英语中形容词的用法84778.ppt

一、形容词的定义 形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或 事物的性质, 状态,和特征。 二、形容词的用法： 1. 作定语，一般放在名词之前, 不定 代词 something，anything，nothing， everything 等之后。 eg. Its a sunny day today. 今天是个阳光灿烂的日子。 She has a red coat. 她有一件红色的外套。 Would you like something hot to drink？ 你想喝点热饮料 吗？ 我有重要的事要告诉你。 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？ 这儿一点都不危险。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. There is nothing dangerous here. 2. 作表语，放在系动词的后面。 eg. He looks happy today. 他今天显得很高兴 I feel very tired after playing football. 踢球之后我觉得很累。 3. 形容词用作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后 。 eg. Dont keep the door open. 别让门敞着。 His success made him happy. 他的成功让他感到幸福。 4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词， 表示一类人。 常见的形容词有：good / bad, rich / poor, young / old, deaf / blind, black / white, living / dead 等。 4.eg. The old often think of old things. 老年人经常回想往事。 The new always take the place of the old. 新生事物总是会取代旧的事物 。 5.多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其顺序为: 限定词（冠词指示代词形容词性物 主代词）数词描绘性形容词（大小、长 短、高低、形状 、 年龄、新旧 、颜色 ） 国籍地区出处物质材料用途类 别 + 名词 A small round table 一张小圆桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院 1.One day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 2. - How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _ days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 1.副词的作用: 用来修饰动词.形容词.其它副词.全句或 名词词组及句子 用 法例 句 作表语语My mother is out 作定语语The girl there is my friend 作状语语He runs fast 作宾补宾补I found him outside 二 、副词 2.有许多副词是对应的形容词 加ly构成 real really 如: strong strongly 词尾是y的要把y变为i再加 ly, 如:busy busily happy happily 有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y, 如:true truly terrible -terribly 以e结尾的,大部分直接加-ly, 如:wide widely brave bravely good的副词是well. well 也可作形容 词用，但只有唯一的意思healthy 健康的 hard 既是形容词也是副词,作形容词 是“困难的”difficult，作副词是“努 力地”。 hardly的意思是“几乎不”它和hard没 关系 用词的适当形式填空用词的适当形式填空 1 He works very _. He _ 1 He works very _. He _ has a rest on Sunday. (hard)has a rest on Sunday. (hard) 2 _, he didnt fail in the 2 _, he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)exam.(luck) 3 He was so _ that he couldnt 3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news. (surprise)believe this _ news. (surprise) 4 He wont do it. I wont do it, _. 4 He wont do it. I wont do it, _. (too)(too) hardhardhardlyhardly LuckilyLuckily surprisedsurprised surprisingsurprising eithereither 5 Mr. Green is feeling _ enough to 5 Mr. Green is feeling _ enough to go to work. (good)go to work. (good) 6 The old man looks very _ 6 The old man looks very _ than you think. (friend) than you think. (friend) 7 This box is not so _ as that one. 7 This box is not so _ as that one. (heavy)(heavy) 8 Lucy jumped _ of the four. (high)8 Lucy jumped _ of the four. (high) wellwell more friendlymore friendly heavyheavy highesthighest 形容词和副词形容词和副词 比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 1) 1) 一般情况加一般情况加 er er 或或 est est fast fastfast fasterer fast fastestest high high high higherer high highestest clever cleverclever clevererer clever cleverestest 规则变化规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 2) 以字母以字母 e e 结尾加结尾加 rr 或或 stst fine finfine fine er r fin fine est st late latlate late er r lat late est st nice nicnice nice er r nic nice est st 规则变化规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 3) 3) 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音 字母时字母时双写双写加加 erer 或或 estest fat fatfat fatt terer fat fatt testest big big big bigg gerer big bigg gestest thin thin thin thinn nerer thin thinn nestest 规则变化规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 4) 4) 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y y 结尾变结尾变 y y 为为 i i 加加 erer 或或 estest early earl early earli ierer earl earli iestest easy eas easy easi ierer eas easi iestest lucky luck lucky lucki ierer luck lucki iestest 规则变化规则变化 部分双音节和多音节词部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加在词前加 moremore 或或 mostmost slowly - slowly - moremore slowly - slowly - mostmost slowly slowly easily - easily - moremore easily - easily - mostmost easily easily carefully - carefully - moremore carefully carefully - - mostmost carefully carefully 不规则变化不规则变化 good/well good/well betterbetter bestbest many/much many/much moremore mostmost little little lessless leastleast far far fartherfarther farthestfarthest ( far ( far further further furthestfurthest ) ) bad/badly/ill bad/badly/ill worseworse worstworst 形容词和副词形容词和副词 比较级和最高级的用法比较级和最高级的用法 1)1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时表示两者（人或事物）的比较时 用比较级，通常用连词用比较级，通常用连词 thanthan 引导，引导， 表示表示“较较”或或“更更 一些一些”的意思的意思 * *This cake is This cake is more delicious more delicious thanthan that one. that one. *Li Lei jumped *Li Lei jumped farther thanfarther than Jim (did).Jim (did). 2) 2) 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）表示三者或三者以上（人或事物） 的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要 加定冠词加定冠词thethe，后面可带后面可带ofof（in,amongin,among ）短语来说明比较的范围短语来说明比较的范围 * *Shanghai isShanghai is the biggestthe biggest citycity inin China.China. *Lucy sings*Lucy sings (the) best of(the) best of all.all. *He is*He is the most careful amongthe most careful among us.us. 3) 3) 在表示在表示 “ “和 和一样一样” ” 和和 “ “不及不及” ” 这类概念时，可这类概念时，可 以用以用 “ “as+as+原级原级+as+as” ” 和和 “ “notnot asas （soso）+ +原级原级+as+as”的句型的句型 * *Our teacher is Our teacher is as as busy busy asas before. before. *He does not run *He does not run so (as)so (as) fast fast asas I. I. 4) 4) 可用可用much, still, a little, even, much, still, a little, even, far,three yearsfar,three years等等表示程度的状语表示程度的状语 来修饰比较级来修饰比较级 * *She is She is muchmuch taller than Mrs.Liu. taller than Mrs.Liu. *He is *He is three yearsthree years older than I. older than I. *This problem is *This problem is a littlea little more more difficult than the other one.difficult than the other one. 5)5)几种比较级的使用句型几种比较级的使用句型 1.“ 1.“ 比较级比较级 + and + + and + 比较级比较级 ” 表示表示“ “ 越来越越来越 ” *Your English is getting*Your English is getting better and betterbetter and better. . 你的英语越来越好了。你的英语越来越好了。 * *These daysThese days more and moremore and more people are people are learning English.learning English. 现在学英语的人越来越多了。现在学英语的人越来越多了。 2. “2. “the + the + 比较级，比较级，the + the + 比较级比较级 ” 表示表示“ “ 越越就越就越 ” * *The more, the betterThe more, the better . . 越多越好。越多越好。 * *The busierThe busier he is,he is, the happierthe happier he feels.he feels. 他越忙越高兴。他越忙越高兴。 3.“ 3.“ more (less) thanmore (less) than ” ”表示表示 “ “不止，不到不止，不到” * *She is She is moremore than thirty. than thirty. 她三十多岁了。她三十多岁了。 * *The lightest weighs The lightest weighs less thanless than 50 50 kilograms. kilograms. 最轻的不到五十公斤。最轻的不到五十公斤。 4.“4.“more or lessmore or less”表示 表示“差不多差不多 ，或多或少，或多或少” * *The problem isThe problem is more or less more or less solvedsolved . . 这个问题差不多已经解决了。这个问题差不多已经解决了。 * *Is it straight?Is it straight? More or less.More or less. 它直吗？它直吗？ 差不多吧。差不多吧。 6)6)注意点注意点 1.1. 形容词最高级前一定要用形容词最高级前一定要用thethe，副副 词最高级前可省略词最高级前可省略 2.2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在在比较级中为了避免重复，在thethe后后 常用常用oneone，thatthat，thosethose等词来替代前等词来替代前 面提到过的名词面提到过的名词 3. 3. * *This pen is shorter than that This pen is shorter than that oneone. . *The weather here is warmer than *The weather here is warmer than thatthat of Shanghai. of Shanghai. 3.3.用用oror连接两项需作比较的内容连接两项需作比较的内容 时，须用比较级；若时，须用比较级；若oror连接三项或连接三项或 三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级 * *Who is taller, Mary Who is taller, Mary oror Jane? Jane? *Which is biggest, the sun, the *Which is biggest, the sun, the moon moon oror the earth? the earth? 7)7)掌握几种同义句转换掌握几种同义句转换 1. He is taller than any other student 1. He is taller than any other student in his class. in his class. = = He is taller than the other students in He is taller than the other students in his class.his class. = He is taller than any of the other = He is taller than any of the other students in his class.students in his class. = He is the tallest (student)in his class.= He is the tallest (student)in his class. 3. I prefer maths to English.3. I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. =I like maths better than English. 4. The box is too heavy for him to 4. The box is too heavy for him to carry.carry. = The box is so heavy that he cant = The box is so heavy that he cant carry it.carry it. = The box is not light enough for = The box is not light enough for him to carry.him to carry. Exercises Exercises c 选择选择 ( )1 Who gets home usually _ in your ( )1 Who gets home usually _ in your family?family? A. the latest B. later A. the latest B. later C. early D. as late C. early D. as late ( )2 The more we looked at the picture, _.( )2 The more we looked at the picture, _. A. we like it less B. the less we liked it A. we like it less B. the less we liked it C. better we liked it D. it looked better C. better we liked it D. it looked better ( )3 What a pity. Lucy ran _ than Lily.( )3 What a pity. Lucy ran _ than Lily. A. a few more slowly B. a little more slowly A. a few more slowly B. a little more slowly C. much more slowly D. little C. much more slowly D. little slowlierslowlier A A B B B B ( )4 Dont worry. Your baby is looked after ( )4 Dont worry. Your baby is looked after _ here, the nurse are very _._ here, the nurse are very _. A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful C. care, careless D. careless, care C. care, careless D. careless, care ( )5 The idea became _ . He wanted to try ( )5 The idea became _ . He wanted to try _._. A. A. stranglystrangly, it out B. , it out B. stranglystrangly, out it , out it C. strange, it out D. strange, out it C. strange, it out D. strange, out it ( )6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China.( )6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China. A. the first B. one of C. the second D. second A. the first B. one of C. the second D. second B B C C C C 7、The bread is _ than these cakes A、very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious 8. Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far 9. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _ A.happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest 10.which is _ season in Beijing ? A.good B. better C. best D. the best C C A D 11. I think Yao ming the famous basketball player , he will be _ new Star in NBA A.hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest 12. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in August A.hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter 13. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in china A.large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 14. An elephant is _ than a tiger A.heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier D D C D 15. A horse is _ than a dog A.Much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier 16. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _ A.Care B. careful C. carefully D. careless 17. Which subject is _ , physics or chemistry ? A.Interesting B. most interesting C. More interesting D. the most interesting C D C 18. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box A.strong B. stronger C. much stronger . D. the strongest 19. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy A. less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 20. When the famous singer started to sing , everyone began to shout very _ A.loudly B. loud C.heavily D. high A A A 形容词练习： 21. This coat is a bit too for me. Do you have a size in blue.? A. small, big B. small, bigger C. small, bigger D. small, big 22. He is so tired that he fell as soon as he lay down