现代重型模锻液压机的关键技术外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

1、外文资料Key technologies of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press IntroductionModern heavy die forging hydraulic press is 100MN above the basic tonnage of hydraulic press, the current development environment, the application of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press industry for the electric power,

2、 shipbuilding and aerospace industry, and other applications. Modern heavy die forging hydraulic press is an important equipment in the production and application of heavy industrial products in our country. Study of Europe and the United States and other developed countries in the modern heavy die

3、forging hydraulic press has made considerable development, and China modern heavy die forging hydraulic press related research started late, little research on technology of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press, with heavy die forging hydraulic machine technology progress and China of modern tec

4、hnology of heavy die forging hydraulic press attention, level of application and practice of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press rising, in this paper, the key technologies of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press of1 development of heavy die forging hydraulic pressWith heavy die forging hyd

5、raulic press pressure, large tonnage, heavy die forging hydraulic machine technology development first began in the thirties of the last century, Germany the earliest start of heavy die forging hydraulic press technology development and application, heavy die forging hydraulic press used in aviation

6、 manufacturing, and the construction of the three sets of about and a 300MN die forging hydraulic machine. After the Second World War, the United States launched a study of heavy die forging hydraulic press, on the basis of German aircraft structure analysis, to further increase the heavy die forgin

7、g hydraulic machine is used in the scope and depth of the aviation industry, and in the German heavy hydraulic press technology research based on, the construction of the 750MN about heavy die forging hydraulic machine 16. Europe began to attach importance to the development of the aviation industry

8、, after the end of World War II Germany and Britain also began the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press, started in the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press, the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press continued until the 21st century. The United States from 2000

9、began to establish a 40MN heavy die forging hydraulic press. Thus developed countries in Europe and the United States of heavy die forging hydraulic machine technology development very seriously, and pay more attention to the research and manufacturing of heavy die forging hydraulic press equipment,

10、 innovative technology, development of new heavy industry and promote the heavy die forging hydraulic machine manufacturing level of ascension. In the late sixtys of last century, our country began the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press. Then, the heavy die forging hydraulic press of

11、650MN is studied. Although a lot of technology is in the laboratory research stage, but these technologies are also widely used in many fields, and achieved good results.Due to human factors caused by the manufacturing process of material is not reasonable, can effectively improve the bearing capaci

12、ty in a certain level of oil pressure, increase the heavy die forging hydraulic press of wall thickness, we must adopt a new structure model. In the design process of the complete heavy die forging hydraulic press, the traditional non full cylinder bottom model structure design is eliminated, and th

13、e embedded type is adopted to avoid the wall thickness change caused by stress concentration. The cylinder at the bottom of the cylinder is embedded in the bottom of the heavy die forging hydraulic press, and the seal is reliable by the bolt connection and the high pressure oil. The design of prestr

14、essed structure should be used in order to improve the overall carrying capacity of the system. Heavy die forging hydraulic press used prestressed steel wire winding technology and the ultra-high pressure hydraulic technology, and in various industries, should be to the production of plate punching

15、forming hydraulic press and heavy ceramic brick press, and the mass production and achieved good results. Due to the large load of heavy die forging hydraulic press, large structural strength and stiffness high, so the manufacture of heavy die forging hydraulic press is more difficult, in heavy die

16、forging hydraulic press in the process of development to overcome the problems in manufacturing, improve the design precision and enhance manufacturing capacity, to prolong the service life of the mold, design and manufacture of forging hydraulic press is always the application of the latest technol

17、ogy, Study of Europe and the United States and other developed countries in the modern heavy die forging hydraulic press has made considerable development, and China modern heavy die forging hydraulic press related research started late, little research on technology of modern heavy die forging hydr

18、aulic press, with heavy die forging hydraulic machine continuous innovation, and promote the development of key technology of heavy die forging hydraulic machine.Analysis on the key technology of 2 modern heavy die forging hydraulic pressHeavy die forging hydraulic press to electric power, shipbuild

19、ing, aerospace industrial development has an important role in promoting, high strength alloys and super alloys used in the forging process of heavy die forging hydraulic press, heavy die forging hydraulic press die pressure ratio up 2000mPa, in order to achieve die head pressure hydraulic pressure

20、force per unit area ratio, can improve the heavy die forging hydraulic press, by ultra high pressure technology application in heavy die forging hydraulic press, in order to achieve higher compression strength. In order to improve the pressure ratio of the die, the reconstruction of the heavy die fo

21、rging hydraulic press should be used to improve the pressure ratio of the die, to simplify and optimize the structure of the heavy die forging hydraulic press in a reasonable range to reduce the manufacturing cost. In the manufacturing process of heavy die forging hydraulic press, it is necessary to

22、 carry out structural seal for heavy die forging hydraulic press.2.1 heavy die forging hydraulic press cylinder structure key technology of heavy die forging hydraulic press cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is directly related to the basic strength of the whole The effective use of a die forging h

23、ydraulic press, usually in heavy die forging hydraulic press design application non prestressed concrete structure, in the design of general structure is not suitable for heavy die forging hydraulic press cylinder design, mainly is because in heavy die forging hydraulic press operation due to the pr

24、essure to make changes in the structure of heavy die forging hydraulic press is the heavyType die forging hydraulic press control has certain effect, but heavy die forging hydraulic press design let cylinder position structure serious deformation, but also affect the overall operation, prone to crac

25、ks at the bottom of the cylinder. This is mainly due to stress concentration of lead. Due to human factors caused by the manufacturing process of material is not reasonable, can effectively improve the bearing capacity in a certain level of oil pressure, increase the heavy die forging hydraulic pres

26、s of wall thickness, we must adopt a new structure model. In the design process of the complete heavy die forging hydraulic press, the traditional non full cylinder bottom model structure design is eliminated, and the embedded type is adopted to avoid the wall thickness change caused by stress conce

27、ntration. The cylinder at the bottom of the cylinder is embedded in the bottom of the heavy die forging hydraulic press, and the seal is reliable by the bolt connection and the high pressure oil. The design of prestressed structure should be used in order to improve the overall carrying capacity of

28、the system.The key technology of clearance seal of 2.2 heavy die forging hydraulic press is the key problem of the clearance seal of heavy die forging hydraulic press.Research and heavy die forging hydraulic press produces sealing problem is the main reason for the system itself in the running state

29、 of the high pressure cylinder and under the internal pressure of the hydraulic cylinder caused by swelling and expansion, make heavy die forging hydraulic press pressure. As in the running process, the hydraulic cylinder is 400MN, when the internal pressure in the 130MPA, the pressure of the diamet

30、er of 972 mm. Due to expansion, the inner wall of up to 2.0 mm, in the inner wall of the production process of the deposit will have gap at this time will reach the inner wall of the 2.5mm gap, gap seal is a more important problem, will influence of heavy die forging hydraulic press sealing device.

31、Therefore, for super high-pressure gap sealing of the key technologies to be enough understanding, in order to do a good job in the support of heavy die forging hydraulic press, well closed, maximize do the air tightness of the heavy die forging hydraulic press, the key technologies of modern heavy

32、die forging hydraulic press used in practice have higher feasibility.One of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools ere manually operated and controlled. Among the many limitations associ

33、ated with manual control machine tools, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the product is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control o

34、f machine tools.Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions. Rather than operating a machine tool, an NC technician writes a program that issues operational instructions to the machine tool. For a

35、machine tool to be numerically controlled, it must be interfaced with a device for accepting and decoding the programmed instructions, known as a reader.Numerical control was developed to overcome the limitation of human operators, and it has done so. Numerical control machines are more accurate tha

36、n manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs are lower. The development of NC led to the development of several other innovations in manufacturing technology: Electrical discharge machining,Laser cutting,Electron beam welding.Nu

37、merical control has also made machine tools more versatile than their manually operated predecessors. An NC machine tool can automatically produce a wide of parts, each involving an assortment of widely varied and complex machining processes. Numerical control has allowed manufacturers to undertake

38、the production of products that would not have been feasible from an economic perspective using manually controlled machine tolls and processes.Like so many advanced technologies, NC was born in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The concept of NC was developed in the ear

39、ly 1950s with funding provided by the U.S. Air Force. In its earliest stages, NC machines were able to made straight cuts efficiently and effectively. However, curved paths were a problem because the machine tool had to be programmed to undertake a series of horizontal and vertical steps to produce

40、a curve. The shorter the straight lines making up the steps, the smoother is the curve, Each line segment in the steps had to be calculated. This problem led to the development in 1959 of the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language. This is a special programming language for NC that uses state

41、ments similar to English language to define the part geometry, describe the cutting tool configuration, and specify the necessary motions. The development of the APT language was a major step forward in the fur ther development from those used today. The machines had hardwired logic circuits. The in

42、structional programs were written on punched paper, which was later to be replaced by magnetic plastic tape. A tape reader was used to interpret the instructions written on the tape for the machine. Together, all of this represented a giant step forward in the control of machine tools. However, ther

43、e were a number of problems with NC at this point in its development.A major problem was the fragility of the punched paper tape medium. It was common for the paper tape containing the programmed instructions to break or tear during a machining process. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that

44、each successive time a part was produced on a machine tool, the paper tape carrying the programmed instructions had to be rerun through the reader. If it was necessary to produce 100 copies of a given part, it was also necessary to run the paper tape through the reader 100 separate tines. Fragile pa

45、per tapes simply could not withstand the rigors of a shop floor environment and this kind of repeated use.This led to the development of a special magnetic plastic tape. Whereas the paper carried the programmed instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instr

46、uctions as a series of magnetic dots. The plastic tape was much stronger than the paper tape, which solved the problem of frequent tearing and breakage. However, it still left two other problems. The most important of these was that it was difficult or impossible to change the instructions entered o

47、n the tape. To made even the most minor adjustments in a program of instructions, it was necessary to interrupt machining operations and make a new tape. It was also still necessary to run the tape through the reader as many times as there were parts to be produced. Fortunately, computer technology

48、became a reality and soon solved the problems of NC associated with punched paper and plastic tape.The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying t

49、he programmed instructions. In direct numerical control, machine tools are tied, via a data transmission link, to a host computer. Programs for operating the machine tools are stored in the host computer and fed to the machine tool an needed via the data transmission linkage. Direct numerical contro

50、l represented a major step forward over punched tape and plastic tape. However, it is subject to the same limitations as all technologies that depend on a host computer. When the host computer goes down, the machine tools also experience downtime. This problem led to the development of computer nume

51、rical control.3 conclusions In this paper, the key technology of heavy die forging hydraulic press is analyzed. Through the analysis of the pressure cylinder structure and sealing gap, to improve the technical level of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press, strengthen equipment manufacturing effe

52、ct, in order to improve the safety and reliability of equipment.中文译文现代重型模锻液压机的关键技术引言 现代重型模锻液压机是指 100MN 以上的基本吨位液压机，当前发展环境下，现代重型模锻液压机适用的行业为电力、船舶和航空航天工业等应用领域。现代重型模锻液压机是我国重工业产品在锻造过程中生产应用中的重要设备。欧美等发达国家在现代重型模锻液压机的研究方面取得了长足发展，而我国现代重型模锻液压机的相关研究起步较晚，对现代重型模锻液压机的技术研究较少，随着重型模锻液压机技术的进步和我国对现代重型模锻液压机技术的重视，现代重型模锻液压机的应用与实践水平不断提升，本文对现代重型模锻液压机的关键技术进行了探析。1 重型模锻液压机的发展 重型模锻液压机具有压力大、吨位大的特点，重型模锻液压机技术的发展最早开始于上世纪三十年代，德国最早开始重型模锻液压机的技术研发与应用，将重型模锻液压机应用于航空制造业，并建造了三台 150MN 和一台 300