2018高考英语复习语法部分2代词课件新人教版.pptx

1、补充：,1. 两者和多者的代词。, 表示否定可说noteither/any，但没有either/anynot的说法。, none 既可指人，也可指物。它强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”，常用于回答how much和how many开头的问句；还可与介词of连用。no one只能指人(=nobody)，不能接of短语，常用于回答who开头的问句。 both/all/every 等与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非都”。,2. 表“另外的，别的”的代词。, 单独的other只能作定语。 搭配：someothers有些有些；onethe other一个(特指两者中的)另一个 特殊：anothe

2、r用于“another基数词(few)复数名词” 中，与“基数 (some)other/more复数名词” 相当。,3.区分几个替代词。 it和that都替代“the+单数名词”，都是特指，都可替代可数和不可数名词；但it指前面提到的 “同一” 事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类” 事物。 one替代 “a单数可数名词”，表示泛指；其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。, the one是one的特指，替代 “the+单数可数名词”，相当于that；其复数形式those，替代 “the+复数名词”，在口语中也可用those代替。当后面有of短语时，多用that或those; 当有前置修饰语时

3、, 只能用one(s)。,We1 students should get on well with each other2. But in fact, something unpleasant can happen from time to time. For example, yesterday afternoon, it3was fine. All4 of us went out to the playground. Some were playing games and others5 were playing football when two boys of us quarreled

4、 and then fought. Every one6 of us was confused because they were ever very good friends and nobody7 could exactly tell what8 they fought for.,熟读深思,Neither9 of them wanted to give in to the other10. I thought it11 wrong of them to do so. So I tried to tell them 12 that we should put ourselves13 in o

5、thers shoes, but both14 of them were too angry to calm down. It 15 was not until our head teacher came that they parted. In my opinion, it16 is necessary for us to calm down and solve problems that we meet. Only those17 who can easily forgive and forget will get a more comfortable life.,汉语译文：我们学生之间应

6、当和睦相处，但事实上，一些不愉快的事时有发生。例如，昨天下午，天气很好，我们都去了操场。有些人在做游戏，另一些人在踢足球，突然我们中有两个男生吵架了，后来还打起来。我们每个人都感到困惑，因为他们是很要好的朋友。也没有人能准确知道他们是为什么事打架。他们谁也不愿屈服于另一方。我认为他们这样做是不对的。因此，我试图告诉他们，我们要设身处地为对方着想，但两个人都非常生气，安静不下来。直到我们的班主任来了，他们才分开。我认为，冷静下来处理我们遇到的问题是非常必要的。只有那些宽容的人才能过得更安逸。,1. We是人称代词主格, 在本句中作主语。 2. each other与one another两个叫相

7、互代词, 在句中只能作及物动词或介词的宾语。在正式英语里, 前者指两者, 后者指三者或以上, 但在现代英语里实际没有这种区别。本句中的each other作介词with的宾语。 3. it指天气。 4. all 不定代词，在本句中作主语。 5. someothers是固定句式，表示“一些人另一些人”。 6. every one不定代词，在本句中作主语, 注意, every one常接of短语，但everyone (=everybody)不与of短语连用。,7. nobody (=no one)表示“没有一个人”，在本句中作主语。若与of短语连用，则要用none，如None of them ha

8、s /have been there.他们中没有一个人去过那里。 8. what 疑问代词，意为“什么”，在宾语从句中作fought for的宾语。 9. neither指两者中的“没有一个”，在本句中作主语。 10. the other 特指两者中的“另外一个”，在本句中作介词to的宾语。 11. it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。,12. them是人称代词的宾格，在句中作宾语。 13.ourselves是反身代词，在本句中作put的宾语。反身代词在句中一般作宾语，也可作主语或宾语的同位语。 14. both表示“两者都”，在本句中作主语。 15. it用于构成强调结构，it wa

9、s not untilthat意为“直到才”。 16. it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 17. those 表示“那些人”，相当于those people。,1. 语法填空的纯空格题，重点考查人称代词，其次是不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾语的it。 2. 在给词题中，可能给出人称代词，要求考生填其物主代词或反身代词，也可能是给主格填宾格。 3. 在短文改错中，考查上下文人称不一致，单复数不一致，性别不一致，以及人称代词的格的误用等。,代词与高考,解这类题时注意以下几点： 1.纯空格的语法填空题，当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。因为在句中充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯

10、空格中是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺少主语或宾语，就该填代词。,2.在确定填代词后，再根据语境，弄清所缺主语或宾语具体指代上文或下文中的具体内容，结合上述几种代词的不同意义和用法，确定填具体哪个代词。在选择代词时，我们要从人称、性别、数量等方面进行考虑，是指代人还是指代物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。 3.熟记一些习惯的搭配，如someothers, those who, by myself等。,灵活运用,一、单句填空,1. Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friends to s

11、hare their deepest wishes and darkest fears.,作介词of的宾语，应填代词；由句意可知，是指在16个国家所调查的“那些人”中, 有一半说他们首先去找最亲密的朋友分享他们内心深处的愿望和恐惧；指“那些人”，用those。,those,2. At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.,2. 作介词to的宾语, 应填代词；后面的described in this magazine是过去分词作定语, 所填代词应替代复数名词the machine

12、s, 即这本杂志中所描述的机器，故填those。,those,3. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones. 在连词than后应填代词，作主语；替代前面不可数名词the traffic。 4. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. 作dont like的宾语，应填代词；指这两者中“任何一个”都不喜欢。,that,either,5. Although Rosemary h

13、ad suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.,作lost的宾语，应填代词；none of+不可数名词表示“一点也没有”。,none,6. Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.,作do的宾语，应填代词；由or可知，只能是两者中任选一种，不能做这两件事，即部分否定，是notboth。,both,7. _ can be

14、good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 缺主语，填代词；由he可知是指人，由句意可知是指“没有任何人”。 8. This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. 缺主语, 填代词; 由句意“这项工作需要团队合作。如果我们不一起把工作做好，就不会有所成就”可知，填nothing。achieve nothing没有成就，一事无成。,Nobody,Nothing,9. If youre buying todays

15、 paper from the stand, could you get _ for me? 在get后作宾语，应填代词；指代“a/an+单数可数名词(a paper)”，应填one。 10. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do. 在but后的分句中作主语，应填代词；由but可知，Bill 和Peter两个人都不想去，指“两者都不”，用neither。,one,neither,11. We have various s

16、ummer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. 作choose的宾语，应填代词；指根据你的兴趣，在各种夏令营中选择一种，即指代 “a summer camp”，用one。 12. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _. 作order的宾语，应填代词；指代“另外一杯”，用another。,one,another,13. The employment rate has continued to rise in big

17、cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _. 作increase的宾语，应填代词；指代前面的the employment rate，代替“the +单数名词”，表示“同一”件事或物时，用it。 14. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on? 作bring的宾语，应填代词；作形式宾语用it，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。,it,it,15. The two girls are so alike that s

18、trangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other. 作find的宾语，应填代词；作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to tell，故填it。 16. We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place. 在feel后作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，故填it。,it,it,17. Then I realized I didnt even know her name. I asked all of my professors but _ knew her name. 因but后的

19、并列句中缺主语，应填代词；根据前面语境，根据转折but可以推出：“我”问了“我” 所有的教授，但是没有人知道她的名字。故填nobody。,nobody,18. I smiled a big smile and _ worked a little, really.,因and后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词；由句意或前后逻辑可知，应填it，指代前文中的I smiled a big smile。,it,19. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _. 因rela

20、x oneself意为“放松自己”。 20. At that moment an attractive young lady, who noticed my book, came up to me and introduced _. 因introduce oneself意为“自我介绍”。,myself,herself,二、语篇填空 在空格处填入一个适当的词。,An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1 _. A man

21、 saw them and asked the son why 2 _ wasnt riding the donkey. Then the father let 3 _ ride it. 4 _ man saw them and told 5 _ that they should 6 _ ride the donkey. So 7 _both got on it.,it,he,him,Another,them,both,they,A woman who saw them said, “Tell 8 _, why are you both riding that poor animal？9_ l

22、ooks so weak and tired. 10 _are so cruel！” Then， the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge， the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.,me,It,You,这是一则寓言故事，讲述的是没有主见的父子二人骑驴去赶集的故事，目的是劝人要有主见。 1. it 指代前面的the donkey。 2.

23、he 指代前面的the son，在宾语从句中作主语，用主格。 3. him 指his son，作let的宾语，用宾格。 4. Another 泛指的“另一个”人。 5. them 指代the father和his son，作told的宾语。 6. both 作主语they的同位语，指这对父子“两人都”应骑在驴背上。 7. they 指代the father和his son，作主语。 8. me 与后面的you(你)相对，应是me(我)。 9. It 指前面的that poor animal。 10. You 由前面的you both可知。,三、单句改错,1. The doctor advise

24、d Vera strongly to take a holiday, but he didnt help. he it 指代医生向Vera提的建议，用it。 2. The chairman thought that necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. that it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语为to invitemeeting这个动词不定式短语。,3. The book is of great value. Everything can be enjoyed unless you digest it. Every

25、thing Nothing 句意：这本书很有价值。如果你不认真读, 你就无法从中得到乐趣。 4. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on us. us ourselves 反指主语we用ourselves。depend on oneself自力更生。,5. Neither side is prepared to talk to other unless we can smooth things over between them.,在other前加the 指“两者中的另一个，对方”用the

26、 other。事实上，other本身是不能单独用的，后面一定要有名词，否则，前面必有the, each；但others可单独作代词用，泛指“别人或别的事物”。,6. Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made her almost an overcoat for her.,made her made itself 反指主语Susans beautiful hair。句意：令人惊叹的是，Susan美丽的长发垂到她的膝盖下面，就像一件外套似的。,7. New technologies have made them possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.,them it 作为形式主语，代替动词不定式短语to turn outcost。,8. Those who smoke heavily should remind them of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.,them t