2017年考研英语模拟题汇总.doc

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！2017年考研英语模拟题汇总Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of dollars often depend on the choice of which commercial to use in launching a new product. Soyou show the commercials to a 1 of typical consumers and ask their opinion. The answers you get cansometimes lead you into a big 2 . Respondents may lie just to be polite.Now some companies and major advertising 3 have been hiring voice detectives who test your normalvoice and then record you on tape 4 commenting on a product. A computer analyzes the degree anddirection of change 5 normal. One kind of divergence of pitch means the subject 6 . Another kindmeans he was really enthusiastic. In a testing of two commercials 7 children, they were, vocally, aboutequally 8 of both, but the computer reported their emotional 9 in the two was totally different.Most major commercials are sent for testing to theaters 10 with various electronic measuring devices.People regarded as 11 are brought in off the street. Viewers can push buttons to 12 whether they areinterested or bored.Newspaper and magazine groups became intensely interested in testing their ads for a product 13 TVads for the same product. They were interested because the main 14 of evidence shows that people 15a lot more mental activity when they read 16 when they sit in front of the TV set. TV began to be 17“a low-involvement” 18 . It is contended that low involvement means that there is less 19 that the admessage will be 20 . (257 words)Notes: commercial 广告。pitch音调。1. A pack B flock C multiple D bulk2. A loss B panic C benefit D surprise3. A hosts B advocates C agencies D opponents4. A as B if C though D while5. A toward B into C from D to6. A aggravated B lied C boasted D misunderstood7. A with B about C on D of8. A conforming B agreeing C conceiving D approving9. A involvement B response C reflection D mood10. A fed B supplied C provided D equipped11. A independent B ordinary C typical D average12. A demonstrate B designate C debate D indicate13. A as with B against C as to D under14. A number B series C body D proportion15. A exhibit B extend C expand D exert16. A or B than C and D versus17. A regarded B labeled C assumed D recognized18. A means B method C medium D measure19. A opportunity B scope C chance D capacity20. A rejected B reviewed C revived D rememberedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Text 1In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public office,taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held byany population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, specialinterest groups, and opinion leaders.Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably donot share the same views as white collar, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimeshave perspectives different from those of full time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapesones view of current events.The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Governmentofficials note how mail from the public tends to “follow the headlines”. Whatever is featured in newspapers andmagazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to expressopinions.The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues thanbefore. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remainlocalized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usuallyviewed by voters as local contests. Todays elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs.In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days of FranklinD.Roosevelt and his “fireside chats”, presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads ofCongress to advocate their programs.Special groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance,tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens organizations thatlobbied to halt the use of nuclear power. During the 1960s the American Medical Association conducted anunsuccessful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of Medicare.Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, show business personalities, andcelebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight withsome segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel prizewinners, are suddenly thrust into publicview by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential inshaping views on complex issues.21. The second paragraph is mainly about the influence of .A gender on peoples view B peoples status on their viewC living standard on peoples view D different ranks on peoples view22. The expression “follow the headlines” (Line 2, Para. 3) shows .A people seldom have time to read newspaper articlesB people think the headlines contain the most important informationC people often get their opinions from newspapers or televisionD most people look on newspapers or TV as misleading23. Which of the following suggests the role of TV in the shaping of public opinion?A TV programs have a strong influence on governmental policy.B Chats on televisions are chief means for running for presidency.C More and more people show interest in politics because of TV.D Before the use of TV, people showed little interest in politics.24. It is obvious that the opinions of famous people .A is often ignored by the public B is seldom expressed to the pointC is often imposed on the public D has a strong influence on people25. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A The viewpoints of people in different circumstances are totally different.B The mass media is the most important means that influences peoples opinions.C Some interest groups sometimes are not on the behalf of common people.D The views of the public are influence by famous public figures because their opinions are morereasonable.Text 2For the generation that grew up during the feminist revolution and the rapid social change of the 1960s and1970s, it at first seemed achievement enough just to “make it” in a mans world. But coupled with their ambition,todays women have developed a fierce determination to find new options for being both parent and professionalwithout sacrificing too much to either role or burning themselves out beyond redemption.Women have done all of the accommodating in terms of time, energy and personal sacrifice that is humanlypossible, and still they have not reached true integration in the workplace. For a complicated set ofreasons-many beyond their control-they feel conflict between their careers and their children. All but a rarefew quickly dispel the myth that superwoman ever existed.For many women, profession and family are pitted against one another on a high-stakes collision of theirprofessions. In the home, men and women struggle to figure out how dual-career marriages should work. Roleconflict for women reaches far beyond the fundamental work/family dilemma to encompass a wholeconstellation of fiercely competing priorities. Women today find themselves in an intense battle with a societythat cannot let go of a narrowly defined work ethic that is supported by a family structure that has not existed fordecades. The unspoken assumption persists that there is still a woman at home to raise the children and managethe household. But the economic reality is that most people, whether in two-parent or single-parent families, needto work throughout their adult lives. As a consequence, the majority of todays mothers are in the labor market.The first full-fledged generation of women in the professions did not talk about their overbooked agenda orthe toll it took on them and their families. They knew that their position in the office was shaky at best. Withvirtually no choice in the matter, they bought into the traditional notion of success in the workplaceusuallyattained at the high cost of giving up an involved family life. If they suffered self-doubt or frustration about howhollow professional success felt without complementary rewards from the home, they blamed themselves-eitherfor expecting too much or for doing too little. And they asked themselves questions that held no easy answers:Am I expecting too much? Is it me? Am I alone in this dilemma? Do other women truly have it all?Until now, this has been a private dilemma, unshared, as each woman was left to forge her own uniquesolution to merging her dual loyalties to work and family. Too often she felt that alone had failed to achieve acomfortable balance between the two.26. According to the passage, todays women .A want to achieve a balance between her loyalties to work and familyB are stronger advocates of gender equality than the older generationC do not want to sacrifice anything at all for the desired liberationD are getting no nearer to achieving their ambition27. The myth held by some “superwomen” is that they can .A reconcile their careers with parental responsibilities.B devote themselves to their career without regard for their childrenC resist the temptation of their ambition to make great achievementsD resolve the conflicts between their careers and children without any sacrifice28. In what way do women today find themselves in an intense battle with the society?A The society regards women as less able to perform social tasks.B Women do too much about their career and too little about their families.C The society still holds the traditional image about a family.D Women no longer regard the family as a basic unit of the society.29. When women fail to achieve a balance between work and children, they .A let things go their own courses B admit that they are not superwomenC usually choose to give up their work D often blame themselves for it30. The authors attitude towards womens dilemma seems to be one of .A suspicion B indifference C irony D sympathyText 3One of the earliest changes experienced by newly modernizing countries is the reduction of infectiousdisease through the diffusion of public health technology. Public health technology lowers the death rate,especially among infants and children, causing rapid population growth. Since most of the people of lessdeveloped nations live in rural areas that cannot absorb the increased population, unemployment presses peopleoff the land. They tend to migrate into urban areas where newly developing industry and commerce and modernconsumer goods and services offer hope for employment and a better life. Unfortunately, the opportunities aremore apparent than real; and often the transition is more painful than pleasant.In the course of the transition from agrarian life to modern urban living, the family undergoes major changesin function, structure, relations, and style. Functionally, the family changes from a production unit to aconsumption unit. No longer is there need for a large multi-worker household to operate the familys farminterests, and the extended family household changes to the one containing only a core nuclear family. In the citychildren become economic liabilities rather than economic assets, and eventually families have fewer of them.Wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force and become free to pursue extrahousehold activities.The modern economy forces work outside the home away from kinfolk. Not the father but also the mother isforced into the marketplace or factory to obtain enough money for the family to survive in a pecuniary economy.Without the extended family household, no one remains at home to supervise children, so they are left on theirown. They may be sent into the streets to earn money. Daily life becomes filled with more secondary thanprimary relations. There is an erosion of family control over individual members.Scarce urban housing forces overcrowding in both dwelling and neighborhood. Dense structures withcommon halls, stairways, and utilities cause more intensive contact with neighbors than in rural villages. Loss ofrural courtyards, oven rooms, and large family areas drives group activities such as cooking, eating, and sittinginto small rooms or city streets. More positively, household furnishings change as families are able to acquire thehigh-status accoutrements of modern living such as kerosene burners for cooking(replacing dung cakes)and beds(instead of mats).31. The spread of public health technology .A lowered the birthrate B decreased infectious diseaseC created more employment opportunities D eradicated the infectious disease32. By “wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force”, the author meansthat .A many women are no longer able to join the labor forceB many women become too weak to workC many women refuse to have childrenD the major job for women is no longer to give birth to and bring up children33. The first sentence of Paragraph 3, “The modern economy forces work outside the home away fromkinfolk” means that .A the forces of modern economy operate beyond the influence of the familyB the forces of modern economy are going out of the familyC modern economy forces work to go out of the familyD modern economy forces work which is outside the home to move away from family members34. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A In todays city life, nobody is willing to stay home to supervise children.B Todays city family has very weak control over its members.C Extended families from the countryside survive only in mutual activities.D All immigrants from abroad need help from relatives to become independent.35. According to the author, it is good that .A neighbors in cities have more intensive contact with one another than rural people.B group activities such as cooking, eating, and sitting take place in small rooms or city streetsC families are able to acquire the high-status accoutrements of modern livingD there is a cultural lag in the U.S.Text 4Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least,is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But suchbehavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. Onesays that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day,but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after adecade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it.The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement(REM) sleep,when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind theeyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period ofsleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task duringthe day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible,in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times gotfaster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern-what isreferred to as “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when thepattern was present than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn (i.e., the” grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing thebutton) have more active brains. The “editing” theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevantstimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learningas opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went tosleep.The