深松小麦施肥播种机毕业设计

SHANDONG 毕业设计说明书深松小麦施肥播种机设计学 院： 农业工程与食品科学学院专 业 ：农业机械化及其自动化学 生 姓 名 ：郑元坤学 号 导 教 师 ：杨善东2017 年 6 月摘要I摘 要此论文主要讲述的是深松小麦施肥播种机的设计，它是一种近年来新兴起的全能型小麦播种机具，主要特点是施肥效率高、播种均匀、改善土壤结构并且能使小麦获得良好的生长发育条件。深层疏松土壤是提高农作物产量的重要途径，对促进农业得到更好地发展，确保中国农作物高产具有极其重要的意义。在拖拉机向前运行过程中，凿形深松铲深入地面以下 30 厘米左右，在拖拉机牵引下完成了深层疏松土壤的过程；与此同时发动机的动力通过万向节和变速箱传递给凿形深松铲后面的旋耕机构。旋耕机构采用全幅旋的方式对小麦的苗带行的泥土进行全面的旋耕，旋耕深度在 15 厘米左右。紧接着旋耕机构后面的箭形开沟器开出小麦的苗带，为小麦的播种做出准备。排种器和排肥器的动力来自于机架后方的镇压轮，排种器排出的小麦种子通过导种管进入宽苗带排种口，宽苗带排种口的宽度为 12 厘米，与苗带宽度一致，实现宽苗带播种；排肥器通过排肥管与深松铲相连，在深松铲完成对土壤的深松的同时实现深层施肥。本机器并未设置覆土板，原因是旋耕刀向后抛起的泥土遇到挡土罩壳后既起到碎土的功能，破碎后的泥土直接落到未覆盖的苗带上，经过覆盖泥土的小麦种子经由镇压轮的镇压后便完成了全部的播种的过程。关键词：凿形深松铲，深层施肥，宽苗带播种，镇压 IIAbstractIIIAbstractThis paper is mainly about the design of the deep wheat fertilization planter, which is a new type of all-round wheat sowing machine in recent years. The main features are high fertilization efficiency, uniform planting, improvement of soil structure and good wheat Growth and development conditions. Deep loosening of soil is an important way to improve crop yield, which is of great significance to promote the development of agriculture and ensure the high yield of Chinese crops. During the tractor running forward, the chisel-shaped deep shovel is deepened below the ground for about 30 centimeters, and the process of deep loosening of the soil is completed under the tractor traction. At the same time, the engines power is transmitted to the chisel through the universal joint and the side gearbox Shaped tillage machine. The rotary tillage mechanism adopts the full rotation method to carry out the comprehensive rotation of the soil of the wheat seedling line, and the depth of the rotary tillage is about 15 centimeters. Immediately after the rotary tillage mechanism of the arrow-shaped opener out of the wheat seedling, for wheat planting to prepare. The crusher wheel drives the power through the chain drive, forcing the outer shearing unit and the extruder to rotate. The seed of the wheat seed is discharged into the wide seedling through the guide tube, and the width of the wide seedling 12 cm, consistent with the width of the seedling belt, to achieve broad seedling with sowing; row of fertilizer through the fertilizer pipe and deep loose shovel connected to the deep loose shovel to complete the deep soil while deep fertilization. The machine is not set off the cover plate is due to the rotation of the knife after the pile of soil encountered after the shelter cover both play the role of broken soil, broken soil directly onto the unused cover tape, after covering the soil Of the wheat seed through the suppression of the suppression of the wheel after the completion of all the sowing process.Key words: Chisel deep loose shovel, deep fertilization, wide seedling with sowing ，squelchIV目录V目 录摘 要 .IABSTRACT.III目 录 .VI第一章 引 言 .11.1 课题的背景和意义 .11.2 国内外小麦播种机发展现状 .21.2.1 国外小麦播种机发展现状 .21.2.2 国内小麦播种机发展现状 .31.3 创新点 .4第二章 总体方案设计 .52.1 小麦玉米轮作种植规格的设计 .52.2 总体设计 .62.2.1 整机结构设计 .62.2.2 工作原理 .62.2.3 深松小麦施肥播种机的主要技术参数 .72.2.4 总体配置 .7第三章 深松小麦施肥播种机各机构设计 .93.1 深松铲设计 .93.1.1 深松铲的技术要求 .93.1.2 深松铲的结构类型及其分析 .103.1.3 凿形深松铲的设计 .103.2 旋耕机构设计 .133.2.1 旋耕部分切削方式的选择 .133.2.2 刀辊直径 D 和转速 n 确定 .143.2.3 切土节距的确定 .143.2.4 旋耕机刀片的设计 .15目录VI3.2.5 刀片的配置与排列 .163.2.6 旋耕刀轴的设计 .173.2.7 旋耕机刀轴的强度校核 .183.3 排种器设计 .233.3.1 排种器的技术要求 .233.3.2 排种器的选择 .243.3.3 外槽轮式播种器工作原理 .243.3.4 播种量的计算 .253.4 开沟器设计 .273.4.1 开沟器的技术要求 .273.4.2 开沟器的选择 .273.5 种肥箱设计 .293.5.1 种肥箱的