翻译技巧-重复法.ppt

1、第八讲:翻译技巧重复法,教学步骤,学生陈述,作业讲评,翻译技巧重复法,作业布置,作业讲评,1. The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair. 一路上非常顺利，风是顺风，天是晴朗的好天气。 (adj. n.) 2. The increasing number of students poses many new problems for the universities. 学生人数的增加给大学带来了许多新问题。 (ving n.),作业讲评,3. We are enemies of all war

2、s, but above all of dynastic wars. 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 (n. v.) 4. That day he was up before sunrise. 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 (adv. v.),小 结,词类转译法,英汉两种语言的差别（静态 VS动态）要求我们在翻译的 时候适当运用词类转译法以 符合目的语的逻辑和特征。,翻译技巧重复法,为了明确,理论结合实践,为了强调,为了生动,例句结合分析,课内结合课外,童年 （罗大佑）,池塘边的榕树上 知了在声声叫着夏天 操场边的秋千上 只有蝴蝶停在上面 黑板上老师地粉笔 还在拼命唧唧喳喳写个不停 等待

3、着下课 等待着放学 等待游戏的童年 ,总是要等到睡觉前 才知道功课只做了一点点 总是要等到考试后 才知道该念的书都没有念 一寸光阴一寸金 老师说过寸金难买寸光阴 一天又一天一年又一年 迷迷糊糊地童年 ,更多例子,Oh My love is like a red, red rose. Thats newly sprung in June; Oh my love is like the melody Thats sweetly played in tune (Robert Burns) I have a dream that one day I have a dream that (Martine

4、 Luther King),重复法 Repetition,增强语言生动性和 形象性的修辞手法,为了忠实于原文， 不得不重复某些词语,知识点,不是不必要的重复， 而是必不可少的翻译技巧,重复法 Repetition,英语,汉语,英语中往往是在修辞时 才使用重复，一般情况下 则往往避免重复。,汉语则不仅在修辞时使用 重复，而且在一般情况下 也大量使用重复。,为了明确重复,In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus b

5、eing involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediately render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.,原文,为了明确重复,一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。,译文,分析：原文涉及三方（one of the contracting parties; Japan; the other contracting party)， 如

6、果用“它”，那到底指的是哪方呢？,为了明确重复,为了使译文明确某些内容，就要设法消除任何可能出现的误解。要消除这些误解，在某些文体中，特别是在合同、条约等正式应用文体中，要重复使用名词、动词、代词等。,重复名词（1）,I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（的问题/情况）。,重复英语中作宾语的名词 (p73),练习,We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 They would be very reluctant

7、 to postpone or cancel the meeting. 他们非常不愿意推迟这个会议或取消这个会议。,重复名词（2）,John is your friend as much as he is mine. 约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。,重复英语中作表语的名词 (p74),练习,This has been our position but not theirs. 这一直是我们的立场而不是他们的立场。 He became a millionaire all by himself. 他成为一个百万富翁一个白手起家的百万富翁。,重复名词（3）,We see, therefore, ho

8、w the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the models of production and of exchange. 由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。,重复英语前置词语短语前所省略的名词 (p74),练习,On the wings of hope, of love, of joy, Miss Meadows sped back to the music

9、 hall, up to the aisle, up to the steps, over to the piano. 美多斯小姐仿佛插上了希望的翅膀，爱情的翅膀，欢乐的翅膀，一路飞奔回音乐厅，她穿过通道，跃上台阶，三步并作两步走到钢琴前。,重复名词（4）,May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is

10、 now inspiring the world. 让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。,重复英语中作先行词的名词 (p74),练习,As each currencys value is stated in terms of other currencies, French francs, then, have a value in US dollars, which have a value in British pounds, which have a value in Japanese yen. 由于每一种货币的价值是用另

11、外的货币表现出来的，那么法国法郎的价值可以用美元来体现，美元可以用英镑来体现，英镑可以用日元来体现。,翻译赏析,原文：Encircling water embraces hill, Hill embraces water. Leisurely men watch actors, Actors watch men. 译文：曲水抱山山抱水。 闲人观伶伶观人。,分析：译文与原文一一对应而且工整，且同样采用 的重复修辞手法基本再现了原文的文体风格， 达到了忠实通顺的效果，反映了原文的意境和神韵。,重复动词（1）,They covered the 19th century foreign interve

12、ntion in China, Maos Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolutions. 他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到毛泽东在二十世纪三十年代中期的长征，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。,英语句子常用一个动词接连几个宾语或表语， 在译文中往往要重复这个动词 (p76),练习,People forget your face first, then your name. 人们首先忘记你的容貌，接着又忘记你的名字。 They were starting from scratch and needed men, g

13、uns, training. 他们是白手起家的人，需要人员，需要枪支，需要训练。,重复动词（2）,We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。,英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次、第三次往往 只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替 英语中重复的前置词(p76),练习,Then he

14、spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and particularly of the spread of wealth and work. 接着他谈到了慈善事业的兴起和教育的普及，特别谈到了财富和工作面的扩大。,重复动词（3）,But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. 可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他

15、的一家人都要毁在他的身上。,英语中连前置词也省略了， 但译文中仍可以重复动词(p77),练习,The letter “I” stands for I, “O” owe, and “U” you. 字母I代表“我”， O代表“欠”，U代表“你”。,IOU,重复代词（1）,Jessie opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。,英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往 可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词 （p77）,重复代词（2）,Big powers have their strategies while small count

16、ries also have their own lines. 强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。,英语中用物主代词以代替句中作主语的名词 时，翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作 主语的名词，以达到明确具体的目的(p78),重复代词（3）,Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. 哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。,英语中强调关系代词或关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever等等， 翻译时往往使用重复法处理。（p79）,重复代词（4）,Some have entered college

17、and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。 有的上大学了，有的下乡了。,英语用someand others (some, others)连用的句子，译成汉语时主语往往 是谓语重复形式的“的”字结构，有时也 可以用“有的，有的”句式(p79),重复代词练习,Ignoring a problem does not solve it. 对于一个问题置之不理，并不能解决问题。 Some were playing football, others were playing volleyball. 有的在踢足球，有的在打排球。 踢

18、足球的在踢足球，打排球的在打排球。 Whoever works hard will be respected. 谁工作努力，谁就会受到尊重。,为了强调重复,为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻的印象，英译汉时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。,（一）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复,Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。 Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。,练习,If once virtue lost, a

19、ll is lost. 一旦丧失了道德，便丧失了一切。 Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its cycles. 一年又一年，一世纪又一世纪，月亮盈亏变化，周而复始。 It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society. 生于社会，不能脱离社会。,（二）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复之,They would read and re-read the secret notes. 他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢

20、磨这些密件。 I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now. 我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好即刻就分手吧。,练习,Easy come, easy go. 来得容易，去得快。 She loved giving orders to the servants and they loved obeying her. 她喜欢对仆人们发号施令，他们也爱听她指挥。,为了生动重复,（一） 运用两个四个字词组 （二）运用词的重叠 （三）运用四字对偶词组,（一）运用两个四字词组,But there had been too muc

21、h publicity about my case. 但我的事先在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 Scrooge went to bed again, and thought and thought and thought it over and over. 司克罗琪又上床去，左思右想，想个不休。,（二）运用词的重叠,I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. 我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无讳。 The toasts were flat. 祝酒词平平淡淡的。 I wasnt evasive in my rep

22、ly. 我的回答并不躲躲闪闪。,翻译赏析,寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。 乍暖还春时候，最难将息。 Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!,（三）运用四字对偶词组,It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men. 这是九月的一个晴朗的下午，纽约的大