掉相同的主语the school，去掉be动词，直接用seen这个过去分词就可以了。第二句去掉if，去掉相同的主语we, see这个动词是个一般现在时态的动词原形，要把它变成分词才可以。因为是主动，所以我们把它变成现在分词seeing就可以了。5. A down the street the other day, I saw a terrible accident.A. Walking B. Walked C.To walk D.Having walked分析：我沿着街走的同时，我看到了车祸。此句话包含两层意思：1.主动 2.同时发生 符合doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）所以选A没有任何问题。请按照，done和having done蕴含的意思去分析B，D两个选项。C不定式我们以后再做分析。6. C in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. To dress B. Dressing C. Dressed D. To be dressed.分析：为了了解dress的用法，请先看牛津高阶词典有关dress的例句：* Hurry up and get dressed! 快点穿上衣服! * Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗? * He was dressed as a woman, ie wearing a womans clothes. 他男扮女装. * a woman dressed in green 穿着绿衣服的女子.我们来看例句Hurry up and get dressed! = You hurry up and you get dressed! Sb get dressed 与sb is dressed 不用的是前者是动作，后者是状态。表示某人穿什么颜色的衣服有个比较常用的表达式Sb is dressed in red/white/black-方法一：If the girl is dressed in white, she looks much more beautiful.If去掉，相同的主语the girl去掉，be动词去掉。过去分词dressed直接保留，这里的done，同样1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）的含义。有同学问不是有sb dress herself这个短语吗，那么为什么不能选择B.Dressing这个选项呢？答：如果题干是 herself in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. To dress B. Dressing C. Dressed D. To be dressed.题干多了一个单词herself，这题正确答案就是B. Dressing了。打回原形看下：If she dresses herself in white, she looks much more beautiful.7 D good care of , the old man is living a happy life.B. Taking B.To be taken C. Having taken D. Taken分析：表示被动，完成，用Done，所以选D。C选项表示如果改成Having been taken 就可以选了。请自已去分析，分析不明白的话，记得第一时间问老师。8. A automatically(自动地)，the email will be received by all the club members.A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out 分析：email被发出去后，将会被收到。有两层含义：被动，完成。所以选A。D项要改成Having been mailed ,可以考虑选D。其他自己分析，不懂问老师。9.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always A the same thing.A.saying B. said C. to say D.having said分析：该句要表单主动以及和answer carelessly这个“主句”谓语动词同时发生两层含义。所以算A.saying10. B for the break down of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blamed D. To be blamed分析：本句要表达被动和完成两层含义，所以选B，具体情况自己分析。最后补充一句不定式的例题：11. C this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar a