中考英语动词时态、语态、(课件)详解.ppt

1、动词时态复习,2015中考复习,一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense ),一般现在时 ( The Simple Present tense,一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense ),现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense),过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense),现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense),过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense),过去将来时(The Simple Past Future Tense),一、一般现在时 一般现在时的谓语构成

2、： 1、be动词：am/is/are 2、行为动词： A：动词原形 B：动词+-s (主语为单三),一般现在时的用法： 1.经常发生,反复进行的动作或状态。 2.客观事实或普遍真理。 3.If ; as soon as;not until 等引导的状语从句。 4.当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时 的从句。 常与下列时间状语连用：often, usually , always, sometimes everyday / week / Sunday,2016实战演练,1.Jim usually _(have) lunch at home, but sometimes he _ (have) it a

3、t school. 2.Ill tell him the news as soon as he _(come) back. 3. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, well go to the zoo. 4. Dont get off the bus until it_ (stop). 5. You may go out to play when you _(finish) your homework.,has,has,comes,doesnt rain,stops,finish,6. The teacher told us that the earth _(trave

4、l) round the sun. 7. -Do you know if we _(go) to the cinema tomorrow? -I think well go if we _ (not have) too much homework. 8. She watches TV twice a week. _ _ does she watch TV?,travels,will go,dont have,How often,9. Jim has lunch at home everyday. (否定句) Jim _ _ lunch at home everyday. 10. He does

5、 his homework every day. (一般疑问句) _he _ his homework every day? 11. He has few friends, _ _ ? (反意疑问句),doesnt have,Does do,does he,二、现在进行时 现在进行时的谓语构成： am/is/are +动词ing 现在进行时的用法：表示说 话时或现阶段正在进行或发 生的动作，,常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。另外，我们还要注意 句中的隐含条件（如：look, listen, Its nine oclock等）。如： Look !The

6、students are doing their homework. Listen ! Someone is singing in the next room. Dont go out ! Its raining hard outside.,有些动词如come, go, leave, begin, 等的现在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作,句中常有表示将来的状语: Im leaving on Sunday morning. Jim is coming here this evening.,2016实战演练,1.Look! Some children _ (play) football on

7、 the playground. 2.Listen ! Someone _ (play) the piano in the room. 3.The students of Class Two _ (work) on the farm now. 4.Be quiet ! Your father_ (sleep). 5.Dont go out ! It _ (rain ) hard outside.,are playing,is playing,are working,is sleeping,is raining,三、一般过去时 一般过去时的构成： 动词的过去式 一般过去时的用法： 表示过去发生的

8、动作或状态.,用于一般过去时的时间状语有: yesterday, yesterday / morning /afternoon/evening, last night / week / month / Sunday / just now , half an hour ago等。,have a meeting, yesterday,We had a meeting yesterday.,give a concert, last month,Jay gave a concert last month.,join WTO , in 2001,China joined WTO in 2001.,get

9、 married , in 1999,They got married in 1999.,visit Canada,last Thursday,He visited Canada last Thursday.,die , December 9,He died in Shanghai on Dec.9.,2016实战演练,1. _ you _a good time last Sunday? 2. The headmaster _ (not say) anything at the meeting yesterday. 3. Have you ever been there? Yes, I _ (

10、go) there last spring. 4.Lily_ (fall) off her bike and _ (hurt) herself last Monday afternoon.,Did have,didnt say,went,fell hurt,5. Its a long time since we _ last. A. meet B. met C. will met D. have met 6. -Have you ever been to the Great Wall ? - Yes, I _ there last spring. A. go B. have gone C. w

11、ill go D. went,B,D,5. Mr. Li invited her to the party.（改为一般疑问句） _Mr. Li _her to the party? 6 They asked the teacher a question. （改为否定句） They_ _the teacher a question.,Did,invite,didnt ask,8. Tom watched TV for two hours. (对画线部分提问） _ _ _Tom _TV? 9. She helped me do some cleaning. (对画线部分提问） _ _She _ y

12、ou_ ?,How long did,watch,What did,help,do,四、一般将来时 1、一般将来时的构成： 1）will + 动词原形 2）am(is,are) going to +动词原形 3）常用be doing表示将来的动词go come leave stay，start，begin等例如：we are leaving for london 4）be about to+V原和be to+V原表示即将发生的动作 The train is about to start。 she is to be married next month。 2、一般将来时的用法：一般将来时表示将要

13、 发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时 间状语连用。如: tomorrow, today, tonight , next spring/ week/ month/ year,下面几种情况只用will/shall,表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时 Will you please lend me your bike？ we will help him if he asks us 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时 The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow moring,2016实战演练,1. There_ (be) an English f

14、ilm on TV tonight. 2. _we_( go) to the park next Sunday? 当主语是i，we时疑问句一般用shall表示征求对方意见 3. He _ (not go) home until he finishes his homework. 4.What _ you _(do) next Sunday? 5. I _ ( be) free tomorrow morning.,will be,Shall go,wont go,will do,Will be,6.There is going to _ a meeting next week. A. be B.

15、 have C. is D. has 7.-I dont know if it _ tomorrow. -If it _, well stay at home. A. will rain ; rains B. rains ; rains C. will rain ; will rain D. rains ; will rain,A,A,五、过去进行时 1、过去进行时的构成： was/were + 现在分词 2、过去进行时的用法： 过去进行时表示过去某一 时刻正在进行的动作，,常用的时间状语有： 1)at this time last night, at 9:00 yesterday；from

16、seven to nine；yesterday, last year, yesterday morning 2)含有when和while引导的时间状语 主句中的动作先于从句的动作发生，且进行时间较长时，主句用过去进行时从句用一般过去时 The boy was walking down the street when the earthquake happened 从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生时，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时When he was playing ，all of us sat still and listened 若主从句动作同时进行时，从句一般用w

17、hile引导 He was reading a newspaper while I was watching TV,过去进行时态常与always等表频率的副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩Alice was always changing her mind He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.,2015实战演练,We_( watch) TV when he came to see us. 2. I _ ( draw) a picture at this

18、 time yesterday morning. 3. What _ you _ (do) when the teacher came in ? 4. While we _ (talk), the teacher came in.,were watching,was watching,were doing,were talking,六、现在完成时,1.现在完成时的构成： 助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用 于其他所有人称。,2现在完成时的用法： （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内

19、的时间副词just ，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。,（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如:for 时间段和since时间点或时间壮语从句，以及 so far 等。, She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come , go , die , join, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段

20、时间的短语连用。,(3).have been (to)和have gone (to) 的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经 去过”某地,说话时此人很可能 不在那里,已经回来。侧重指 经历。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人 “已经去了”某地，说话时此 人在那里，或可能在路上，反 正不在这里。,将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和 一段时间连用，其常用的方法有： a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有： buy have borrow keep catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know join the

21、 Party be a Party member,短暂性动词与延续性动词,leave be away (from) die be dead begin be on come here be here fall asleep be asleep join the Army be in the Army,come to work / live work / live begin to study/ teach study/teach,B. 把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为 表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时 He came here three months ago. C.用 “It is

22、/ has been +一段时间 +since (一般过去时)”结构。 It is/ has been three months since he came here.,D. 用“多长时间+has passed + since(一般过去时)”结构： Three months has passed since he came here.,(4)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能 和how long连用。如： 误：How long have you borrow the book? 正：How long have you kept the book? 正：When did you borrow the

23、 book?,典型题例,1. _ you ever_ (eat) Beijing duck? 2. I wont go to the cinema this Sunday because I _(see) it already. 3. Wheres Jim? He _ (go) to England. 4. My father _ ( be) to Beijing many times. 5. Mr. Green _(work) here since 1989. 6. We _(know) each other for a year.,Have eaten,have seen,has gone

24、,has been,has worked,have known,7. Its a long time since we _ (meet) last. 8. We have been here for four years. (同义句) We _ here four years _. 9. Its five years since my grandfather died. (同义句) My father has _ _ for five years. 10. My brother has been a soldier for two years.(同义句) My father _ _ _ two

25、 years ago.,met,came ago,been dead,joined the army,七、过去完成时的用法 1、概念：表示过去的过去。,其结构是：had + 过去分词,2、过去完成时的用法： （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.,2）过去完成时的动词还可以表

26、示 过去某一时刻之前发生的动作 或者状态持续到过去某个时间 或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.,2015实战演练,1.When I got there, the bus_ already _(go). 2. The film _(be) on for five minutes when I got to the cinema. 3. We _ (learn) about 1,000 new English words by the end of last term. 4. By the time we got there ,

27、 the train _ (leave).,had,gone,had been,had learnt,had left,时间,现在,过去,那时所预见的情况,八、过去将来时,一、基本概念： 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。,二、基本形式：would should 动词原形（其中 would 用于各 种人称， should 常用于第一人 称）。 例如： They were sure they would win the final victory 他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。,三、过去将来

28、时的一些其它表达形式: 1.Was were going to动词原形 He said it was going to rain 他说天要下雨了。 2过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强 的动词，如 go ,come, leave ,start， open ,begin 等）也可用于表示将来。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。,1.Miss Chen _ us English last term. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught ,典型例题解析,B,2. E

29、xcuse me. Look at the sign NO PHOTOS! Sorry, I _it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see,B,3.My mother _the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. A. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean,A,4.He_this pen for five years. He _it in 1997. A. has bought, bough

30、t. B. bought, bought C. has kept, has bought D. has had, bought,D,D,5.-Peter, could you come and help me in the kitchen, please? -Sorry, mum, I _ Lily with her English. A. help B. helped C. have helped D. am helping,6.When will you tell him the good news? I will tell him about it as soon as he _back

31、.当主句是一般将来时，在if，as soon as ，until，when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时 A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming,A,7.I don t know if my friend _.If he _,Ill let you know. A. comes, comes B. comes, will come C. will come, comes D. will come, will come 8.John said he_ supper. He was quite full. A. had had B. wa

32、s haring C. had D. has eaten,C,A,9.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A. are going to be B. are going to have C. is going to be D. will have 10.It_3 years since I _ to No.1 Middle School. A. is, come B. is, have come C. was, came D. is, came ,A,D,.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.My brother isnt at home now. He _

33、(go) to Beijing. He _ (be) there many times. He _ (not be) back until next week. 2.When I got home, my mother _ (go) out for a walk.,has gone,has been,wont be,had gone,3.He_(finish)his composition just now. 4.By the end of last month, we _ (learn) ten English songs. 5. _she _(do) morning exercises e

34、very day?,finished,had learnt,Does,do,6.Our country _ (change) a lot since 1982. 9.Listen!Someone_ (sing)in the next room.10.Our teacher told us the earth _(go) around the sun. ,has changed,is singing,goes,How did you spend your childhood? (3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化),Example: I _ (spe

35、nd) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time.,spent,played,didnt,were,一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense ) 1.结构: 谓动用动词过去式 2.用法: 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如 yesterda

36、y, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。,How is your daily life as a high school student?,(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化),二. 一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite ) 1.结构: 主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化,其余人称用原形.,I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.,2. 用法:

37、 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often/ usually, every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。,2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun.,3) 表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用如： The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.,.过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)

38、,1. 用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句中.,2.结构: Should / would+动词原形 The boy promised he would work hard. I told my parents I should return early.,2).其他形式 was (were) going to was (were) to +动词原形 was (were) about to,犹如,picture,How will you spend your Spring Festival holiday? I will Im going to

39、,三. 一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense ) will / be going to do,2. be +to do，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to have an exam this week.,3. be about to do, 表示马上做某事, 不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用. He is about to leave for Beijing.,What are they doing now? They are having a class.,四. 现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense),2. 用法： 1)

40、表示现在( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。 We are having English class now. 2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.,1.结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing,3) 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的 动作,多用于表示移动的动词,如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay. I m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?,On August 8, 2008, the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in Beijing.,What were you doing on that day?,被动语态(Passive Voice),Sentence structure: be + done(pp.),1.(一般现在时被动式) am/is/are +done 2.(一般过去时被动式) was /were + done