上课用高考英语完形填空讲解示范课课件.ppt

1、完形填空专练,WELCOME,How to do cloze tests?,高考总体要求 完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。 解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。,Brief introduction,Discussion: What are your methods of doing cloze tests?,英语完形填空解题步骤,1.速览全文，把握大意。,做完形填空必须读懂文章，前后逻辑一致；完形填空每个小题的正确答案都是有充分根据的，可以在文章汇总找到具体的突破口也就是信息点。解题时

2、应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。,2mins,10mins,2mins,1mins,2.细读首句，摸清文路。,4.复核全文，调整答案。,3.瞻前顾后，准确选择。,Four methods(四种常用的方法)：,1、context 上下文语境 2、word distinctions or collocations 词语辨析和固定搭配 3、information given in the passage 利用文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反义词等） 4、cultural background and common sense 文化背景和

3、常识,The skills of finishing Cloze?,What do we learn today?,Skill1: Choosing by 上下文、语境 Skill2: Choosing by 逻辑推理 Skill3: Choosing by 词语辨析和固定搭配 Skill4: Choosing by 语法分析 Skill5: Choosing by 文化背景和常识,Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境),eg. Many old people dont have good _. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight,

4、1) They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.,C,2) They cant listen to music or news over the radio, but they can read with glasses.,3) They cant walk outside, but they can watch TV or listen to music or news over the radio at home.,A,B,eg4. Some parts of the water are

5、very shallow. But in some places it is very, very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境),eg1. When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _ than t

6、hat in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,eg2. My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My _，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people a

7、re deaf（聋的）,A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head,eg1. At this moment, the air hostess 1 . She looked pale, but was quite 2 .1. A. showed B. presented C. exposed D. appeared 2. A. well B. still C. calm D. quiet,Vt.,Vt.,Vt.,Vi,Skill 3:Choosing by meanings of words and expressions (词汇和短语用法),eg2. In the morn

8、ing, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea _that man.,A. with B. to C. as D. of,the same,。,Skill4: Choosing by grammar(语法分析),eg1.and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms ha

9、d a very strange _ quite pleasant taste. A. beside B. but C. and D. or,。,eg1.I turned the key in the lock and _the door open. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried,eg2. All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of _ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many

10、places for people to swim in swimming pools. A. all B. none C. some D. both,Skill 5: Choosing by common sense(常识),eg3. (Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest,1、Information given in the passage 利用文章中的信息(原词复现、近义词和反义词等）,(1)

11、Miss Brown said, “ May I 17 (correct) a small mistake that you made, Miss Dike? Columbus crossed the 18 in the 15th , not the 16th century. He 19 (discovered) America in 1492. Sir Francis Drake was a great sailor in the 16th century. You 20 (might have crossed) the Atlantic ocean with him. A. Pacifi

12、c B. Indian C. Arctic D. Atlantic (2) I remember as a child I said something 40 about somebody, and my father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you.” (NMET2005山东) A. unkind B. unnecessary C. unimportant D. unusual (3) Apparently, although no one wa

13、nts to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. 2007上海） A. noisyB. alone C. personalD. sociable,D,A,B,2、Word distinctions or collocations词语辨析和固定搭配,(1) Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their 4 (subjects) . Many people learn English because it is 5 (useful) i

14、n their work. Some young people learn English 6 (for) their higher studies because some of their books are 7 English. A. in B. with C. at D. of (2) With such a credit card, you can travel and entertain when and where you 15 (want) . The world s leading hotels, motels and resorts（胜地）welcome the Card.

15、 You can charge nearly everything, including golf and tennis 16 . A. money B. fares C. tickets D. fees,A,D,3、Context 上下文语境,(1) The ancient Greeks were very interested in the nature of the world around them and put forward many interesting theories to explain things. Sometimes they were right, 1 very

16、 often they were wrong. A. and B. so C. but D. for (2) Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friends home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, 1 (because) you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. You take special pains when you are e

17、ating 2 . (2005上海) A. in public B. at home C. at ease D. in a hurry,C,A,4、Cultural background and common sense文化背景和常识,(1) the mother was holding their baby daughter, Ally. The little girl had some food stuck in her throat, and could hardly breathe. Mr. White drove them to . The ambulance was running

18、 very fast along the road. A. the best hospital B. the biggest hospital C. the nearest hospital D. the Childrens Hospital (2) People of Burhngton are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 26 have made up their mi

19、nds to 27 (ring) the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest （抗议） against heavy trucks which run 28(day and night) through the narrow High Street.(NMET1999) A. college B. village C. town D. church,C,D,Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）,Tips: 1、the tense and the voi

20、ce，the accord between subject and predicate（时态语态，主谓语在上下文 的中是否一致） 2、grammar and collocations（语法和习惯用法的 搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致） 3、the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯) 4、the meaning of the whole passage（整体上检查 结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理）,Step1 Skip(跳读) the passage to get the general id

21、ea and pay attention to the first sentence.,In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）,Skip the following passage and try to get the general idea of it.,The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease s

22、ince the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.,Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 2 holding the baby. “What we know is that its goo

23、d for the 3 if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 5 day off work. Experts fear that the tendenc

24、y for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers 6 to give young women the permanent（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January, Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, with a warming: use it or 7 it.,Kindlund admits that men are und

25、er 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 9 a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads i

26、n Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe. (2004上海卷）,General idea:,In European countries, the birthrate has decreased. So the governments are taking measures to encourage parents to create more babies.,Step2 Reread and choose the b

27、est answer for each blank by using some methods. 在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于 一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案。,The skills of finishing Cloze?,What do we learn today?,Skill1: Choosing by 上下文、语境 Skill2: Choosing by 逻辑推理 Skill3: Choosing by 词汇和短语用法 Skill4: Choosing by 语法分析 Skill5: Choosing by 常识,完形填空四利用：,1. 利用复现或同类的词汇答题。 2. 利用前后文的对仗

28、关系。 3. 利用上下文的逻辑关系。 4. 生活常识。,完形填空三忌：,忌不看首句，直奔空格处作答。 忌当做语法填空来做。完形填空很多选项必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看本句话。 忌先入为主，一气呵成。做题时先填把握的空格，对不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回头看才会获得答案。,The more we practice, the easier it will be!,Cloze is interesting, though difficult.,Step1 Skip the passage to get the general idea and pay attentio

29、n to the first sentence.（跳读掌握大意，注意首句）,Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.（借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案）,Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（复读检查）,Three steps,Sum up（总结）,1、context 上下文语境 2、word distinctions or collocations 词语辨析和固定搭配 3、information given in

30、the passage 利用文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反义词等） 4、cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常识,Four methods,Do a cloze test and think about the methods.,The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for p

31、arents to create more babies in the 21st century. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 2 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 3 if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy advi

32、ser at the Swedish ministry. 4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 5 day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers,A,B,A,C,D,6 to give young women the p

33、ermanent（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, with a warming: use it or 7 it. Kindlund admits that men are under 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “Its not popular

34、 among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 9 a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the h

35、ighest in Europe.,D,D,C,B,B,How many methods are used when you do this cloze?,Discuss:,The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decreas since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century. Affai

36、rs Ministry concluded last year that, 1(in spite of) cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 2 (left) holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 3(birth-rate) if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish mini

37、stry.4 (Even though) Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n)5 (single) day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers,context (上下文),word distinctions (词语辨析),

38、information given in the passage(原词复现),context (上下文),collocations (固定搭配),6 (reluctant)to give young women the permanent（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, with a warming: use it or7(lose)it. Kindlund ad

39、mits that men are under 8 (pressure) to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 9(build up) a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 1

40、0(similar) policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe.,context (上下文),context (上下文),context (上下文),word distinctions (词语辨析),context (上下文),Homework,Do the cloze tests on the paper.,Here are some

41、Basic skills of cloze,Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境),eg. Many old people dont have good _. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight,1) They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.,C,2) They cant listen to music or news over the radio, but they can read with glasses.,3) They

42、cant walk outside, but they can watch TV or listen to music or news over the radio at home.,A,B,eg2. Wait till you are more _. A. relaxed B. satisfied C. certain,1) Its better to be sure than sorry.,C,2) Ill improve it once more.,B,3) Or else youll be more nervous on the stage.,A,eg3.Traveling _, to

43、day becomes yesterday; traveling west it is tomorrow. A. south B. east C. north D. west,eg4. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,eg1. When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and

44、China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,eg2. My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My _，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）,A. ears B. eyes C.